This information below is quoted from Ancestry.com pertaining to the U.S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists, 1862-1918. Not every state is included for every years, e.g., New York and New Jersey are only accessible online from 1862-1866. This IRS information is important for other sources of documentation such as, your n ancestor's street address, name of business, or sales product. To access this section on Ancestry.com, go to DATABASES on the search page and look for this exact title> "U.S. IRS Tax Assessment Lists, 1862-1918" This database contains IRS tax assessment lists for several U.S. states covering the years 1862-1918. Information listed in these records includes: name of person or business being taxed, their address, the taxable period, and amount of taxes reported. For more information about this database, click here. On July 1, 1862, Congress passed the Internal Revenue Act, creating the Bureau of Internal Revenue (later renamed to the Internal Revenue Service). This act was intended to “provide Internal Revenue to support the Government and to pay interest on the Public Debt.” Instituted in the height of the Civil War, the “Public Debt” at the time primarily consisted of war expenses. The Internal Revenue Act also established the Office of Commissioner of Internal Revenue and allowed the country to be divided into collection districts, of which assessors and collectors were appointed. Taxable goods and services were determined by legislative acts passed throughout the years. All persons, partnerships, firms, associations, and corporations submitted to the assistant assessor of their division, a list showing the amount of annual income, articles subject special taxes and duties, and the quantity of goods made or sold that were charged with taxes or duties. The assistant assessors collected and compiled these lists into two general lists. These lists were: 1. A list of names of all individuals residing in the division who were subject to taxation 2. A list of names of all individuals residing outside the division, but who were owners of property in the division These lists were organized alphabetically according to surname and recorded the value, assessment, or enumeration of taxable income or items and the amount of tax due. After all examinations and appeals, copies of these lists were given to the collector who then went and collected the taxes. The assessment lists are divided into 3 categories: 1. Annual 2. Monthly 3. Special Annual and monthly lists are for taxes assessed or collected within those periods of time. Special lists supplemented incomplete annual and monthly lists and also included any taxes that were indicated as “special” by the assessors. About the Records: Form 23, Assessment List, was the form used for many years to record tax information. Although there are several different versions of this form, it generally recorded: Name of Collection District Name of Collector Date of the list Instructions for completing the form Name of person or business being taxed Address Taxable period Amount reported by the collector Remarks on the assessment Article or occupation taxed Record of payment if the tax was paid Amount paid or abated Form 58, List of Unassessable Collections, recorded the receipt and disbursement of unassessed collections. Unassessed collections could include: conscience money, paid court order fines, and offers of compromise, among others. States and Years Covered: ************** Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

Am trying to find further information about the following family- ALTACHULER According to the 1910 census, this is what I have so far: David ALTSCHULER: 51, head of family, Russian/Yiddish, immigrated 1906, picture cleaner Sarah - wife of David, 56, 6 living children, Russian/Yiddish, immigrated 1906 Celia - dau, 21, Russian/Yiddish, packing-shoe factory Sophie- dau, 18, Russian/Yiddish, operator-ladies ? Fannie - dau, 16, Russian/Yiddish, ?-feathers? boarder, Jennie, ? LANDER, 22, Russian/Yiddish, Immigrated 1005, ?-rubber factory 1910 - David said he had applied for citizenship. In 1925, a Dave Altschuler was naturalized thru the E District NY courts. Can anyone tell me anything else about this family? Sarah had 6 children - who are the other ones and where are they? Elder uncle seems to remember the name Isadore. Does anyone know where I can get a copy of David's naturalization papers? Thank You Linda In NC **************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

