Thanks for pointing this article out to us. Assumptions! I suppose we have all made more than one of these assumptions in our years of research. I know I have. I have been doing a lot of searching in Census and finding errors in some of my earlier days of research. Sharing files on the World Connect site has brought me in touch with others who could help prove or disprove some of these assumptions. And I have been able to help others where I know they have the wrong information. Many of the genealogy sites are great for helping us to make a case one way or the other on these assumptions. There is one major genealogy web site that does not allow this interaction to correct the errors we find. I respect their research and all the data they have given to us, but wish they had an easier way of correcting files when we find wrong information. Last night I was on the LDS site www.familysearch.org and found some totally wrong information posted. The main problem there is, there seems to be no way to correct it as it was IGI submitted by someone a long time ago. No source or information as to where it came from. That bothers me a lot. We can have a good feeling that we are on the right track and suddenly find something that blows it all away. But on the other hand many of our assumptions and plain old "gut feelings" may indeed lead us to the right person or persons we are seeking. I think this is such a good article its worth printing out and posting it some place where it can be seen to remind us to always keep looking of the proven records. Sue Ellen "Life is what happens while you are making other plans"

Saving Family Treasures .. Maureen A Taylor [printed w/prior permission of Juliana Smith, Editor of Ancestry Daily News] The lyrics to Irving Berlin's "Easter Parade" "In your Easter bonnet, with all the frills upon it" remind me of my childhood. Every Easter Sunday we wore a new set of clothes to church. I remember each one vividly because here in New England, there have been several Easter's with snow on the ground, making it a little chilly for spring attire. Today all that's left of those outfits are photographs of my sister and me dutifully wearing our hats, dresses, and patent leather shoes. While it doesn't make sense to save all your special-occasion outfits, there are some articles of clothing such as baby sets, hats, sweaters bearing a school letter, or items associated with the teams your kids played for that are worth retaining for the future. Hidden away in the attic or basement is a favorite jacket or hat, an heirloom christening outfit, or your wedding dress and shoes. These garments are a reminder of past events either those you remember or those immortalized in oral traditions passed on from generation to generation. You might even own a few photographs of people wearing them. Caring for clothing requires some common sense and containers approved for the storage of textiles. These may or not be the same supplies used for your photographs and documents because fabrics have different storage requirements. As we pack away this year's Easter finery, let's take a look at how we can preserve our textile family treasures. What Is It? Until the last century, clothing was made from either plant (cotton and linen) or animal products (silk and wool). In the twentieth century new synthetic fibers such as rayon, nylon, and polyester first appeared. Silk and wool are susceptible to infestations of insects and are sensitive to alkali, while cotton and linen are sensitive to acid. Some deterioration is due to metals added to the fabric during manufacturing. For instance, black and brown dyes used for cotton are metallic based and over time can cause holes in material due to deterioration, while the metal salts that add weight to silk make it crack and powder over time. Consult a conservator for advice on handling man-made fabrics because they are not organic. A free list of conservators is available online through the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Work, Inc. (http://aic.stanford.edu) Keep Out of Harm's Way Just like photographs and documents, fabric ages and becomes fragile. Most damage occurs through mishandling, improper storage, cleaning, and even by wearing the item. Handle all garments while wearing clean white cotton gloves to protect fabric from any oils or dirt on your skin. Even if you've just washed your hands, you can still transfer oil to the fabric. According to the American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Work (AIC), "light, temperature and relative humidity, dust, and pollutants," also cause deterioration. Ultra-violet (UV) light from daylight and fluorescent bulbs injures fabric; high temperatures accelerate the deterioration while fluctuating humidity causes material to expand and contract. Dust and pollutants stain material and can cause abrasive damage. Keep garments safe by finding a storage area in your house that is clean, away from insects and animals, and has a stable temperature and humidity. Attics, basements, and garages are not good choices. A closet away from heat and water sources would be ideal. Storage Once you have selected a storage spot, it's actually quite simple to preserve old clothing or new special garments. Here are a few guidelines: . Stay away from wood, plastic, cardboard, or metal storage supplies. Wood and acidic cardboard will stain fabric, while plastics emit a gas that causes deterioration. Metal is abrasive and has a tendency