Tell her hi from Becky York, will you? (Kralik - I thought I had that wrong!) If I run across anything - I'll let you know. Check out the Url of York (pronounced Earl for Url), might be something there. There is a ton of info! ^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^*^ Becky north Idaho *~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~* My personal genealogy site http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~ouryorks The URL of YORK: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~allyorks Jefferson County, OK CC & listmom http://www.rootsweb.com/~okjeffer/ Brown County, TX CC & listmom http://www.rootsweb.com/~txbrown/ listmom for these on Rootsweb: Charlesworth Stewart-Roots Lee-Roots and of course Jefferson Co, OK and Brown Co., TX. ~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~ ----- Original Message ----- From: "Joyce G. Reece" <[email protected]> > *G* That would be Kralik.....She's only a Kra-nik when she accidently lets garage doors hit her and lawn mowers run over > her....which she has been known to do...and yes she is doing some work on the York's. If you run into a link between the Yorks and > Daugherty's in southeast Tennessee please let me know. > > Joyce Gaston Reece > Rootsweb mail list minder: Gilbreath, Galbreath, Raper, > Knuckles, TN-Meigs, Southeast, TN., Northeast, TN., Shields, > Hembree, Hemby. > Ancestry Message Board Admin for: Daugherty, Galbreath, Gaston, > Gilbreath, Hembree, Hemby, Knuckles, Raper, Reece, > Shield, Shields & Polk Co., TN.

Oh sugarfoot, your right ... I forgot. Just call me scattered today ... :o) Here today, gone tomorrow. Shelia

I too have an EMERY search within my hunt for YORKs and the lineage. My EMERY's are connected someway through the Howe, community. I believe (?) that both boys [called EMERY] were bn in that general area of the state. Clifford EMERY or Theodore R. EMERY, brothers only 1/2, to my Grandmother Jewell Dean MITCHELL ... all 3 children are children of Addie / Allie / Maddie-Mattie / [possibly] Maud E. YORK, d., September 1918, Howe, Oklahoma. The death certificate of Grandma's states that the name is only, Addie YORK as a maiden name ... that's all I have. Sad, Sad, Sad history to track. Gramma's obit lists that she was raised predominately in the Howe Area ... doesn't say the community, doesn't say outside or in a neighboring town just in the area of Howe! Those are the names connected to each other by one person and that one person is a YORK. Shelia Bachelder [email protected] Researching: HARBISON, MITCHELL, YORK, EMERY, VAUGHT, HATFIELD, TWEEDLE all in the Southern States. Surnames being Researched in Northern States: TRIMBLE, BAKER, HOLDREN, SMITH, McCOY, SHIMER, LANTZ Others related to either side possibly in North or South: BACHELDER, AUDET, CARNAHAN, DeMOTTE, RAYMOND, BELANGER, COPELAND, SIMS

That would be Syliva Kranik. She's also a potential YORK cousin, right Shelia.? BTW, Shelia, I like your name. I've never heard or seen that variation before. Not Sheila but SHELIA. My names are YORKs and STEWARTs in OK. They lived all over the bottom half of the state but seems mostly in Jefferson, Stephens, Pontotoc, and Carter counties. I don't know of Indian roots with the YORKs yet, but my paternal grandfather married a Cherokee woman, Hattie Juanita LEE, b. Brown Co., TX. Also have COLEY, COUCH, LEE, TUNSTALL's in TX. Becky ----- Original Message ----- From: "Joyce G. Reece" <[email protected]> > Sheila > > Contact [email protected] > > Joyce Gaston Reece > Rootsweb mail list minder: Gilbreath, Galbreath, Raper, > Knuckles, TN-Meigs, Southeast, TN., Northeast, TN., Shields, > Hembree, Hemby. > Ancestry Message Board Admin for: Daugherty, Galbreath, Gaston, > Gilbreath, Hembree, Hemby, Knuckles, Raper, Reece, > Shield, Shields & Polk Co., TN. > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Shelia Bachelder" <[email protected]> > To: <[email protected]> > Sent: Tuesday, January 14, 2003 5:21 PM > Subject: [OKGEN ] EMERY / EMORY > > > > I too have an EMERY search within my hunt for YORKs and the lineage. > > > > My EMERY's are connected someway through the Howe, community. I believe (?) that both boys [called EMERY] were bn in that general > area of the state. Clifford EMERY or Theodore R. EMERY, brothers only 1/2, to my Grandmother Jewell Dean MITCHELL ... all 3 > children are children of Addie / Allie / Maddie-Mattie / [possibly] Maud E. YORK, d., September 1918, Howe, Oklahoma. The death > certificate of Grandma's states that the name is only, Addie YORK as a maiden name ... that's all I have. Sad, Sad, Sad history to > track. Gramma's obit lists that she was raised predominately in the Howe Area ... doesn't say the community, doesn't say outside or > in a neighboring town just in the area of Howe! > > > > Those are the names connected to each other by one person and that one person is a YORK. > > > > Shelia Bachelder > > [email protected]