The Dave Alschuler who was naturalized in the U.S. Eastern District Court on December 1, 1935, has a certificate number of 47681, is thirty years old, and has children named Pearl and Herol. Joy LHendri479@aol.com wrote: Am trying to find further information about the following family- ALTACHULER According to the 1910 census, this is what I have so far: David ALTSCHULER: 51, head of family, Russian/Yiddish, immigrated 1906, picture cleaner Sarah - wife of David, 56, 6 living children, Russian/Yiddish, immigrated 1906 Celia - dau, 21, Russian/Yiddish, packing-shoe factory Sophie- dau, 18, Russian/Yiddish, operator-ladies ? Fannie - dau, 16, Russian/Yiddish, ?-feathers? boarder, Jennie, ? LANDER, 22, Russian/Yiddish, Immigrated 1005, ?-rubber factory 1910 - David said he had applied for citizenship. In 1925, a Dave Altschuler was naturalized thru the E District NY courts. Can anyone tell me anything else about this family? Sarah had 6 children - who are the other ones and where are they? Elder uncle seems to remember the name Isadore. Does anyone know where I can get a copy of David's naturalization papers? Thank You Linda In NC **************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001) ___________________________________ The Bklyn Info Pages Website: www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com ___________________________________ ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message --------------------------------- Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all with Yahoo! Mobile. Try it now.

St. John's University is now on Utopia Parkway in the NYS Borough/NYS County of Queens: Queens Campus (Main Campus) St. John's University 8000 Utopia Parkway New York (Jamaica P.O.), NY 11439 http://www.stjohns.edu/ I hope this information is useful or, at least, interesting. Regards, Walter Greenspan Great Falls, MT & Jericho, NY

**************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

That entry on the 1900 was in fact what clued me in to the fact that one of the children in our family had died...and at that point only one of the children was living with the mother... There was a high mortality rate in those times period...not just in regard to infants...it was not unusual for a mom to bury several children...especially when the families were in tenement areas... I was able to find a lot of death notices on _http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/_ (http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/) and of course try the Brooklyn Eagle online _http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/eagle/_ (http://www.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/eagle/) The New York Times is also a valuable resource--although not free--but many of us have access if you find anything of interest and the article(s) can be e-mailed to you. If you can figure out where anyone in the family is buried, you might find a passel of folks there, especially if they were younger...I found 10 people at the same plot in Trinity. If you are lucky enough to find that kind of info, it is a BIG eureka moment...you can fill in lots of gaps in a flash. Best of luck Joyce BROOKLYN NAMES FLEURY HEALD FOSTER BOWERS BAXTER LINDELOF HICKMAN STEPHENSON MORA YOUNG CAMMAROTA RUBINO HICKMAN JOHNSON MULHERN AND MANY MORE Check out my website below for details http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/f/l/e/Joyce-Fleury/index.html In a message dated 5/2/2008 6:38:25 A.M. Pacific Daylight Time, souxieq@gmail.com writes: Thanks to everyone who responded. I have a few instances where I know there are living children, but not accounted for with the parents since they are older and not included in the count of those living. Thats what made me wonder if all the immigrants being question truly understood the question or not. Unless it's just MY family that's a bit dense, of course! haha Thanks again to all, Susan Curley Mays Landing, NJ On Fri, May 2, 2008 at 2:36 AM, <MizScarlettNY@aol.com> wrote: > Infant mortality was in fact that high due to many issues, including > unavailable birth control, Waterless tenement housing > meant there was no easy hand washing with soap, inadequate windows and > air > circulation--- until NYC pased a law requiring their addition about 1870, > density of people in small quarters, and fast spreading diseases > pre-penicillan. > Don't foget that horses and animals roamed the cobbled streets, before a > public > works department was begun. > > For further information: > 1) The Lower East Side Tenement Museum at http://www.tenement.org/ > > 2) paperback> How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, and > > 3) paperback> Low Life by Luc Sante. > > 4) any Dover photographic history of NYC > > Barb > > > > souxieq@gmail.com writes: > > > > I am wondering about the section in the 1900 census that asks "Mother of > > how > > many children" and then "Number of those children living." > > > > In so very many cases I see crazy numbers like "16/1" or "12/6" --- and > > while I know it's quite possible since the infant mortality rate was > very > > high back then...might it have been interpreted as asking "How many > children > > living WITH YOU" at the time of the census?? > > > > Thanks, > > ~Susan > > > > > ************** > Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family > favorites at AOL Food. > > (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001) > ___________________________________ > > The Bklyn Info Pages Website: > www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ > > List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com > > Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com > ___________________________________ > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > ___________________________________ The Bklyn Info Pages Website: www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com ___________________________________ ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message **************Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