to rust. . Invest in proper storage supplies. Silk and wool do best with products that are unbuffered with a neutral ph (7.0), while cotton and linen storage requires products with an alkaline buffer (ph higher than 7.0) to neutralize acid. Specialty suppliers like Light Impressions (www.lightimpressionsdirect.com) can help you select appropriate materials. . Fold garments as little as possible because it causes stress along the fold lines. Hanging clothing pulls on the seams in heavy outfits causing tears, so if you can find a box to hold your garment full-length, use it. Light-weight garments without any visible damage can be stored hanging with extra support. . If you need to hang clothing use padded hangers and invest in unbleached cotton fabric for dust covers. You might be able to purchase unbleached cotton fabric at your local sewing shop. Before buying padded hangers in stores, compare their specifications with those available from museum suppliers to make sure the hangers are safe to use with your garments' fabric. Additional storage directions can be found in Caring for Your Collections, by Arthur W. Schultz, general editor (National Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Property/Abrams, 1992) and Considerations for the Care of Textiles and Costumes: A Handbook for the Non-Specialist, by Harold F. Mailand (Indianapolis Museum of Art, 1980). For specific information on wedding dresses, see my earlier column "I Do." Cleaning It's a good idea to clean garments before storage to eliminate any dust or food, both of which can cause problems later. Prior to cleaning, assess the piece for damaged areas and fragile sections like seams. Conservators suggest using a soft bristle brush to remove dust and other particles. If in doubt about whether to wash or dry clean a garment, consult a conservator. Use extra caution if you can't identify the fabric. Telling the Story Keep the memories of these garments alive. Do as the song says--"the photographers will snap us"--and take pictures of people wearing special attire. Record their story by taping their reminiscences or, like Irving Berlin, "write a sonnet about your Easter bonnet." Your descendants will enjoy learning about your fashion sense (like the fishnet stockings you wore to shock your parents). If you have an heirloom garment in storage attach a label to the dust cover explaining: what the article is, who it belonged to, and that individual's life dates. Telling the story of these favorite articles of clothing firmly establishes them as artifacts worth protecting. Maureen A. Taylor is the author of Uncovering Your Ancestry Through Family Photographs (Family Tree Books, 2005). Send your preservation questions to her at mtaylor@taylorandstrong.com using Saving Family Treasures as the subject line. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online http://www.biographi.ca/EN/index.html Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Up to 1700 http://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/COLEMAN.html 1700-1749 http://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/COLE2.html 1750-1799 http://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/COLE3.html 1800-1864 http://www.angelfire.com/ga/BobSanders/COLE4.html Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Nez Perce Tribe Web Site http://www.nezperce.org/Main.html Native American Sites http://www.coolrogue.net/native/nativetoc.html Native American Genealogy http://www.coolrogue.net/native/nagenealogy.html Native American Resources http://members.aol.com/bbbenge/page12.html Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

March 06, 2005 The Sunday Times - Scotland Poor Scots Who Became White Trash Rebels, Covenanters - all sorts of 'redlegs' were shipped to Barbados over the centuries, writes Chris Dolan My day off and wouldn't you know it, the rain's bucketing down. I'm the only passenger on the number 22 bus trundling through the sodden hills of Scotland, on my way to visit some National Trust gardens. I'm sitting up chatting with the driver, Sylvan, who's going to let me off at the right stop, but I can hardly understand a word he's saying - his northern accent's a killer. I'm about to step out into the pelting rain, when he says it's hardly a day for wandering round gardens. Instead he reaches down beside his seat and pulls out two bottles of Carib lager, cracks them open and I sit back to enjoy a two-dollar trip through a miniature, but today magnificently rainy, rainforest. That bus ride was 10 years ago, but it's been on my mind ever since - a book I'm writing came directly out of that first trip around the northern parishes of Scotland district, Barbados. And now, together with BBC producer and historian Louise Yeoman, I've been making a radio programme about Caribbean poor whites. In Barbados, they're called "redlegs" because - according to legend - their ancestors in the cane fields got their legs sunburned below the hem of their kilts. About 170 Jacobite rebels were "Barbado'ed" after the rising of 1715 - and there are other sources of Scots ancestry in Barbados, too. A few years after my bus ride with Sylvan I was back seeing friends and doing some research on the island. I met a man called Mac who looked as frazzled as a tourist halfway through a package tour out of Glasgow. The minute Mac spoke, however, the illusion was shattered: the man talked like Shaggy on drugs. He lived in St Martin Bay, on the wild east coast of the island, up