oops. I see you know who I am!! I should have finished reading your mail. Yep, still looking for YORKs. Hard to find info in OK, though. Becky ----- Original Message ----- From: "Shelia Bachelder" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, January 14, 2003 6:58 AM Subject: Re: [OKGEN ] Re: OKGEN-D Question > Rebecca > > The educational facilities are separate and yet the state of Minnesota has a program established with the Sioux [not sure which particular tribe] several different tribes of Sioux in the north, they provide educational needs on the University Campuses. I need to find out more about that since my curiosity got the best of me when I met my daughter's friend 2 years ago. My daughter was associated with a blood member who was 1/4th Sioux, [somehow] his expenses are being paid [in short] through the tribe to live on the campus in the Twin Cities of Minnesota while acquiring his degree. Don't forget our missing YORK if you find them all together. :o) > > Shelia > > >That's sort of what got me started on genealogy. Being a single mom for > >years, I set out to prove my Indian heritage so that I may obtain medical > >for myself and kids. That led to finding family, then to making websites, > >and now to college to learn more about computers. I still haven't proven my > >heritage and still have no medical insurance or help, but having fun > >learning! > > > ==== OKGEN Mailing List ==== > Search the Social Security Death Index online for FREE! > http://ssdi.genealogy.rootsweb.com/ > The most powerful SSDI search engine on the Internet! >

Shelia! I'm Becky York. Just don't want any mix up on the other Rebecca - - - and me (Rebecca York) "Becky". ----- Original Message ----- From: "Shelia Bachelder" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, January 14, 2003 6:58 AM Subject: Re: [OKGEN ] Re: OKGEN-D Question > Rebecca > > The educational facilities are separate and yet the state of Minnesota has a program established with the Sioux [not sure which particular tribe] several different tribes of Sioux in the north, they provide educational needs on the University Campuses. I need to find out more about that since my curiosity got the best of me when I met my daughter's friend 2 years ago. My daughter was associated with a blood member who was 1/4th Sioux, [somehow] his expenses are being paid [in short] through the tribe to live on the campus in the Twin Cities of Minnesota while acquiring his degree. Don't forget our missing YORK if you find them all together. :o) > > Shelia > > >That's sort of what got me started on genealogy. Being a single mom for > >years, I set out to prove my Indian heritage so that I may obtain medical > >for myself and kids. That led to finding family, then to making websites, > >and now to college to learn more about computers. I still haven't proven my > >heritage and still have no medical insurance or help, but having fun > >learning! > > > ==== OKGEN Mailing List ==== > Search the Social Security Death Index online for FREE! > http://ssdi.genealogy.rootsweb.com/ > The most powerful SSDI search engine on the Internet! >

