------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 1-Feb-99 16:05 Subject: Early Roads VIII ------------------------------------------------------------------ Roads Folder -to Ohio/Kentucky ============================================================ ORIGINALLY: THE RIVER The original migration by most of the Brethren settlers moving west was on the Ohio River. Brethren from Eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Northern Virginia started on the old Braddock's Army Road from Cumberland MD, or Forbe's Road from Bedford County PA, going to the Forks of the Ohio at Pittsburg. Many went to Elder George Wolfe at Redstone, on the Monongahela River, where he built flatboats, good flatboats, that would take them safely down the river. The Redstone Settlement was just up the road from old Fort Necessity where our first President, George Washington, had saved soldiers, and Brethren teamsters, when General Braddock was killed. >From Southern Virginia and the Yadkin in North Carolina, most of the Brethren followed the Kanawha Trace, the old Shawnee Indian War Path, down the New River to below the Falls of the Kanawha where the Gauley River entered and it was now called the Kanawha. The River became safe to travel. There they built their flatboats and floated down the Kanawha to Point Pleasant, down the Ohio to the new lands west. What is a flatboat? It is whatever they could put together. Some were big and strong and might even carry several families. Some barely held together, or were small. Even if it was his best it might prove not adequate for the trip ahead. It was a flat bottom boat, mostly rectangular in shape, with high sides and possibly a flat roofed cabin toward the back. A sweep formed the rudder to the rear and one of the men travelled on the roof and used the sweep to guide the flatboat as it traveled down with the current. Everything went into the flatboat, the horses and wagons, all the family's goods, as it traveled to the new lands to the west. Maybe it was easier to travel down the river than to go on land, but it was not safe. There were dead-heads: fallen trees, tops gone, hung up in the river totally underwater, but the end pointing upstream would sometimes be raised by the current, till it would breach the surface and punch a hole in the coming flatboat. In low water there were rocks and even rapids in the river which had to be navigated correctly. There were the falls at Louisville, where the river drops 24 feet in 4 miles, most settlers stopped there. Many stopped at Maysville on the Kentucky shore, some stopped at Cincinnati in Ohio Territory. Some hardy travelers ran the Falls in their flatboats, and continued downstream to the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers, some went on to Illinois and Missouri. And always there were the Indians. The migration of the white man was invasion of Indian country. White man drove off the game animals. He destroyed the forest. He destroyed the Indian customs and life. He claimed a small section of the land, of the forest, for himself. He killed the trees and opened it to bare ground. The Indian knew that the land belonged to all people and was shared. No man had the right to destroy it. So from the start, each struggled to protect his own way of life. The flatboat had to tie up to the shore at night, it was too dangerous to travel in the dark, and the family liked to stretch its legs after the tiring day. A cooked meal tasted good, and fresh meat added to family provisions. The Indian was watching the passing flatboat, they could attack it where it stopped. A captive might be used to lure the boat close for attack and capture. An arrow might fall from the forest cover to stick in the wood or even injure or kill man or animal. Sometimes there would be a sneak attack with warriors suddenly coming over the sides of the boat, especially if it were too near the shore. There was Three Islands (Manchester OH), where the river narrowed as it passed between the islands, the Indians often caught the men working the sweeps too hard, intent on the passage between the islands, to watch for attacking Indians. These were hazards of the trip, known, faced and normally avoided or overcome. Some died, many arrived at Limestone, and Bullskin Landing, at Cincinnati and the Falls. Brethren settlements were made where good lands were found. There were no good farmlands above the hills on the Ohio, not till you came to the Great Sandy River in Kentucky. Just below that was Limestone (now Maysville KY), where the trace went south to Blue Lick Springs and the Brethren Settlements on the Kentucky River, and Zane's Trace came down from up at Fort Henry (Wheeling). The lands were rough, not suitable for farming on the Ohio side, even across from Limestone, good land could only be found far up the Zane's Trace, up near John Countryman's settlement. At Bullskin Landing, Bullskin Creek made a deep shelter cove up into the hills along the River. The Indians used it, to store their canoes, for crossing to the Kaintuck shore. It was used was so frequent, that a major Indian Road went from the Bullskin to Old Chillicothe (near Xenia OH) and on from there clear to the British Fort Detroit. This became a common goal for the Brethren migrant, since here, for the first time, was found good farmland within reasonable distance from the river, and Brethren Congregations were soon found here. Cincinnati was between the Little Miami River and the Great Miami River, both coming from far inland in Ohio Territory. Early settlements grew up on both Rivers, and the Brethren quickly came. Across the River was the mouth of the Licking River which went down into settled areas of Kaintuck. Brethren were found there, but no churches are known. Downstream from Cincinnati, the Kentucky River comes in from the south near Madison IN. The Brethren had settled upstream on it, where there was good farmland. Soon Brethren were across the river, the first Brethren Church in Indiana Territory. At the Falls, the Brethren found good farmland back from the River, Elk Creek and the branches of the Salt River. So many migrants stopped because of the Falls on the Ohio, a healthy church grew up here, and some moved across the river westward into Indiana Territory, to the Blue and Patoka River valleys. Some later Brethren moved up the Wabash River to Brethren settlement in the Ladoga congregation of western Indiana, but early migration went south up the Green River to the Rhodes Settlement in Muhlenberg Co KY and on up the Barren River to the Dutch Settlement near Bowling Green KY. Henry Rhodes of Brothers Valley PA (possibly a minister) and Elder John Hendricks of the Yadkin in NC, both led early settlements to this country. Famous here is Elder George Wolfe, son of the Flatboat Builder at Redstone PA, who led settlements of the Brethren into Illinois and Missouri, the Far Western Brethren. Most of the Brethren migration by flatboat ended with the opening of the Old National Road across Ohio (1827), then across Indiana and Illinois to St Louis, Missouri, by 1837. It had lasted about 50 years as a route of migration, and with the advent of the Steamboat, it continued to move Brethren on west, to the Mississippi and on to the Missouri. ============================================================ Merle Rummel Church Historian ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F180B0006NGHH_S6121 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