by the Scotland district, which rises into stark hills and craggy cliffs in the north of the island. It's here that the redlegs have traditionally lived. "Backras" Sylvan called them. "'Cause no respectable family wanted to sit next to poor white trash in church. They were made to sit in the back pews only." I've since heard other theories about poor white genealogy and lifestyles - and other translations of "backra". According to Karl Watson of the University of the West Indies "nyam" buckras translates from an African language as "useless white men". These people are not the descendents of rich planters. Nor is their heritage confined to Jacobite rebels. They come from a rich stew of indentured workers from Scotland, Wales and northern England who were either exiled or sold themselves into slavery in the hope of making good eventually. There'll be Barbado'ed Irish thieves and prostitutes in there somewhere, too. And Covenanters. Louise, when I first told her the end of the story I knew - the West Indian side - immediately made the connection with the Covenanting wars. She contacted fellow historian Mark Jardine, who in the programme, takes us deep into religious Lanarkshire. In a glen west of Douglas a man called James Gavin had been hiding out, but was caught by soldiers. In the wake of the rebellion by the Duke of Monmouth's Covenanters the English army were nervy about any kind of Protestant agitator. Gavin was a Cameronian - the most fundamentalist of Covenanting Protestants. He was marched, barefoot, to Edinburgh, where John Graham of Claverhouse, relentless pursuer of Covenanters, had the prisoner's ears chopped off. He was then shipped out to Carolina, where he must have been bought by a Bajan planter. Other Scots who followed had different roles. They were often factors and factotums - the men who held the whip. Gilbert Milroy, another Scottish Covenanter who became an overseer, was so violent that his slaves attempted to kill him. The next wave of immigrants to make the appalling sail to the Caribbean was the starving poor. Scotland was in the grip of famine in the 1690s. Seven ships sailed out bearing 850 souls for Barbados. Then, 15 years or so later, the legendary Barbado'ed Jacobites followed them. There were instances of white servants joining forces with black slaves in revolt against their masters. But they were rare, and died out once abolition and emancipation came onto the scene. Poor whites and freed blacks were now competing for the same jobs, the same slivers of land, the same crumbs of social status brushed from the planters' tables. Poor whites, inevitably perhaps, played the race card. For years the poor whites clung on to a sense of superiority: a romanticism of being lost Scots, waiting to return home in glory. That's all changing now. Few people accept the tags "redleg" or "backra" any more. There are still white and mixed race communities in parts of Bridgetown and around the Scotland area, but they feel, as Watson puts it, "black in a white skin". There are lost white tribes like the redlegs peppered around the Americas - supposed Poles in Haiti, semi-German communities in Jamaica. What is it that happens to a people who have been severed from their own history? None of the high principle of the Covenanting tradition seems to have stayed with Barbados's poor whites; certainly no Jacobite nationalism. After clinging desperately to a forlorn take on white supremacy, they lost their music, their culture, and whatever little power they once had. The redlegs of Barbados and St Vincent are fast disappearing - like snow melting under the tropical sun. Poor whites. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2090-1510537,00.html Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Do Not Assume from Kimberly Powell, Your Guide to Genealogy Commonly Mistaken Assumptions in Genealogy When researching your family history, it is easy to get excited about new evidence and find yourself quickly led astray. While these common genealogical assumptions can provide the basis for a good working hypothesis, they can't be seriously taken as proof without further research. 1) A man's wife or widow was the mother of his children. A man's children could have been fathered by his wife (or widow), a previous or later wife, or even another woman. Parentage is one of those genealogical facts which should never be assumed. 2) If no marriage record is found, the children are probably illegitimate. Early marriages were not always documented. Marriage records may have also been lost due to fire, water damage or neglect. The marriage may have been misfiled, or the record kept in a repository which you have not yet checked. When you can't find a marriage record, look for alternative forms of proof - including newspaper announcements and church records. 3) Three men living in the same county, who are close in age with the same last name, are probably brothers. While this is an understandable assumption, these men could actually be cousins, or even unrelated. Look for further corroborating evidence, including the proximity of their homes, common naming patterns among their children, and records in which they are listed as witnesses for each other. 4) That an ancestor named Jr. has a father with the same name. The terms "Junior" and "Senior" as well as other family terms such as "aunt" and "cousin" were often used very loosely. A designation of Jr., for example, may have been used in official records to identify between two men of the same name, even if they were unrelated (the younger of the two being called "Jr."). 