Hi Researcher I do not know all that much about DNA in total, when I decided to get my brother to give up his for me to get tested. Have been working on my father's direct male line backwards for a long time. Went a lot of wrong family lines, and then finally began getting good data. Later, my cousins and I just happened to be talking, and found out that we both were working on our respective father's male lines too. Since her father, and mine, were brothers, you see. She and her husband had been on the research road since they both retired long time back. So they had actually gone to the various states and cities and areas, that our ancestors had lived and pro created. Nifty, for me, HUH!! So I sent them, all that I had accumulated to that point in time. They cleaned up my mess, and errors, and sent me back their database gedcom. It took several weeks, months, to get the results of the DNA testing. The administrator of the web site, _WWW.FamilyTREEDNA.COM_ (http://www.FamilyTREEDNA.COM) , sent me notice that our results had been posted to it. And which category of MILLS family that we matched, 12/12 on the markers. At that time, I did not feel that the fee for the testing and all the time it took, was all that exorbitant. Later, I upped the number of markers, and found that we do seem to match exact out to 37 markers on some. My particular surname happens to be MILLS. Our category now is 600, and our haplo grouping is I1b.(Eye One B, as in boy). There is a box, you can click on the web site, to join the Y SEARCH web site, search for more matching to your DNA results, too. In it I found a couple more matches. But those researchers, (Relatives, as such) did not use, FamilyTreeDNA. They apparently used another laboratory or facility for their test. You can click on their name, and send them an email to let them know about your match, and get in touch with one another. NEAT. Expands more information. It seems like it is just like the "NEVER ENDING STORY". - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - -- - - - On the FamilyTreeDNA web site, in our category, I looked up those listed heads of family, and found them to be listed on various databases on RootsWeb.com and Gencircles.com, and other gene sites. So I imported what I could to a special little file, and began compiling into my cousins database even more family lines and present day cousins. NOT ALL OF US Are MILLS'. But by blood, by father to child, on down to today, we are definitely related. (Again, making that age old, word, raise its ugly head. ASSUME.) That their research is valid and accurate as possible.) So I feel that the initial investment of the test fees, were very valuable towards helping me, personally, and my cousins too. She and her Husband. To Find more family and others (hopefully) documented and or research success. I suppose, there are purist's, in all hobbies. So is TRUE of Genealogy. Some only want to do progress only a pure absolute paper trail, deeds, land records, deeds of sale, quit claim deeds, wills and estate packages. Intes State too. Just those inventories of the deceased. Possibly an adoption paper trail as well. That of course, will mean, that even though, they are MILLS' as such, biologically there are not MILLS". Some of all of those paper work trail is so helpful is that it names names, and children, grand children, nieces, and nephews, wives, and mistresses, etc. What Ever, the case may be at the time of the subject's end. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For a female to do an DNA TEST, with MT DNA test, that just proves that as you go back you are going backwards, only with the female of each family. You, Your Mother Her Mother Her Mother, and so forth. Which will take you back to the lady in question, who was either a MILLS child, daughter, and or who married a MILLS< hence the surname. Then you go from there on back, till you either run out of funds, and or interest, or whatever else the case may be. BOREDOM. Too must input. OVERLOAD, Frustration. Etc. After all, that is the name of the hobby, GENEALOGY. These are just words to help a little towards what you can surmise I have been doing with my valuable spare time since December 1984, when I was left an orphan by my mother, when she abandoned me to return to her home town, and marry her child hood sweetheart after 50 years. My Mom and I were excellent friends, companions, support to one another, after my father passed. She attended her 50th High School Reunion, and so that was the beginning of another life all told. Cheers, for more success in your continuing research for family. And History that we sadly neglected when we were in school. Pat cw ************************************** See what's new at http://www.aol.com