Hi Everyone, Well my trips and such this week will be delayed for at least three days. We had these mice that snuck into our drop ceiling over my computer. The CAT's decided to chase them and so all my papers, shelves, books, you get the idea are all in a LARGE mess on the floor. It will take time to sort out the mess. To add to the confusion they dumped my "Finished" box as well so the sorting will take even longer. Please be patient and I am considering cages for each of the little darlings. Maggie !^NavFont02F01970007NGHHH9875C3 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

Searching for Isaac DeWitt who was married to Marion Hastings perhaps around 1870. Marion Hastings appears as the oldest child of Waitstill and Elizabeth Hastings in the 1870 census and living in Sandusky City. Marion and Isaac had at least 2 children John C., my grandfather who went to Stamford,Connecticut in the late 1890s and Jean whose birth record is recorded in the Erie cty Probate records. We cannot find any records of John C. DeWitt in Ohio probably born around 1871 or any records or verification of his father. We have the Sandusky newspaper account of Marion Hastings DeWitt's death in Detroit in 1927and her burial in Sandusky. We have not verified her husband's name. Marion DeWitt was listed as a widow in a Sandusky City directory around 1882 and living at her father's home . Any help is appreciated. Edward DeWitt and Kathy Mortenson

Hello, I know this is a long shot but I can't get past this dead end. I'd be very greatful if someone can help. THOMAS MILLS b. about 1808 in Erie county His parents were JOHN MILLS and MARGARET MCCOLLUM. Thomas' siblings were LUCH JANE MILLS & JAMES R. MILLS Any info (maybe someone has an early census?) would be greatly appreciated. Thank you in advance Debbie jjure@aol.com

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 31-Jan-99 23:33 Subject: [OHIO] Wyandot - Marion From: Allen Potts <allenp19@IDT.NET> ------------------------------------------------------------------ To night I have uploaded The Township History of Crane and Upper Sandusky, Ohio - This chapter contains the history as well as biographic sketches. This is the first chapter of Township Histories from the Wyandot County History 1884 - I will be scanning and uploading the additional chaperts over the next few weeks. I also hope to complete the extraction of Volume 9 Marion County, Ohio marriages in the next week. For those that have family histories from Marion, Morrow and Wyandot Countie that would like to share them with other reserchers please send me along a GEDCOM. I will upload it to the site under your name and email link. Al http://idt.net/~allenp19 http://www.genweb.net/~leesue !^NavFont02F03290006NGHHJq4115

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 31-Jan-99 17:20 Subject: Early Roads VI ------------------------------------------------------------------ Roads Folder -Pennsylvania to Canada ============================================================ VI. THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the struggle for power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is movement and transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in Philadelphia. No road beyond the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried into shaking and jaring to the steel-rimmed wagon. The roads of necessity wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse. But America moved west. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= THE CANADA ROAD The early Brethren moved north on the Susquehanna River into Northumberland Co PA near or soon after the time of the Revolutionary War. There was a trace along the River, there were also a couple traces from the Tulpehocken and from Reading across the ridge into the Shamokin Valley. In 1800, the King opened up settlement in Upper Canada (now Ontario). The land was available cheap, in "Lots" of 200 acres, by Concessions of 35 lots, in each of a number of townships and counties. There was considerable Mennonite, Brethren and River Brethren migration to Lincoln County (between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario -next to the Niagara Falls); Vaughan twp, York Co (north-west of Toronto); and near Kitchener. Many Brethren from Brother's Valley (Somerset Co), Northumberland Co (Shamokin, West Branch and Lycoming Valleys) and Southern Pennsylvania areas went up. In the east, there are two known mainly parallel roads, used to go to Canada. [Mennonite Quarterly Review, January 1929] a notebook by Joseph Bowman of Waterloo ONT ------------------------------- Description of the road from Reading to Waterloo Township, Halton County, Upper Canada. Joseph Bowman, started September the 4th, 1817, and arrived in Waterloo, October the 2nd 1817. From Reading to: miles (located) Kergerstown .................... 10 (?near Hamburg PA) Orwigsburg .................... 11 (east of Pottsville) Sunbury ....................... 47 Northumberland ................ 2 Milltown ...................... 12 (Milton PA) Bensborough ................... 14 (?Muncy PA) Muncy Creek ................... 2 Williamsport .................. 12 Heur's tavern ................. 17 (?Roaring Branch PA) Blockhouse .................... 14 (?Covington PA) Peters Camp ................... 12 (?Tioga PA) Widow Berry ................... 18 (?Presho NY) Addam Hart .................... 6 (?Gang Mills NY) Thomas Mayberry ............... 20 (Bath NY) Robert Patterson .............. 6 (?Avoca NY) Mulhollans tavern ............. 20 (?Wayland NY) Dreisbachs tavern ............. 3 (?Springwater NY) Bigtree ....................... 15 (Hemlock NY) Genasee River ................. 7 (Avon NY) Calladony Town ................ 7 (Caladonia NY) Davis' tavern ................. 4 Leroyl ........................ 3 (Le Roy NY) Battavia ...................... 11 Richardson's tavern ........... 11 (?Pembroke NY) Hersy's tavern ................ 15 (?Harris Hill NY) Buffalo ....................... 14 Blackrock ferry ............... 2 John Boyer .................... 10 (?Black Creek ONT) Falls ......................... 8 Jacob Myer .................... 20 Carpenter's tavern ............ 13 (?Stoney Creek ONT) Dundass ....................... 18 (edge of Hamilton) John Erb's Mill (Preston) ...... 