5) People followed common migration routes. Just because most of your ancestors' North Carolina neighbors came from Virginia, it doesn't mean that your ancestors did. While many individuals did follow common migration routes, making this a good working hypothesis, you can't assume it is true without further research. 6) People usually died in their sixties. While most people in a generation may have followed the average life-span, your ancestor may have died very young from illness or accident, or lived to a much older age than many of their contemporaries. Just because your ancestor doesn't appear in the census after their 60th birthday doesn't necessarily mean that they died. Likewise, when a 20-year-old female no longer appears with her parents, it doesn't necessarily indicate that she must have married. 7) An ancestor who was born and died in the same place never moved. It wasn't that uncommon for people to end up back where they started after spending a big part of their life moving around. Family, jobs or money may have caused your ancestors to move many times, but as these requirements lessened as they got older they may well have returned home to live near their family. Create a timeline for your ancestor's life and research their life and activities at many points along the way. 8) A female with the same last name as her father must be unmarried. A common assumption to make, this genealogy premise often proves to be true. However, you need to rule out that the female didn't marry a man with the same surname as her father - a more common occurrence than you may think, especially in areas with a large number of families with the same surname. Alternatively, the daughter may actually have married, and then took back her father's name after a divorce. 9) That an ancestor who disappeared from the records of a town or county must have moved. People aren't the only things that move. Political and geographical boundaries move as well. The county where your ancestor lived may have been divided into new counties, and his records may be found in a different courthouse. Or he may have started traveling to a courthouse in a neighboring jurisdiction because a new road or other reason may have made that trip more convenient. 10) A male name indicates a male, and female name a female. Names aren't always what they appear. Naming trends change often. The female first name Kimberly, for example, was originally a boy's name. Parents may also have chosen an unusual name to honor an ancestor, a famous individual, or just because they liked it. While assumptions are a necessary part of genealogical research, the trick is to recognize them as assumptions, and substantiate or disprove them with further evidence. Avoiding false or mistaken assumptions can save hours of time and frustration. http://genealogy.about.com/od/basics/a/assumptions.htm?nl=1 Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Pictures are a wonderful way to document graveyards, from scenic views of the cemetery, to inscriptions of individual tombstones. It isn't always as easy as it seems, however, to achieve sharp, clear photographs of stones that may be centuries old. That old stone may be easy enough to read when you're standing just a few feet away, but capturing its three dimensional carving and inscriptions on a flat picture sometimes takes a bit of work. What to Photograph It's not every day that you get to visit an ancestor's cemetery, so take the time, if you can, to create a photographic record of the entire cemetery, rather than just a single tombstone: . Take at least two shots of each headstone, one close up so that you can read the inscription, and one from a distance which identifies the marker's location in the cemetery. If the gravestone is one of several in a family grouping, then you may also want to take a wide angle shot of the entire family plot (a tombstone's position in relation to other family members may provide a clue to relationships). . Take several pictures (from different angles) showing the entire cemetery, or at least as large a portion of it as you can fit in a single picture. . Unless it is a small family plot hidden in the middle of a cornfield, the front gates or entrance of the cemetery makes another good view to record on film. For the remainder of the article: http://genealogy.about.com/od/cemetery_records/a/pictures.htm?nl=1

This was on another mailing list, looks like there's a lot of interesting info available. Sally ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ First of all, always check a website to see what's there unless it's a census or something very specific. This is titled The New-England magazine but what's listed below includes Georgia, the Pawnee Indians and deaths/obituaries from many places. Many links are like that including the GenWeb and GenNet websites. If you don't check, you miss out. This is a real hodge-podge but fascinating. The news items are from 1831. The first one concerns white people on the Cherokee Lands in Georgia. The second one (same link) is about small pox in a tribe in the Pawnee Nation which pretty much destroyed the tribe. The rest of the links are from the same magazine, and are deaths and obituaries listed in November and December of 1831. The last death links are from 1797, don't know the journal issue. There is no rhyme or reason to the