Thanks to everyone who responded. I have a few instances where I know there are living children, but not accounted for with the parents since they are older and not included in the count of those living. Thats what made me wonder if all the immigrants being question truly understood the question or not. Unless it's just MY family that's a bit dense, of course! haha Thanks again to all, Susan Curley Mays Landing, NJ On Fri, May 2, 2008 at 2:36 AM, <MizScarlettNY@aol.com> wrote: > Infant mortality was in fact that high due to many issues, including > unavailable birth control, Waterless tenement housing > meant there was no easy hand washing with soap, inadequate windows and > air > circulation--- until NYC pased a law requiring their addition about 1870, > density of people in small quarters, and fast spreading diseases > pre-penicillan. > Don't foget that horses and animals roamed the cobbled streets, before a > public > works department was begun. > > For further information: > 1) The Lower East Side Tenement Museum at http://www.tenement.org/ > > 2) paperback> How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, and > > 3) paperback> Low Life by Luc Sante. > > 4) any Dover photographic history of NYC > > Barb > > > > souxieq@gmail.com writes: > > > > I am wondering about the section in the 1900 census that asks "Mother of > > how > > many children" and then "Number of those children living." > > > > In so very many cases I see crazy numbers like "16/1" or "12/6" --- and > > while I know it's quite possible since the infant mortality rate was > very > > high back then...might it have been interpreted as asking "How many > children > > living WITH YOU" at the time of the census?? > > > > Thanks, > > ~Susan > > > > > ************** > Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family > favorites at AOL Food. > > (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001) > ___________________________________ > > The Bklyn Info Pages Website: > www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ > > List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com > > Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com > ___________________________________ > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

Thanks to everyone who responded to my question about Jute uses. I appreciate the kind help! John Dvorak

Infant mortality was in fact that high due to many issues, including unavailable birth control, Waterless tenement housing meant there was no easy hand washing with soap, inadequate windows and air circulation--- until NYC pased a law requiring their addition about 1870, density of people in small quarters, and fast spreading diseases pre-penicillan. Don't foget that horses and animals roamed the cobbled streets, before a public works department was begun. For further information: 1) The Lower East Side Tenement Museum at http://www.tenement.org/ 2) paperback> How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis, and 3) paperback> Low Life by Luc Sante. 4) any Dover photographic history of NYC Barb souxieq@gmail.com writes: > I am wondering about the section in the 1900 census that asks "Mother of > how > many children" and then "Number of those children living." > > In so very many cases I see crazy numbers like "16/1" or "12/6" --- and > while I know it's quite possible since the infant mortality rate was very > high back then...might it have been interpreted as asking "How many children > living WITH YOU" at the time of the census?? > > Thanks, > ~Susan ************** Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

I am wondering about the section in the 1900 census that asks "Mother of how many children" and then "Number of those children living." In so very many cases I see crazy numbers like "16/1" or "12/6" --- and while I know it's quite possible since the infant mortality rate was very high back then...might it have been interpreted as asking "How many children living WITH YOU" at the time of the census?? Thanks, ~Susan

Also, that wide webbing used especially in the hidden sections of upholstered furniture. ************** Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

That, and rope. john.dvorak@sbcglobal.net > Hello, My querie concerns Jute Mills. What was jute used for in the > 1920s-1930s? Did they make rugs out of it or something like that? > > John Dvorak in Michigan ************** Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

If I may add to this, Nancy, always include your daytime phone number, under your name. St. Patrick's Old Cathedral once phoned me after finding two of the sixe baptisms that I requested, for a couple's children. The staff located two additional infants' baptisms, who died days after birth, and never were recorded in our family Bible! NancyL916@aol.com > > Dear Friends, > Just a gentle reminder that when contacting a church for information PLEASE > > include a donation, and a stamped self addressed envelope. Your e-mail > address would be most helpful, and possibly provide you with a quicker > response to > your request. > > As you know many churches do not respond to your requests, and that's > unfortunate. Those churches that do respond cannot, and should not, be > expected to > provide postage and incur phone charges to contact you especially if you > have > not even offered a donation. > > Additionally, a requester should never asked to be billed if information is > > located. > > > > > > ************** Wondering what's for Dinner Tonight? Get new twists on family favorites at AOL Food. (http://food.aol.com/dinner-tonight?NCID=aolfod00030000000001)