23 --------- Miles ................ 429 The western road went from Reading to Sunbury (PA 61), followed the West Branch of the Susquehanna (PA 405/I took I-180), then up the Lycoming Creek from Williamsport to Roaring Branch (US 15/PA 14), and across the mountains to Blossburg (mountain road, good), to Tioga, to Corning NY (US 15). In New York, the west route followed the wide valley of the Chemung River, going northwest (NY 17/NY 415) to Wayland where they turned north along Hemlock Lake to "Big Tree" -probably Hemlock NY, on the north end of the Finger Lake (NY 15A). >From Hemlock NY it went to Avon, to Caladonia (NY 5), to Batavia, to Buffalo NY (NY 33) were they ferried the Niagara River above the Falls. West of there, above the Escarpment (the cause of the Falls) was the settlement of the Brethren and River Brethren. For those going on, the road went along the River to beyond the Falls, where it angled northwest to St Catherines ONT and on to Hamilton. Those going to Kitchener followed ONT 8 directly from Hamilton. For those going to Vaughan, they followed the lake shore to beyond Mississauga and headed north on the Royal York Road and Jane Street. Vaughan twp was mentioned as 20 miles from the docks at Toronto, which is a considerable distance by horse. ------------------ Joseph Bowman started from Waterloo, February the 9th, 1819, and arrived in Reading, February the 27th 1819. >From John Erb's Mill to Jacob Myer .................... 60 (going to be hunting Cadareenstown (St Cathrines) ... 8 these locations next Queenstown .................... 12 week when I go up to Morehous's tavern ............. 25 Buffalo) Olarged Creek ................. 13 `Tillanson's tavern ............ 28 Rochester ..................... 11 Pitsford ...................... 8 Cannandaigua .................. 21 Benyang (Penn Yang) ........... 22 (Penn Yang NY) Head of Sennaka Lake .......... 30 (Watkins Glen NY) Coryell's tavern .............. 7 (?Milport NY) New Town ...................... 15 (Elmira NY) Lowman's tavern ............... 7 (Lowman NY) Tioga point ................... 14 (Greens Landing PA) Shaw's tavern ................. 6 (?Ulster PA) Brown's tavern ................ 27 (Browntown -Wyalusing) Smith's Ferry ................. 30 (?Eatonville PA) Wilksberry .................... 20 (Wilkes-Barre PA) Rack's tavern ................. 17 Mirwein's tavern .............. 16 Dreisbach's Mill .............. 6 Lehigh Water Gap .............. 12 (?Palmerton PA) Richard's Tavern .............. 8 Kutstown ...................... 6 (Kutztown PA) Reading ....................... 17 --------- Miles ............... 458 Spending Money ........... $22.53 ------------------------------------------- The eastern road went from Reading to Allentown PA to Wilkes- Barre, where it followed the Susquehanna River (US 6/US 220) to Elmira NY. (well -the reverse direction!) It went north from Elmire to the head of Lake Senneca (NY 14), then angled west to Penn Yang (NY 14A) to Canandaigua at the mouth of Lake Canandaigua (?NY 364), to Pittsford (US 20/PA 64) and into Rochester NY. >From Rochester NY, it went west in the Lake plains (probably staying below the Escarpment, but not necessarily) to Lewiston NY on the Niagara River (possibly NY 104, the old Ridge Road). Lewiston was a regular ferry point across the Niagara River below the Falls, going to St Catherines and the shore road to Hamilton ONT. From there it followed various routes to the destination desired. (I followed the western route, plotting the locations: 1998) ============================================================ Merle Rummel Church Historian ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F1DCF0007NGHHdD04683

----------------------------------------------------------------- FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 31-Jan-99 13:20 Subject: Query for Erie Co., Ohio ------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME: Mike Weeks EMAIL: mweeks@kinware.com DATE:1999-1-31 URL: QRYTEXT: Looking for any record of Ezra Weeks living or buried in Erie County. Wife Jane and son John b. 1859. !^NavFont02F01550007NGHHH57C95C

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 31-Jan-99 7:36 Subject: Query for Erie Co., Ohio ------------------------------------------------------------------ NAME: Patricia Sowders EMAIL: paraleipis@aol.com DATE:1999-1-31 URL: QRYTEXT: CABLE I AM INTERESTED IN HISTORY OF HOME AT 910 WEST MONROE STREET. PICTURES OF HOME INTERIOR HAVE BEEN IMPOSSIBLE TO FIND. !^NavFont02F016F0007NGHHH718172 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 30-Jan-99 19:19 Subject: Early Roads V ------------------------------------------------------------------ Roads Folder -more on Western Pennsylvania ============================================================ V. THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the struggle for power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is movement and transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in Philadelphia. No road beyond the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried into shaking and jaring to the steel-rimmed wagon. The roads of necessity wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse. But America moved west. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= FORBES' ROAD The French and Indian war (1754-1763), the colonial aspects of the Seven Years War between Britain and France was continuing. With the defeat and death of General Braddock, the frontier flamed with Indian atrocities. His objective, the capture of Fort Duquesne, at Pittsburg PA, was still important. In 1758, a second expedition was formed under Brigadier John Forbes, again with Col George Washington in assistance. The Army left Philadelphia on the Old Wagon Road going west. The Road went through Lancaster PA and York PA to the frontier settlements of Gettysburg and Waynesboro. From Gettysburg, Forbes Road went southward along PA 116 to near Fountain Dale where it is taken up by PA 16 to Waynesboro, Greencastle, and Mercersburg to Cove Gap and McConnelsburg. The destination was Coves Gap south of Fort Loudon, where they crossed through the ridge into the great valleys and ridges of central Pennsylvania >From McConnelsburg they had to widen the settler traces and Indian trails across Sideling Hill to Fort Bedford, to move their wagons and cannon. For its full length Forbes Road was close to the route of US 30. >From Fort Bedford the Army had to cut their own road. In true military method, they refused to allow any higher grounds above them, going always to the highest land around. They followed the heights south of the stream going out of Bedford to the southwest, then turn sharply northward, crossing US 30 and passing directly through the now Shawnee State Park. Staying on the heights to the north of US 30, they crossed the Allegheny Front, taking one