This was just the beginning, if You want the continuing saga try reading " And still the waters run" or " the rise and fall of the Choctaw nation" By Angie Debo. Another great book on the rape of native Americans is "Where White men fear to tread" an autobiography of Russell Means Who was at one time the leader of the American Indian Movement. He is also My Idol. If anyone has ever heard him speak you will understand why. Warmest Regards, Jack ----- Original Message ----- From: "Carole Beth Arnette" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, January 14, 2003 9:45 AM Subject: Re: [OKGEN ] Re: OKGEN-D Video > Yes, all 3 betrayed their people. Their murders were heinous by today's > standards. But, as the tribe/nation met out the punishment, I can't judge. > When nations punish a person today, what method do they use? Thank you to > everyone, who shared info. > Carole Beth > ----- Original Message ----- > From: <[email protected]> > To: <[email protected]> > Sent: Monday, January 13, 2003 11:16 PM > Subject: Re: [OKGEN ] Re: OKGEN-D Video > > > > In a message dated 1/13/2003 10:39:56 PM Central Standard Time, > > [email protected] writes: > > > > > > > Major Ridge played a big part in the Cherokee Nation and was executed > for > > > having sold land that he wasnt supposed to. (something like that). > > > > If I recall my history correctly, it was Major Ridge who signed the New > > Echota treaty with Andrew Jackson, basically turning over the lands to the > > "white man", even though most Cherokees were against doing that. I think > > General Stand Watie signed with him. I do recall that the Cherokees were > very > > angry with him, and he was killed less than a year after he moved to > > Oklahoma. His son was also murdered. He is considered the biggest traitor > of > > the Cherokees'. > > > > Connie > > > > > > ==== OKGEN Mailing List ==== > > Volunteer Appreciation - take a moment to let others know. > > http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/board/rw/topics.rw.admin.volunteera > > > > > > > > ==== OKGEN Mailing List ==== > Oklahoma Vital Records Information - > http://www.rootsweb.com/~okgenweb/vital/vital.html > Oklahoma Census Records - > http://www.rootsweb.com/~okgenweb/census.htm > >

That's what I thought. And as I do not have a lot of factual information on my ancesters, I think it would be usless to try. But do know that my grandmother, b. Tenn. then lived in Ark. refused to take a land grant in Okla., as being part Indian. But you can tell by her picture, that she surely was. We have always joked about that. If grandma had just taken that grant, we might have all been oil millioniars. As I am the last twig on the tree, I never met any of my grandparents. Bonnie

I have heard from my parents and my mother's mother that we are part Cherokee also but have never been able to prove it as by the time I got interested in genealogy and heritage they were all gone. I believe someone was asking about College for Indian American's. I have a friend from the Computer User Group in Venice, FL that was out searching a cemetery for family and a gentleman walked up to her and asked her if she was Indian and she said no not that I know of. He then said well if you have family in this cemetery you have to be Indian. She got her college education paid for, but then she was able to prove she was indeed Indian. I have heard of the Trail of Tears since I was a kid and have seen several movies on it, it is just too bad that I was so young when all this talk of being Indian (note I did not say part Indian after reading what was sent I believe by Alli not sure) was going on and not interested in genealogy and at that time must admit I didn't like History very well, at least not what we were taught in CA, as that was where I went to school clear through High School. Since doing genealogy, I love history and have learned so much more than I ever did in School about it. All because of doing Genealogy!!!! Lois

Yes, all 3 betrayed their people. Their murders were heinous by today's standards. But, as the tribe/nation met out the punishment, I can't judge. When nations punish a person today, what method do they use? Thank you to everyone, who shared info. Carole Beth ----- Original Message ----- From: <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, January 13, 2003 11:16 PM Subject: Re: [OKGEN ] Re: OKGEN-D Video > In a message dated 1/13/2003 10:39:56 PM Central Standard Time, > [email protected] writes: > > > > Major Ridge played a big part in the Cherokee Nation and was executed for > > having sold land that he wasnt supposed to. (something like that). > > If I recall my history correctly, it was Major Ridge who signed the New > Echota treaty with Andrew Jackson, basically turning over the lands to the > "white man", even though most Cherokees were against doing that. I think > General Stand Watie signed with him. I do recall that the Cherokees were very > angry with him, and he was killed less than a year after he moved to > Oklahoma. His son was also murdered. He is considered the biggest traitor of > the Cherokees'. > > Connie > > > ==== OKGEN Mailing List ==== > Volunteer Appreciation - take a moment to let others know. > http://boards.ancestry.com/mbexec/board/rw/topics.rw.admin.volunteera > >

Rebecca The educational facilities are separate and yet the state of Minnesota has a program established with the Sioux [not sure which particular tribe] several different tribes of Sioux in the north, they provide educational needs on the University Campuses. I need to find out more about that since my curiosity got the best of me when I met my daughter's friend 2 years ago. My daughter was associated with a blood member who was 1/4th Sioux, [somehow] his expenses are being paid [in short] through the tribe to live on the campus in the Twin Cities of Minnesota while acquiring his degree. Don't forget our missing YORK if you find them all together. :o) Shelia >That's sort of what got me started on genealogy. Being a single mom for >years, I set out to prove my Indian heritage so that I may obtain medical >for myself and kids. That led to finding family, then to making websites, >and now to college to learn more about computers. I still haven't proven my >heritage and still have no medical insurance or help, but having fun >learning!

