My advice would be to check to see if there is already a study going on your nephew's (and your father's) surname. Even if you suspect the surname is not the correct lineage, you might get a discount with the company sponsoring the survey. They will first try to match you with the lineages already in the study. Failing that, they will, from time to time, send you close matches. At this point, I'd try to get the most allele test that you can afford. It helps if you are testing a theory...for instance... One of my maternal surnames is Dorsey. The 'Immigrant' ancestor was Edward Dorsey of Maryland and there is a surname study for him. Our branch, probably descended from Andrew Dorsey and his wife Patience who moved South into the Carolinas just prior to the American Revolution. Andrew Dorsey and his eldest son died suddenly at a fairly young age at about the same age. Lots of Dorseys were in the area, probably sons or grandsons, we haven't figured out who belongs where, but we do know that they (and Andrew) are related, but through DNA this line is not related to Edward the Immigrant except that they are all from the British Isles. Our Dorsey line has quite a few really rare markers however, making it stand out. The distant cousin in charge of this study has proved that her ancestor Harvey Kelley was actually Elisha Harvey Dorsey (mother's maiden name was Martha Kelley), who deserted twice from the Confederate Army and moved his family across the mountains to Tennessee and started a new life. My cousin had a very extensive and informative website but the links appear to be broken, so searching from the homepage is frustrating but the steps she followed in her early quest are on this page. http://www.contexo.info/DorseyDNA/HarveyKelley.htm As a retired teacher, my cousin had constructed a really great resource. It's too bad it's falling apart. EdrieAnne