full day to climb the mountain. Coming down into Somerset County, they trod the road now in front of the Brethren Camp Harmony, passed the south edge of Quemahoning Reservoir, and at the town of Boswell turned north to Laural Mountain. They came down on the ridge just south of Waterford PA and hit PA 711 just north of Ligonier PA, marching into the town area along that roadway. Here they built a major fort (rebuilt partially on the site). The outer works included the diamond downtown, about 4 blocks away (about 2 blocks wide) from the inner works on the banks above Loyalhanna Creek. The fort was log walled, with an abattis of pointed logs angling outward at the base. (The logs of an abattis are spaced so close together that a person cannot squeeze between them. This effectively prohibited an attack on the fort wall till openings were made in the abattis. This forced the engineering corps to attempt to chop an opening through the abattis, while being fired down upon by the soldiers on the wall above.) The French and Indian Army attacked British Army, coming from the Cemetery Hill southwest of town, coming across the meadow to Loyalhanna Creek at the fort, the British this time won the victory. Forbes used forced marches to get to Fort Duquesne, but no road was cleared, and historians do not know the exact route. Likely it was near the Loyalhanna, using the water gap through Chestnut Ridge, to Latrobe, passing near the later Bushy Run Battlefield (of Pontiac's War -where he hit a supply train). They entered the present city area through Turtle Creek, and from the ridge at Oakland, they saw the burning ruins of old Fort Duquesne (which they had hoped to invest before it could be destroyed, to save reconstruction). On its foundations, they built Fort Pitt. Settlers and later travelers rerouted the Forbes road to more accessible approaches, going around hills and finding easier fords over the rivers. At different times the various "Forbes" roads covered areas some 30 miles across. The final one of these is today's US 30, being normally only a few miles away from the original Army Road, usually south. Forbes Road was used by the Brethren as a better alternate route into several areas of Brethren settlement: Morrison's Cove, Brother's Valley. Its main use by the Frontier Settler was to reach Fort Pitt and the Ohio River, where they could build flatboats for migration down the Ohio to the Western Frontier. [researched by Camp Harmony Trail Camp and the Boy Scouts] papers and information are at the Ligonier (PA) Library =========================================================== Merle Rummel Church Historian ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F162F0006NGHH]wB039 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 30-Jan-99 14:10 Subject: Collins From: "B I F" INTERNET:bernief@pionet.net To: Maggie Stewart-Zimmerman 73777,25 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Bernie Friesth bernief@pionet.net DATE: 01/20/99 I am looking for information on My Grandfather Charles Wesley COLLINS. The only information I have on him is that he was born on December14, 1866 in Sandusky, Ohio. His parents were Wesley Samuel Collins. when born ? In Sandusky, Ohio and buried in Ohio. Samuel married Elisabeth Ellen SCHNURR. Born in Philadelphia. When ? When married ? They had four children My Grandfather Charles Collins, Susan Collins, Samuel Collins, and Frank Collins. They were all born in Sandusky,Ohio I would appreciate any information from Ohio. Thank-you Bernie Friesth my e-mail is bernief@pionet.net !^NavFont02F03140006NGHHJ]8AE4 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 30-Jan-99 14:08 Subject: Erie County Surname Registration ------------------------------------------------------------------ Lisa Grissom GRISSOM000@aol.com DATE: 01/30/99 Surnames: LATTIMORE, TURNER, SHERBROOK, HESSLER, BECHTEL QRYTEXT: LATTIMORE, Mary b. April 9, 1862 in Sandusky County, OH or Erie Co OH. SHERBROOK, Reuban b. abt. 1860 d. in KS bet 1885-1887. m. Mary Lattimore July 24, 1880 HESSLER, Edna Margrata daughter of Loren Z. HESSLER and Sophia BECHTEL, b. 1892 in Sandusky, Erie Co OH m. Rolland D. SHERBROOK TURNER Thank you, LISA GRISSOM Grissom000@aol.com !^NavFont02F02480007NGHHI4A0EC5 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 30-Jan-99 12:45 Subject: Erie County Surname Registration ------------------------------------------------------------------ Shirley Kittle Newbold newbolds@home.com DATE: 01/30/99 Researching Andrew Stevens CUMMINGS who had grocery in Sandusky in early part of 20th century. Son of James Cummings and Rachel STEVENS. My grandfather, James Hoyt Cummings, their oldest, was born in Milan. Any help on James and Rachel's ancestors gratefully accepted. Shirley Kittle Newbold newbolds@home.com !^NavFont02F02070006NGHHIP30F6 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 30-Jan-99 8:10 Subject: Early Roads IV ------------------------------------------------------------------ Another section of my Roads Folder -Western Pennsylvania ============================================================ III. THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the struggle for power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is movement and transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in Philadelphia. No road beyond the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried into shaking and jaring to the steel-rimmed wagon. The roads of necessity wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse. But America moved west. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= BRADDOCK'S ROAD Major General Edward Braddock, of the Coldstream Guards, was Supreme Commander of the British Forces in the American Colonies at the start of the French and Indian War, 1754-1763, the colonial phase of the Seven Years War between England and France, fought world wide. In an attempt to deter the Indian massacres and raids into the frontier settlements in the middle colonies, he determined to take the French Fort Duquesne (Pittsburg), at the forks of the Ohio River. In 1755, with an army of 1400 British Regulars and a militia of 700 provinicals under Lieut Col George Washington, he moved up the Baltimore Road to Frederick MD. There he took the settlers road through Middletown Valley to Hagerstown, and on to the frontier Fort Frederick, on the Potomac River. Under the guidance of the Colonial Scouts, following the path used by Col George Washington only the year before, he started for Fort Duquesne. The army had to cut their own road for the wagons and cannon. They went west, through Cumberland MD (old Fort Cumberland). They passed the tiny Fort Necessity, where Col Washington had escaped with his troops after surrendering to the French, just the year before. From the Redstone Creek (Uniontown), the army headed due north until it crossed the Youghiogheny