In a message dated 1/13/2003 11:54:40 PM Central Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > You had to live in Indian Territory and register with the Dawes Commission > >to be a tribal member. If you left the Territory it was the equivalent of > a > THanks, but by this I meant in 1907 or before. Leona

Actually, Alli, Idaho does acknowledge tribal cards. At least this part of Idaho up here in the North. If someone has a card and is not Coeur d'Alene tribe, they can still go to the Tribal Clinic in Benewah County for free. That's sort of what got me started on genealogy. Being a single mom for years, I set out to prove my Indian heritage so that I may obtain medical for myself and kids. That led to finding family, then to making websites, and now to college to learn more about computers. I still haven't proven my heritage and still have no medical insurance or help, but having fun learning! I'm not sure, but I think there is college help, too. But, the tribe has to have that organized and together to help. This one doesn't seem to. My son in law is CDA Tribe and is not getting any help from them for college. Becky ----- Original Message ----- From: "Alli" <[email protected]> > Rebecca, > A lot of this could also be answered on the mutual list we're on, but I > don't believe the Cherokee Tribe draws Oil money, but you could find out for > sure by connecting the Cherokee Nation of Okla. either via their web site or > by calling them. > I'm curious about the "benefits" your asking about. > There is no financial gain from living in the Cherokee Nation.......being a > tribal member helps you to get some medical, housing & food benefits & some > Educational. You have to live w/in the Cherokee Tribal boundaries to get any > help w/housing & food. Depending on the State you may or may not be > recognized (even as a Tribe member) to get any Medical (For instance: Idaho > doesn't acknowledge your tribal card, but Nevada does). There isn't any > money that you will get for being a Tribe member (from what I was told from > the office) and there are some scholarship's given out by the CNO & it may > help you get looked at more closely for Pell grants for College......but > doesn't guarantee them. > The "benefit" from being a Tribal member is what you learn & seek from your > heart.......not what you can gain for your wallet. > Alli :)

In a message dated 1/13/2003 8:59:12 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > Rebecca, > A lot of this could also be answered on the mutual list we're on, but I > don't believe the Cherokee Tribe draws Oil money, but you could find out > for > sure by connecting the Cherokee Nation of Okla. either via their web site > or > by calling them. > I'm curious about the "benefits" your asking about. > There is no financial gain from living in the Cherokee Nation.......being a > tribal member helps you to get some medical, housing &food benefits &some > Educational. You have to live w/in the Cherokee Tribal boundaries to get > any > help w/housing &food. Depending on the State you may or may not be > recognized (even as a Tribe member) to get any Medical (For instance: Idaho > doesn't acknowledge your tribal card, but Nevada does). There isn't any > money that you will get for being a Tribe member (from what I was told from > the office) and there are some scholarship's given out by the CNO &it may > help you get looked at more closely for Pell grants for College......but > doesn't guarantee them. > The "benefit" from being a Tribal member is what you learn &seek from your > heart.......not what you can gain for your wallet. > Alli :) Hang on Alli!! I am not asking this because I want to draw anything. Or line my pockets or whatever. I am just trying to get to the facts. Like I have explained in other emails. I had ALOT of people email me when I offered to do Dawes Rolls look ups and tell me that their Great Grandma was a Cherokee Princess who's father was the big Chief, and they could get oil money but havent bothered with it. etc etc.. I just asked the question to gain insight not gain financially from being a tribal member. Rebecca

In a message dated 1/13/2003 4:40:54 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > A survey showed that a large percentage of Americans claim Cherokee > heritage. Lots of people get into genealogy because they thing there are > benefits and a pot of gold at the end of the line. > Unless your people are on the Dawes Rolls you are not legally Indian. You > might have full blood Indian Heritage, but you will most likely not ever be > > legally a Cherokee. > A great lady explained it to me this way. > You had to live in Indian Territory and register with the Dawes Commission > to be a tribal member. If you left the Territory it was the equivalent of a > > German leaving his country and emigrating to the US, a foreign country.He > was > no longer eligible for German benefits. > Hope this helps, and if anyone can explain it better or if I am wrong, > please correct me.Leona Hello Leona. I am registered with the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma. My Grandfathers folks are on the Dawes Rolls. I get medical benifits even though I am NOT living in Oklahoma. I live in Oregon and have never been to Oklahoma. My sons and I get Medical, dental and optical care at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation here in Oregon. I can also go to any Federally recongized reservation and get medical treatment. That is the only thing I am qualified for not living in the Cherokee Nation. I do want to move there ASAP. Rebecca

