Thank you all for the information. And a special thanks to Gary King, of Batavia, Illinois, who has been kind enough to post the Memoirs online; I think we all realize what a huge task that has been. Sandi, I did receive the 1860 census direct to my inbox from Ancestry without a problem. Do you know the religion of your Gartner/Gardners??? -- mine were Catholic. There are apparently several discrepancies -- the spelling of Mary's maiden name, the date of Mary's immigration, and the place of John Jacob's birth being among them -- the census says he was born in Ohio, the Memoirs place his birth in Newport, KY. My great-grandmother was Nicholas and Mary's daughter, Catherine, who in the census appears as Kate. Catherine was born in Butler County. The Memoirs were published in 1919. The following passage seems to indicate that both Mary and Nicholas passed away prior to that book's publication... "...In the evening of life they retired from all active pursuits and took up their residence at Hamilton, where both passed away, honored and esteemed by those who knew them and recognized their many excellent traits of character." Again, thanks for your help; I appreciate y'all helping me fill in the details a good deal more.