River. It then followed the Monongahela River toward the Fort. At the town of Braddock, some 7 miles from Old Fort Duquesne (now called: the Point), there in a ravine, the British Army was ambushed by a combined French and Indian force, a slaughter ensued. The colonia militia was able to be reasonably clear -they knew how to fight the Indians. The British Regulars were destroyed. The remnants of the Army fled along the route of its approach. General Braddock, having been mortally injured in the fight, died and was buried in the road at Great Meadows, east of now Uniontown PA, about a mile from little Fort Necessity. His grave was covered and run over by the remaining wagons, to hide it from discovery by the enemy. Braddocks Road is essentially followed by US 40 from Frederick MD through Hagarstown MD, Cumberland MD to Grantsville MD and into Pennsylvania, past Fort Necessity National Battlefield, to Uniontown PA. There Braddock's Road went north to Pittsburg, the route now followed by US 51. The colonial Fort Frederick, the only stone fort on the frontier, is standing, a State Park on the banks of the Potomac River, about 15 miles west of Hagarstown MD. I-70 parallels Braddocks Road from Frederick to Hancock MD, I-66 continues on west through Cumberland MD to Grantsville and beyond, paralleling Braddocks Road that far. The early Brethren used Braddock's Road to move into western Pennsylvania. Settlements were already off the trace at the Antietam and Conococheague (East and West of Hagarstown). Brethren settlers moved north from the Road into Morrison's Cove and the Valleys of the Juniata, into Brother's Valley and Somerset County, and west from Uniontown to Fort Redstone on the Monongehela (now Brownsville PA) and on west to Washington Co PA. Elder George Wolfe and sons were only one of several at Fort Redstone, who built flatboats on the Monongehela River, for migration down the Ohio to the Western Frontier. This route was followed by the builders of the Cumberland Road, taking it through Old Fort Redstone to the Ohio River at Fort Henry (Wheeling) by 1818. This route is followed by US 40. ============================================================ Merle Rummel Church Historian ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F13EF0007NGHHZF071AF Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 28-Jan-99 11:14 Subject: Early Roads ------------------------------------------------------------------ Since publication of my Kanawha Trace and some other Migration Routes, several people have made requests about different of the Roads used by the early settlers. I used the Winter Storm time, to work on descriptions about these, for a paper for my page at <www.cob-net.org> I'll be sending it to Ron Gordon, but I'll place these on the List, as a series for you to read while I'm trying to get the full paper finished. (I don't know Northern Ohio, that well!) I was interested in the Great Pennsylvania Wagon Road paper that was passed on the List a month ago, it was very close to what I was putting together for my paper --but then, its the same road. I do have a few differences in what I wrote, and at least one disagreement (my Brethren research has the Carolina Road as a branch off the Great Wagon Road). But Mr Cherry included a number of interesting details that I didn't know. ============================================================ THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the Struggle for Power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are Economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is Movement and Transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in the streets of Philadelphia. No road, outside the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried hard, shaking and jaring the iron-rimmed wagon wheels. In the forest, roads wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse; but America moved west. One interesting story from the Bechtelsheimer Family, tells how they were moving from Ten Mile Creek, east of Cincinnati to the Illinois River in north central Illinois about 1840. Part of the family took wagons and drove the livestock across Indiana (likely on the same Delaware Indian Road), while the others of the family took steamer down the Ohio to Cairo, up the Mississippi to St Louis, then up the Illinois River to near Peoria. The distance for the cross-country trip was about 350 miles, the distance for the river trip was considerably over 800 miles. The story ends with those in the wagons, knowing they were nearing the Illinois River and hearing the whistle of a steamboat on the River, wondering to themselves how they were going to find the rest of the family. When they reached the landing, they discovered their own kin getting off the steamboat. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. There was considerable travel and communication among kin in distant communities. People who had to "go back home" for any reason, hand carried messages from all the neighbors, to their different families and friends. A "letter" from home was normal -at least once or twice a year, even though home was in eastern Pennsylvania, and the family might live in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois or even Iowa. The "letter" would consist of a single sheet of paper, written on both sides, except for that part which, after folding, would carry the address, like an envelope. Paper was not cheap or readily available, and the "letter" still existant is offtimes very interesting. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= MONOCACY ROAD One of the earliest migration routes used by the Brethren of Pennsylvania was the Monocacy Road. It was plotted by Colony decree, by the Dunker, Michael Danner, one of the earliest settlers west of the Susquehanna River in York Co PA (then Lancaster Co) and prominent in the border dispute between the colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania. (He was taken to Baltimore and thrown in jail, by Thomas Cresaps, a Maryland undersheriff, alledgedly because he was living illegally in Maryland territory. It took action by the Governor of Pennsylvania to obtain his release.) The Monocacy Road was used extensively by the Brethren as they moved out of Pennsylvania into Maryland, but often they followed it going to the Carolinas and Tennesse, and finally as they settled the Valley of Virginia. The Monocacy Road is closely followed by US 30 from Lancaster through York PA. There it headed more south, going first to Hanover (PA 116) and Littlestown (PA 194). Going on into Maryland to Taneytown (MD 194), it crossed the Big and Little Pipe Creeks, (Pipe Creek and Beaver Dam Churches) just above their juncture (sources to the Monocacy River), near the property of the pioneer, John VanMeter. Then it went to Woodsboro and on to the Monocacy River, at the mouth of Isreal Creek, where