�Timeline� of NL and Irish History ....PART III ---1839-1916---.... selected excerpts from the undernoted publications... #1...�Our National Church � by Lord Robert Cecil and Rev. H. J. Clayton...published in London by Frederick Warne and Co. and New York..1913.. = ONC #2..�Irish History� -From pre-Celtic to modern Ireland, Culture, society and Mythology...published 2002 ...ISBN ) -75257-876-6 (Hardback) = IH 1800-1840....�....the Irish population was growing rapidly and appears to have doubled between 1800 and 1840; it may even have reached nine million by 1845...page 168-IH 1833...�It must, however, also be noted that the Church had a voice in the legislation of 1533, but that in 1833 Convocation had not been revived, so that the alteration was made by the State without the concurrence of the Church in any corporate capacity. .....It should be noted that the Judicial Committee, when giving a decision in the Gorham case, stated its powers in plain tersm: �This Court . . . has no jurisdiction or authority to settle matters of faith or to determine what ought in any particular to be the doctrine of the Church of England.� page 174 ONC 1836- 1844...� ....since the Roformation they have been in enjoyment of these endowments for three hundred and fifty years, with which may be compared the provision of the �Dissenters� Chapels Act� of 1844, that twenty-five years� tenure shall give a legal title to the property of Dissenters................The only possible claimant who could assert a better right would be the Roman Catholic Church, and it is worth noting that in 1826 the Roman Catholic bishops in England issued a declaration dealing with their suggested right ot the property of the Established Church, in which they said � we disclaim any right, title, or pretension with regard to the same.� ..page 201 ONC 1845-49....�The Famine of 1845-1849 was not the first famine in Ireland, but it was by far the most severe, persistant and widespread. Economic conditions for thousands of small farmers and their families had been precarious for many years. In hindsight, it is easy to see that there was a disaster waiting to happen.....The potato had been introduced to Ireland at the end of the 16th Century.......A fungal blight �phythphthora infestans�, was first noticed on potatoes in Ireland in 1845, having previously been recorded in the US and Canada........The Quakers, in particular, won a place in the hearts of the Irish for their good work.......Others, however, were known to demand that Catholics become Protestants before receiving aid.........The government of the time, which did not believe in giving anyone anything for nothing, set up public works� schemes, where men, women and children were employed building roads and making other improvements.� page 166-167IH 1847-1848....recent postings to NL Roots list indicated that a similar situation occured in CB NL...."The government of the time, which did not believe in giving anyone anything for nothing, set up public works� schemes, where men, women and children were employed building roads and making other improvements.� ((in exchange for Indian Meal and Molasses)) 1847-1849...�Today, the sheer scale of the disaster of the famine is hard to grasp. At its peak, in August 1847, 3,000,000 people a day attended soup kitchens. In the same year 100,000 emigrated to CANADA alone and in 1849 there were over 900,000 people being maintained in the workhouses which were maintained by local rate-payers. ......It is estimated that 4,000,000 people had left the country by 1900...page 170-IH 1848-1921.....�....in 1848, there was another failed uprising.... �Though O�Brien and other Yound Irelanders later admitted that their rising in July 1848 had been a mistake, several of the participants , though not O�Brien himself, later joined the new FENIAN movement. 1848 has thus been incorporated into an Irish patriotic tradition of revold leading to the Anglo-Irish War of 1919-21.� page 176-177IH 1848....�In America, two leaders emerged who would pioneer the FENIAN uprisings: James Stephens and John O�Mahoney.....When Stephens returned to gauge the situation and the mood in Ireland at first hand, he met up with Jeremiah O�Donovan ROSSA, who had formed the Phoenix National and Literary Society. This group had branches in various parts of the country but did not become a political movement until it joined forces with the Irish-Americans, thereby becoming the Irish R E P U B L I C A N Brotherhood in 1858. On the suggestion of O�Mahoney, in New York, they became known as the FENIANS� page 178-179IH 1861....story of a planned Fenian attack on Port de Grave CB NL is recorded on page 123 & 124 of Gerald Andrews' 1997 book titled "History of a Newfoundland Outport" 1867-1868....