This is from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute#uses Uses " Jute is the second most important vegetable fibre after cotton; not only for cultivation, but also for various uses. Jute is used chiefly to make cloth for wrapping bales of raw cotton, and to make sacks and coarse cloth. The fibres are also woven into curtains, chair coverings, carpets, area rugs, hessian cloth, and backing for linoleum. While jute is being replaced by synthetic materials in many of these uses, some uses take advantage of jute's biodegradable nature, where synthetics would be unsuitable. Examples of such uses include containers for planting young trees which can be planted directly with the container without disturbing the roots, and land restoration where jute cloth prevents erosion occurring while natural vegetation becomes established. The fibres are used alone or blended with other types of fibres to make twine and rope. Jute butts, the coarse ends of the plants, are used to make inexpensive cloth. Conversely, very fine threads of jute can be separated out and made into imitation silk. As jute fibres are also being used to make pulp and paper, and with increasing concern over forest destruction for the wood pulp used to make most paper, the importance of jute for this purpose may increase. Jute has a long history of use in the sackings, carpets, wrapping fabrics (cotton bale), and construction fabric manufacturing industry." Now that it has become necessary AND fashionable to "go natural" and "renewable" I imagine that JUTE will have a resurgence in uses. Judie " On May 1, 2008, at 4:37 PM, wsd wrote: > It was used a lot in the shipping industry for rope making, oakum > (caulking), etc., and was used for bagging. I think these uses were > fading out by the 1920s, though. There were a lot of jute mills in > Greenpoint, Williamsburg and Bushwick. > > On May 1, 2008, at 2:47 PM, john dvorak wrote: > >> Hello, My querie concerns Jute Mills. What was jute used for in the >> 1920s-1930s? Did they make rugs out of it or something like that? >> >> John Dvorak in Michigan >> ___________________________________ >> >> The Bklyn Info Pages Website: >> www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ >> >> List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com >> >> Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com >> ___________________________________ >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com >> with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and >> the body of the message >> > > ___________________________________ > > The Bklyn Info Pages Website: > www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ > > List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com > > Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com > ___________________________________ > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com > with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and > the body of the message

It was used a lot in the shipping industry for rope making, oakum (caulking), etc., and was used for bagging. I think these uses were fading out by the 1920s, though. There were a lot of jute mills in Greenpoint, Williamsburg and Bushwick. On May 1, 2008, at 2:47 PM, john dvorak wrote: > Hello, My querie concerns Jute Mills. What was jute used for in the > 1920s-1930s? Did they make rugs out of it or something like that? > > John Dvorak in Michigan > ___________________________________ > > The Bklyn Info Pages Website: > www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/ > > List Administrator: NancyL916@aol.com > > Post to List: nybrooklyn@rootsweb.com > ___________________________________ > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to NYBROOKLYN-request@rootsweb.com > with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and > the body of the message >

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute This will give you some idea about JUTE..... Judie

Dear Friends, Just a gentle reminder that when contacting a church for information PLEASE include a donation, and a stamped self addressed envelope. Your e-mail address would be most helpful, and possibly provide you with a quicker response to your request. As you know many churches do not respond to your requests, and that's unfortunate. Those churches that do respond cannot, and should not, be expected to provide postage and incur phone charges to contact you especially if you have not even offered a donation. Additionally, a requester should never asked to be billed if information is located. **************Need a new ride? Check out the largest site for U.S. used car listings at AOL Autos. (http://autos.aol.com/used?NCID=aolcmp00300000002851)

Hello, My querie concerns Jute Mills. What was jute used for in the 1920s-1930s? Did they make rugs out of it or something like that? John Dvorak in Michigan