now MD 26, the Libertytown Road, crosses the Monocacy, going into Frederick, where Jacob Danner lived. Did Michael Danner make a road to the home of his son, Jacob, in Maryland? or did Jacob Danner follow his father's road down to find a new home in Maryland? Time will tell. The huge Brethren migration into the area produced interesting results: East in this area of Maryland is one road named: Germanland Road. In those early days, east of that line (road) was the English settlement (EnglishLand) and west of it was the German settlement: GermanLand. >From Frederick MD the Brethren crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains through Noland's Gap into Middletown Valley, where a Brethren settlement was under the leadership of Elder Daniel Leatherman. They crossed South Mountain through Turner's Gap into the Antietam Creek Valley, where the Brethren settled under William Stover. This was the route of the British army, under General Braddock, going to Hagarstown and Cumberland on his way to Pittsburg, and death. This was the route of the Union Army to the battlefield at the Dunker Church there on Antietam Creek. ============================================================ Merle C Rummel Church Historian <www.cob-net.org/docs/brethrenlife.htm> <www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/pioneer.html> <www.rootsweb.com/~ohclermo/materials.htm#StonelickChurch> !^NavFont02F18BA0007NGHH_BBACC5 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

Hi All, I am going to be out of town for the weekend so if you don't get a response right away don't worry. I will leave my mail autoretrieve on but sometimes it goes nuts so if the mailbox fills up don't worry either. LeaAnn could you send me a copy of that RICH death cert to put into the archives as I seem to have misplaced it. I have the files up in the archives but don't have time to do a Table of Contents until I get home later this weekend. To the person wanting the Powell Pictures go to http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/oh/franklin/pics/ and click on the image with Powell in the name. They are jpgs. There are also various Franklin County maps there that have not been fine tuned but you all are welcome to play and let me know what you think. Also the picture called franklin1.jpg is a map of townships with major towns indicated. As to the other files you can check out the ftp directory at ftp://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/oh/franklin/ and once you get there you choose the category of your choice and browse around. Enjoy and there is more coming your way. BTW, Medina County is next on my list. Maggie !^NavFont02F03970016NGHHH8DNHC0HIE0NJWHJ99A6F9 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 29-Jan-99 17:28 Subject: fultz family ------------------------------------------------------------------ Willie K. Fultz wkf@nwonline.net DATE: 01/29/99 Surnames: fultz - sprague - lippert - deshetler - nick - altweis - griffin - kettermeier - carroll I am looking to establish information for the fultz family in sandusky and the surrounding area. the following names are associated, fultz - sprague - lippert - deshetler - nick - altweis - griffin - kettermeier - carroll. my father was frank l fultz of clyde, oh, grandfather albert of clyde, oh, greatgrandfather was casper fultz born: germany 1836, immigrated to usa in 1864. willie k fultz clyde, oh email: wkf@nwonline.net !^NavFont02F029B0007NGHHI9DFA5A Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 29-Jan-99 15:16 Subject: Early Roads III ------------------------------------------------------------------ From: Merle Rummel <cliffr@infocom.com> Another section of my Roads Folder --these are both branches off the Great Wagon Road. ============================================================ III. THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the struggle for power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is movement and transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in Philadelphia. No road beyond the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried into shaking and jaring to the steel-rimmed wagon. The roads of necessity wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse. But America moved west. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= THE CAROLINA ROAD >From Big Lick, on the Roanoke River (now Roanoke VA), in the Valley of Virginia, the early Brethren settlers moved south into the Carolinas. They went out through the Roanoke River Gap and down the face of the Blue Ridge Mountains. US220 is approximately the route used -through Boone's Mills and Rocky Mount to Martinsville and into the Carolina Colony (later divided into North and South). The original roadbed is known in Franklin Co VA, to have been west of US 220, on the slopes of Cahas Mt, and farther up Maggody Creek and the Blackwater River than the present road. This is the area Elder Jacob Miller lived -but his arrival there is in 1773 (not the traditional date of 1765). His cabin site is on the west side of the Blue Ridge Parkway, on nearly the top of the ridge, at Adney Gap (land which he sold to Adney in 1800), some 10 miles south of Roanoke. He came to where Brethren already were. In 1748, the year Alexander Mack Jr left Dunkard's Bottom and returned to Germantown, David Martin, son of Elder George Adam Martin, formed the Beaver Creek Church, on the Broad River, Newberry County, South Carolina. The Brethren had already moved down the Yadkin River and were living on the Broad River. >From Franklin and Floyd Cos SC, the Carolina Road left the edge of the mountains and came almost directly south to the Moravian Center at Greensboro and Salem (now Winston-Salem NC). It then followed down the Yadkin River to Sapona Town (Lexington) and Salisbury (NC 8 and US 29). Brethren Settlements were along the Yadkin River, some being west into the Blue Ridge Mountains and others being south. The Carolina Road left the Yadkin at Salisbury and swung west to the Broad River at Charlotte NC. In York Co South Carolina the Road seems to have split, one branch going westward to Chester and south to Columbia SC (US 321), the other branch staying nearer the river to Columbia (US 21). The road ended at the Savannah River across from Augusta Georgia. Most of the Brethren in South Carolina stayed nearer the Mountains and the Broad and Catawba Rivers, although one settlement was on the Saluda River, south of Greenville, and there is even record of one somewhere on the Edisto River - possibly towards Augusta. A settlement of 7th Day Brethren (Sabbatarians) from Ephrata was even farther south in Georgia, but it died out, blame is given to swamp fever (Malaria?) ============================================================ DANIEL BOONE'S WILDERNESS ROAD In 1769 Daniel Boone left his family on the Yadkin, to try to gain some of the fur profits