In a message dated 1/13/2003 4:40:54 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > Hello, as far as Cherokees are concerned the quantum does not matter. I am > 1/16 and still receive medical/dental care and my son (1/32) received help > with his college and gets the same medical care. In fact I worked at > Hasting IHS hospital in Tahlequah and we treated people who were 1/512 > Cherokee. Hope this helps, Debbie Thank you! Rebcca

In a message dated 1/13/2003 4:40:54 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > I believe it does make a difference what degree of Cherokee you are . I > think you have to be 1/4 or more to recieve benefits such as medical , > school > and job training. > There is also housing assistance and food. > > Raymonda I am registered with the Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma and my sons and myself go to the doctor at the Warm Springs Indian Reservation in Oregon at no cost. My blood degree right now is less that 1-4 and we get medical. Rebecca

In a message dated 1/13/2003 4:40:54 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > Hi Rebecca, I am a Cherokee tribal member and have never received oil > royalties. I believe the only tribe in OK to get this are the Osage. As > far as benefits to living in the Cherokee Nation, it doesn't matter what > degree of blood you have, we are all treated the same. The major benefit > to > living in the Cherokee Nation is getting to live here. We have some > beautiful lands with lots of water. I love living here. > Debbie (Wa-do-lay-si) Thank you. What part do you live in? Rebecca

In a message dated 1/13/2003 10:39:56 PM Central Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > Major Ridge played a big part in the Cherokee Nation and was executed for > having sold land that he wasnt supposed to. (something like that). If I recall my history correctly, it was Major Ridge who signed the New Echota treaty with Andrew Jackson, basically turning over the lands to the "white man", even though most Cherokees were against doing that. I think General Stand Watie signed with him. I do recall that the Cherokees were very angry with him, and he was killed less than a year after he moved to Oklahoma. His son was also murdered. He is considered the biggest traitor of the Cherokees'. Connie