Dear Norma, The sugar refining business was connected to the West India trade, so there was a connection between Caribbean shipping, sugar, molasses, and rum. I've tried to send you a couple of ads for refined sugar from Readex's Early American Newspapers site, which I get to through the NYG&B website. Please let me know whether or not they arrive. It was interesting to note from the papers that in 1794 a tax of two cents a pound was placed on sugar refined in the US; this was doubled to four cents per lb in 1813. Is that how you pay for a war when there is no income tax?! Also this, from the NY Food Museum's website, which discusses the Sugar Trust: Excerpted from the Encyclopedia of New York City, Edited by Kenneth T. Jackson, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, the New-York Historical Society, New York "The first sugar refinery in New York City was opened on Liberty Street in 1730 by Nicholas Bayard. Most raw sugar was imported to the colonies from overseas and the city was soon a center of sugar refining largely because of the port and the high local demand for sugar. The industry attracted such prominent families as the Livingstons, the Bayards, the Cuylers, the Roosevelts, the Stewarts, and the Van Cortlandts... William Havemeyer, and Frederick C. Havemeyer... opened the refinery...in 1805 on Vandam Street. Let us know what you find. Good luck with your search - Anne * * * * * * * * Anne W. Brown, Trustee New York Marble Cemetery, open May 3 & 4, 2nd Avenue above 2nd Street. Come visit! www.marblecemetery.org

Published online 30 April 2008 | Nature | doi:10.1038/453009a News Genetics bill cruises through Senate Unanimous vote welcomed by personal genomics companies. Meredith Wadman The unanimous vote last week by the US Senate to outlaw discrimination against people on the basis of their genetic information is being celebrated by civil-rights groups, which have long campaigned for the safeguards. Personal-genomics companies are also cracking open the champagne - they have a lot to gain from the bill becoming law. Once enacted, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) will forbid employers and health insurers from using people's genetic information against them in decisions on hiring, firing, promotion and insurance coverage and pricing. The House of Representatives should pass the legislation this week, after which it is expected to be signed into law by President George W. Bush. "This will help the notion of personalized medicine move forward more quickly," says Linda Avey, co-founder of 23andMe, a personal-genetics company in Mountain View, California, that is trail-blazing a highly visible, and controversial, direct-to-consumer market. Avey says her employees erupted in cheers and applause when the bill's passage was announced at a staff meeting the next day. "We were very happy." The bill is also likely to help other companies that trumpet the virtues of consumers' access to their own genetic data in a way that presumes it won't explode in their hands. "The customers of these new personal-genomics companies are able to download their genomes and share them electronically with others," notes Kathy Hudson, director of the Genetics and Public Policy Center at Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC. "Until the passage of GINA, the sharing of that information actually put them at risk. The bill bans US employers from collecting genetic information from their employees, and ensures that insurers can't request or require people to take genetic tests. Sanctions include government fines and lawsuits in federal courts. The House passed a similar bill a year ago, by 420 to 3. It was then sent to the Senate, where it was stalled by objections from Senator Thomas Coburn (Republican, Oklahoma). The last of those objections was resolved last month by the insertion of wording preventing companies that insure their own employees from being punished twice under the law: once as an employer, and once as an insurer. But the new language also prevents an employee from suing their employer under the act if both the employer and the insurer are culpable in the same situation. The wording is ambiguous enough, however, that it "will almost assuredly lead to litigation once it's passed into law", says Jeremy Gruber, the legal counsel for the National Workrights Institute, an employee advocacy group based in Princeton, New Jersey. It will therefore be the courts, he says, that "will clarify which situations might be objectionable enough" for an employer to be sued even if an insurance issue is involved. The United States is not the first to implement such a law - countries including Austria and France have laws forbidding genetic discrimination - but it has by far the largest private-insurance market. The bill took months to get through the Senate and it still has its detractors. The Chamber of Commerce fought the bill on Capitol Hill, claiming that it would burden businesses with paperwork and expense, in part because it doesn't pre-empt a patchwork of existing state laws. "The bill also includes excessive damage provisions that will invite frivolous litigation," the Chamber continues to complain on its website. But the bill's supporters argue that, rather than burdening the US employers who largely pay for that insurance, it will help them by easing health-care costs. "If we provide these protections, individuals will have the incentive to increasingly avail themselves of medical knowledge," says Senator Olympia Snowe (Republican, Maine), the leading sponsor of the Senate bill. "They may be able to take action as a result, preventing disease or premature death and also reducing the burden of high health-care costs." For researchers, the law may prove a boon. The next generation of studies to identify gene culprits associated with complex diseases will involve tens of thousands of willing participants as cases and controls. "The success of those kinds of studies, I think, was significantly threatened by people's fears about genetic discrimination," says Hudson. MIKE maurmike1@verizon.net