of storied Kaintuck. One source says that he crossed to the Holston Valley of Lee Co VA and followed the Great Warrior's Path west to Powell Valley and the Cumberland Gap. Another gives a pass through the Blue Ridge along the headwaters of the Wautagua River of Tennessee, into the Holston River Valley. He found the land of Kaintuck as wonderful as his dreams and decided to move. He also found that others were already there before him. Just across the gap, leaving behind the high ridge, into the multitudinous broken streams, he could hardly stand the stink. Thomas Walker had trapped the area recently, the decaying skinned bodies left lying scattered along the Great Warrior's Path were so nauseating it was almost impossible to travel. The Great Warrior's Path stayed in the edge of the hills, going down Goose Creek to Manchester KY (past the Flat Creek Mission) and headed north to the Ohio at the mouth of the Scioto River. It continued on north as the Scioto Trail, back to the Lake Erie, near Sandusky, the land of the Tuscaroras Indians. Daniel Boone brought his family and neighbors to Kentucky the next year. They built the little Fort on the Kentucky River - called Boonesboro, then he began to break a new route through the rough ridges to the Blue Grass plains of the Kentucky River, a road that did not go up Stinking Creek. Later, the road was widened for wagon traffic -it was the Wilderness Road. US 25E follows closely the route of the Wilderness road, from the Cumberland Gap, across Pine Mountain (with the famous "Chained Rock" on its slope) to Pineville KY, to Corbin and London, to Richmond and Boonesboro, on the Kentucky River. >From Renfro Valley and Berea on, the road is leaving the Mountainous Hills and Valleys, and entering the bluegrass of Kentucky. The edge of the Hills into the Bluegrass is very abrupt and obvious. Near Berea KY is Big Hill, standing along, out away from the edge of the Hills. There legend says that Daniel Boone, chased by the Indians, climbed the high limestone cliffs that complete circle the mountain/"hill" -and using the butt of his rifle, smashed the fingers of the Indians who tried to also gain the top against him. LOGAN'S PATH Near Mount Vernon, just below Renfro Valley, was Crab Orchard. Here Logan's Path broke from the Wilderness Road and headed northwest to Logan's Fort or Asaph, to Danville, Fort Harrod (Harrodsburg) and the Falls (Louisville). It cut through the heart of the Blue Grass of Kentucky. It is followed primarily today by US 150. From Danville, US 127 goes north to Frankfort, which became the capitol of the state of Kentucky. THE HUNTER'S TRACE Another trace used by early Brethren settlers was the Hunter's Trace, which went westward from London KY along the headwaters of the Cumberland River, to the Green River, through Somerset and Glasgow to Bowling Green KY (KY 80), then southward to the Cumberland at old Fort Nashville (Nashville TN). There was an early Brethren settlement south of Bowling Green in Warren and Simpson Counties KY and a smaller one in Davidson Co TN (Nashville). These seem to be original settlers coming from the Carolinas through the Cumberland Gap. Later settlers came up the Green River from the Ohio to Muhlenberg Co. ============================================================ Merle Rummel Church Historian ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F1BE60007NGHHbE7B749 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

I accidentally deleted the message too soon - did someone volunteer to do lookups on their CD's for Pioneer Women? I just rec'd the message on Fri, Jan 29. I'm interested in the names: Polly FOX Catherine Bartlett Fox trombley@mich.com thanks!

------------------------------------------------------------------ FORWARDED MESSAGE - Orig: 29-Jan-99 8:35 Subject: Early Roads II ------------------------------------------------------------------ From: Merle Rummel <cliffr@infocom.com> Here's the second installment of my paper on Migration Roads. This is not in competition of that by Kevin Cherry, recently distributed on the net. It is just the Same Road, just another view -because it is an Important Road. ============================================================ II. THE ROADS USED BY THE BRETHREN FOR MIGRATION Merle C Rummel [I consider three things to have the greatest effect on people and events of history. There is the struggle for power: which results in wars or various types of struggle and conflicts; there are economics: depressions or hard times, good times and peaceful living, and the attendant results; there is movement and transportation: ease or difficulty of movement, including travel and commerce. There are other things that effect people and history (famines, severe weather or climatic changes, natural disasters of various kinds, and epidemics), but even most of these end with some result in the above three.] Early America used the rivers and waterways for much of its travel and transportation. Roads were worse than poor. Even Benj. Franklin, Poor Richards Almanac, complained about the pot holes and hog wallows, in Philadelphia. No road beyond the cities, was more than a pair of worn tracks through open land, usually with grass growing up in the center. The traveler was lucky if it was smooth, bad weather from storm or the thawing of spring would leave deep ruts, which dried into shaking and jaring to the steel-rimmed wagon. The roads of necessity wound around the huge forest trees, and the roots of such would lay huge bumps across the road. Trees were cut, to open the road, and the stumps left standing in the road. Ravines, gulleys, streams and rivers meant a descent to the bottom, and a climb out on the far bank, if not worse. But America moved west. Land travel was slow, seldom over 10 miles a day, often half that. It was considered that the children would easily keep up, walking nearby, and in the process find much to keep themselves entertained. (Nowhere like todays problems taking children in a long automobile trip.) The team of horses might travel a little faster, but long distance was with the ox team, which traveled even slower than a walk, but could keep going, with less food, long after the horses would quit. The normal trip took days and often months. These Roads I have traveled, some of them not in one solid stretch, and in occasion, missing some section. ========================================================= THE VALLEY ROAD -or the GREAT WAGON ROAD As the Brethren and other German settlers moved out from Germantown PA, some regular paths of migration developed. One went west through Lancaster to Gettysburg and swung southward to Nichol's Gap in the South Mountain ridge, to Waynesboro, Franklin Co PA, on Antietam Creek. The Brethren early settled on the Antietam and Conococheague Creeks, as early as 1742, only a couple decades after they first arrive in the New