In a message dated 1/13/2003 1:40:50 PM Pacific Standard Time, [email protected] writes: > Great, I am glad then. I don't remember Cherokees being in Texas. I heard > of it, but studying the how and why, etc, no. Of course, this told from > the > Indian perspective. > Carole Beth Chief Bowles took his people down into Texas where he was murdered. He son was also killed there. I will copy and paste the story. Rebecca BOWL (ca. 1756-1839). Chief Bowl (also known as Duwali, Diwal'li, Chief Bowles, Colonel Bowles, Bold Hunter, and the Bowl), the principal chief of the Cherokees in Texas, was born in North Carolina around 1756. He was the son of a Scottish father and a full-blooded Cherokee mother. Duwali was leader of a village at Little Hiwassee (in western North Carolina). In 1791 he signed the Treaty of Holston, and in 1805 he signed an unauthorized cession treaty, a move that proved unpopular with the majority of Cherokees. In early 1810, to access better hunting ground and to escape growing pressures of settlement in the southern states, he and his band moved across the Mississippi River and settled in the St. Francis River valley, near New Madrid, Missouri. In 1812-13 his people moved into northwestern Arkansas, south of the Arkansas River, and in 1819 they once more moved on, stopping briefly in southwestern Arkansas and at the three forks of the Trinity River before settling north of Nacogdoches. In Texas Chief Bowl became the primary "civil" chief or "peace chief" of a council that united several Cherokee villages. In 1822 he sent diplomatic chief Richard Fields to Mexico to negotiate with the Spanish government for a land grant or title to land occupied by Cherokees in East Texas. In 1827 he cooperated with the Mexican government in putting down the Fredonian Rebellion.qv In 1833 he made another attempt to secure from the Mexican government land on the Angelina, Neches, and Trinity rivers, but negotiations were interrupted by political unrest in Texas. In February of 1836 Sam Houstonqv negotiated a treaty with Bowl's council, guaranteeing the tribe possession of lands occupied in East Texas. After the Texas Revolution,qv however, the treaty was invalidated by the Senate of the Republic of Texas.qv In desperation, Bowl briefly allied with agents soliciting allies for a Mexican reinvasion of Texas. Shortly thereafter, President Mirabeau B. Lamarqv ordered him and his people to leave Texas. After negotiations failed, Bowl mobilized his warriors to resist expulsion. On July 16, 1839, Chief Bowl was killed in the battle of the Neches.qv On this site, the scene of the last engagement between the Cherokees and whites in Texas, the state of Texas erected a marker in 1936. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Mary Whatley Clarke, Chief Bowles and the Texas Cherokees (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1971). Dianna Everett, The Texas Cherokees: A People between Two Fires, 1819-1840 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990). Dorman Winfrey, "Chief Bowles and the Texas Cherokees," Chronicles of Oklahoma 32 (Spring 1954). E. W. Winkler, "The Cherokee Indians in Texas," Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association 7 (October 1903). Albert Woldert, "The Last of the Cherokees in Texas and the Life and Death of Chief Bowles," Chronicles of Oklahoma 1 (June 1923). The Story of Chief Bowles Duwa'li on the St. Francis River <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> The Bowles (Duwa'li, or Chief Bowles), was born in North Carolina about 1756. He was an auburn haired, blue eyed, half blood Scotch Cherokee. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> It is said that settlers from a North Carolina settlement killed Bowles father when Bowls was a young boy and that the vengeful fourteen year old killed his fathers murderers. After that he hated all white people. The Bowl was in the prime of manhood age, thirty two, when he became town Chief of Running Water. One of the five lower towns of Chattanooga Tennessee. This became the rendezvous for many Cherokee chiefs. Bowles being one of them and all of them hating whites. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> In June 1794 they attacked some emigrants who were on their way down the Tennessee River to the western settlement at Mussel Shoals. The boat was loaded with valuable merchandise. William Scott, owner of the boat, was aboard along with five other men, three women, four children, and twenty slaves. As it passed down the Tennessee, the Cherokee attacked it. One hundred and fifty Indians then gathered and pursued the boat to Mussel Shoals, where they took it over. The Reverend Cephas Washburn, an early missionary to the Cherokees, recalled that while the Indians were camped on the river, several boats came down the river and stopped at the head of the Shoals. Scott and Stewart had a supply of goods that they wanted to trade to the Indians. After hearing that the Cherokee had real money they invited them onboard the boat. They gave them as much whiskey as they could drink. The whole time they planed on taking advantage of them after they got drunk. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> The Indians eagerly bought items at a very high price. They did not stop trading until the money was all gone. After sobering up, Bowles and his men realized that they had been duped by the white men. Bowles then took all of the merchandise back and tried to get their money back. Bowles was ordered off the boat. The warriors wanted immediate revenge, but Bowles wanted to settle it peacefully. Taking two of his warriors he tried again, warning the traders that they would fight if the money was not returned. Stewart and Scott attacked the three Indians, killing one. Bowles escaped but soon returned and killed the remaining white men on the boat. They did not harm the women, children or the slaves. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> Afraid of what his tribe would think about the massacre, since the Cherokee Indians were supposed to be abiding by a treaty of amity with the whites, Bowles and his men descended down the Tennessee, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to the mouth of the St. Francis River in the boats. There they placed all the white women and children in one boat, gave each of the married ladies a female servant, put on board an ample stock of provisions and four strong and able black men and let them descend the Mississippi to New Orleans, the place of their destination. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> Bowles and his men then continued up the St. Francis to await results. The Cherokees in Tennessee went to the government and said they had nothing to do with the killings. They placed the entire blame on Bowles, and said they would help to find and arrest him. When Bowles learned that he was in disfavor of his people, he decided to make his home in Missouri and settled on the St. Francis. In time many more Cherokees joined him. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> After the government investigated the whole massacre they said it was felt that the Cherokees were fully justified in what they did. <http://rosecity.net/cherokee/space.gif> Chief Bowles and his people lived in the valley of the St. Francis in southeast Missouri until 1811. During that year there was a violent earthquake. The ground shook and sank in many places. The Bowles and many of his people thought that the Great Spirit was warning them to move. Many then moved to Arkansas. Other Cherokees began to move to Arkansas and by 1813 about one third of the Eastern tribe was living west of the Mississippi. * History of the Cherokee Indians by Emmet Scott * Cherokee Sunset by Carter * Chief Bowles and the Texas Cherokee by Mary Clark