�Three were eventually tried and sentenced to death. William Philip ALLEN, Michael LARKIN and Michael O�BRIEN--who were innocent of the crime --were hanged on 23 November 1867, instantly becoming known as the �Manchester Martyrs�.......The FENIAN explosion at Clerkenwell in 1868....A Fermanagh-born FENIAN, Michael BARRATT, was executed for his part in this event and was the last person to be publicly hanged in England...page 182-183IH 1869....�In 1869, William GLADSTONE made his first significant contribution to Irish affairs with his Church Disestablishment Act. Prior to this, the Church of Ireland had been the official church, but now the legal connection between Church and State was severed� page 184 IH 1870-1879...�Isaac Butt (1815-1879), the son of a Churh of Ireland minister in County Donegal, founded the Home Rule Association in 1870 with the aim of establishing an Irish parliament, which would have full control over domestic affairs.....In 1879, Butt was succeeded as leader of the Home Rule Party by Charles Stewart PARNELL (1845-91), also a Protestant.� page 186-187I 1873-1895....�.....but in the 1895 edition of Phillimore�s Ecclesiastical Law the passages on the origin of tithe which had appeared in the 1873 edition, and were consonant with the above view, were omitted, and their place taken by the following: �It is not proposed to discuss the origin of the tithes in England. A very full treatment is given to the subject by Lord Selborne. It is enough to say that the payment of tithes was compelled by ecclesiastical censures, enforced by the writ de excommunicate capiendo, at least from A.D. 1200, that statutory authority for their payment was given first by 27 Henry VIII, cap. 7, then by 2 and 3 Edward VI, cap. 13, &c.� Here Mr. Justice Phillimore gives it as his opinion that statutory authority for the payment of tithe cannot be established with certainty earlier than the 16th century.� page 196-197 ONC. 1886.....�Home Rule means ROME RULE� was a slogan that emerged at this time, playing on Protestant fears that an Irish parliament would be dominated by Catholics and that such a parliament would choose to persecute Protestants. It should be remembered, however, that many of the leaders of the main Irish political movements of the 19th century, such as Tone, Emmet, Davis, Butt and Parnell, were themselves Protestants.� page 199 IH 1893...�The Gaelic League, which was founded in 1893 by Douglas Hyde and Eoin MacNeill, aimed to promote the Irish language.� page 208 IH 1910....�At a moment when in France one is so occupied in studying the books placed in the hands of school-children, and when the historical and religious errors which these books contain are so bitterly criticised, could one not take advantage of this movement of interest in historical text-books to dispel the gross error which every French child learns in both Church and secular schools, viz. �that the English Church is a Protestant sect founded by the Tudors in the 16th Century�? Every publication which helps . . . to destroy this absurd legend renders a true service to the cause of reunion . . . but this union will only be possible when the Church of England is thoroughly understood, when her continuity and catholicity are facts accepted by the Churches of Rome and of the East.� Le Bulletin de la Semaine, June *, 1910� page 209 ONC 1913....� The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) --the military organisation which had been formed in 1858 in the lead-up to the FENIAN insurrection--became active once more. The IRB came to the fore when the Irish Volunteers were publicly launched at a mass meeting in the Rotunda, Dublin in November 1913. As early as 1907, Thomas J. Clarke, a veteran of the Fenian campaign, had returned from American exile. He had begun to reorganize the IRB, often taking members from Sinn Fein, an ideological and political movement rather than a military one.� page 223 IH 1916...�The Provisional Government of the Irish Republic declares Independence. page 245 IH prepared by Lloyd G. H. Rowsell *************************** **************************** __________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Protect your identity with Yahoo! Mail AddressGuard http://antispam.yahoo.com/whatsnewfree