World. They came from Berks County, the Oley Church. On the Conococheague they formed a church under Nicholas Martin. >From the distant hills, the ridge of mountains look bluish, and for a long way, they are called that: the Blue Ridge. They are the first range of mountains going west from the coast, past the rolling hills and streams of the piedmont. They stretch from northeast to southwest. The mountains are far from the coast down in the Carolinas, they are close in upper Pennsylvania and New York. Behind this first ridge are several higher ridges, essentially parallel, with large valleys in between. In Virginia, this first valley is called the Shenandoah, after the main river that runs in it. Various rivers break through the front rampart, into the valley: The Susquehanna and Juniata, in Pennsylvania; the Potomac, the border between Maryland and Virginia; the James, the Roanoke. The Valley, called Shenandoah in Virginia, reaches up through Maryland and into Pennsylvania. It is the valley of Antietam Creek and Conococheague Creek coming south to the Potomac, just as it is the Shenandoah River going north to the Potomac in northern Virginia. After it breaks through the ridge the James River forks in two branches -one going northeast, up the valley, and one southwest, down the valley. Similarly, the Roanoke River after it breaks through the Blue Ridge, forks into a branch going toward the James, and a branch going southwest toward the New River. The Valley itself mostly stops south of the Roanoke. The New River, coming up out of the mountains of North Carolina, has cut its own valleys, as it breaks through the Allegheny Front can goes west to the Ohio River. South of it are the several parallel valleys with the Holston and Clinch Rivers going south west into Tennessee, where they form the Tennessee River. The Great Warrior's Path went down this valley, from New York. Its into this Great Valley, that there was movement southward. The Great Warrior's Path came down the Conococheague Creek to the Potomac. Its start was among the Iroquois Indians of the Finger Lakes and Mohawk River of New York Colony. It went to the Cherokee lands in the south - to Tennesee Country. Some early Brethren came west to the Great Warrior's Path and moved on south. Alexander Mack Jr, with the Eckerlin brothers, went to a settlement on the New River, south of Fincastle, south of Big Lick on the Roanoke River. It was called "Dunkard Bottoms", they called it "Mahanaim", today it is under the Reservoir at Blacksburg VA. Brethren families moved south. A settlement, the Shenandoah Church was formed, at the Fink Settlement near Strassburg VA. But a problem developed in Virginia -it was a Royal Colony. It had a State Church, the Church of England (Anglican Church or Episcopal Church today). You could only be married or buried through the church (by fee), and you were supposed to be a member of it (infant baptism). At least they demanded that you pay your tithes to it each year. The Brethren did not stay in Virginia until the time of the Revolution, when the Church of England lost its hold on the people of the colony. The Great Wagon Road followed the Great Warrior's Path down the Valley of Virginia. From Waynesboro it came down the Path, through Hagarstown MD to the Potomac. It crossed the Potomac River at Watkins Ferry, south of Hagarstown, and followed Opequon Creek past Fort Louden and old Frederick Town (now Winchester VA). It crossed over to Strassburg on the North Fork of the Shenandoah River. It stayed in the main Valley, west of the Massanutten Moutain Ridge (which divided the North Fork and South Forks of the Shenandoah), west of the River, the Shenandoah. Towns grew up along it: Woodstock, New Market and Harrisonburg VA. It went on, Stanton and Lexington, on to the North River of the James. It went to the rare Natural Bridge, and James River City. It left the James going to Fincastle and on to the Big Lick on the Stanton or Roanoke River (now Roanoke VA). Here a branch went through the Roanoke River Gap and south to the Carolinas: the Carolina Road. The wagon road continued on down the Valley to the New River. It crossed at Ingles Ferry, to go to Dunkers Bottom, Blacksburg and Christiansburg. It went on to Stephen Holston's (Wytheville), and Stalnackers (Marion) on the Holston River, to Abingdon. It went on to Bristol on the Virginia Line, to Long Island of the Holston (Kingsport) in Tennessee, where the North Branch joins, making the headwaters of the Tennessee River, and continuing down the front of Clinch Mountain, Bean Station and Knoxville. This route is old US 11 (I-81 is closely parallel). There was an large settlement of the Brethren on the Holston and Clinch Rivers, west of the Mountains. This is the main center of Tennessee District of the Church of the Brethren. A branch of the Great Warriors Path turned west, just south of Abingdon. It crossed Moccasin Gap through Clinch Mountain, crossed the Clinch River Valley, and Powell Mountain, into the Powell River Valley, till it came to a gap in the Alleghany Front, named the Cumberland Gap, after the Duke of Cumberland. Thomas Walker and Daniel Boone pioneered this road -for the thousands that went into Kaintuck. ============================================================ Merle C Rummel Church Historian <www.cob-net.org/docs/brethrenlife.htm> <www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/pioneer.html> <www.rootsweb.com/~ohclermo/materials.htm#StonelickChurch> ==== BRETHREN Mailing List ==== !^NavFont02F1C7D0007NGHHc7EA266 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Wishing you and your family a very Merry Christmas and a New Year filled with good health, good friends, and more than enough good luck. *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*

Hi Everyone, Following are the added files to the archives: 1-20 more volumes to the archival mail list OH-FOOTSTEPS at http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/oh/oh-footsteps/1999h/jan/jan99.htm 2-Licking County a new bio graham.txt and two cemetery files on the Welsh Hills Cemetery at http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/oh/licking/licking.htm 3-Carroll County Archives added and revised at http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/oh/carroll/carroll.htm Maggie !^NavFont02F0193001ENGHHG65NGAAHGF6NHuHH56NH8EHH9401F9 Maggie's World of Courthouse Dust & Genealogy Fever http://www.infinet.com/~dzimmerm/mindex.html *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* God Put Me On Earth to Accomplish a Certain Number of Things. Right Now I am so far behind, I will never die. --- Unknown *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-* Wishing you and your family a very Merry Christmas and a New Year filled with good health, good friends, and more than enough good luck. *-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*