listings. You have to wade through everything but a lot of the people were in the Revolutionary War and it lists their rating and if a widow, it lists their husbands rating. Sometimes, it lists their service history. Please note that there is another "New England Magazine" listed that is an industrial magazine so make sure you put a hyphen in the name: "The New-England magazine" if you do a search. This is from the Making of America website at Cornell University. It's strange, because normally the Making of America website at the University of Michigan has more New England items. In case you weren't aware of it, each website has different items. Those are the first two links. Making of America - University of Michigan http://www.hti.umich.edu/m/moagrp/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Making of America - Cornell University http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/moa/ ~~~~~~~~~~~~ MOA_ADV Tiny URL: http://shorl.com/gesalelegrago Title: The New-England magazine. / Volume 1, Issue 6 Publisher: J. T. and E. Buckingham Publication Date: December 1831 City: Boston Pages: 556 page images in vol. This journal issue: http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABS8100-0001&byte =115784103 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Page 545 (right side) Cherokees / Pawnees & Small Pox (news items) Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/4fxh3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 546 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/4fxh3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 547 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/63nu9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 548 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/6ytob ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Title: The New-England magazine. / Volume 1, Issue 5 Publisher: J. T. and E. Buckingham Publication Date: November 1831 City: Boston Pages: 556 page images in vol. This journal issue: http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/moa-cgi?notisid=ABS8100-0001&byte =115684708 MOA_ADV Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/5nvln ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 453 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/6lgm6 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 454 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/5sw5y ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 183 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/6ogst ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Deaths - Page 184 Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/4jcs8 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The New-England magazine - Index of Articles Tiny URL = http://tinyurl.com/6ogst [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] To Unsubscribe email: Candyman-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com Yahoogroups URL: http://www.yahoogroups.com/community/Candyman Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT click here <http://us.ard.yahoo.com/SIG=129fpfv3d/M=298184.6191685.7192823.3001176/D=gr oups/S=1705690932:HM/EXP=1112094478/A=2593423/R=0/SIG=11el9gslf/*http://www. netflix.com/Default?mqso=60190075> <http://us.adserver.yahoo.com/l?M=298184.6191685.7192823.3001176/D=groups/S= :HM/A=2593423/rand=848964603> ________________________________ Yahoo! Groups Links * To visit your group on the web, go to: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Candyman/ * To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: Candyman-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com <mailto:Candyman-unsubscribe@yahoogroups.com?subject=Unsubscribe> * Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service <http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/> .

One guy born in 1737 appears in my tree almost a dozen time *whistles" I am my own grandpa"* fuzzy-brandy-butter-elf Proud member of the IBSSG --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! Small Business - Try our new resources site!

Ancestry Quick Tip [reprinted w/prior permission o Juliana Smith, Editor of Ancestry Daily News] Record Those Memories! by Hazel Rawls Carr Please, please encourage those who are currently doing genealogy research now to write down their memoirs. My parents are deceased and many "oldies" have been forgotten, but my brothers and I are exchanging our remembrances of things our dad use to say. For example, when we were out riding in a car and one driver would be in a hurry and pass another, he would say, "Beep, beep, toot, toot, honk, honk, get out of my way or I'll run over you." We remember that from back in the 40s. Another saying he liked was, "It's not what you know, it's who you know." Normally, he wasn't an outspoken man, but on certain things, he had a lot of influence. Not only have I been writing my "life story" (I'm 72), but I have also written bios of my parents, grandparents, and from what newspapers had written, my great-grandfather. From this bio of the latter, he name was entered into the Hall of Fame in Rocky Mount, N.C., and he was one chosen to be inducted because of how much he had done for our hometown back in the early 1900s. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---- Thanks to Hazel Rawls Carr for today's Quick Tip! If you have a tip you would like to share with researchers, you can send it to ADNeditor@ancestry.com. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Maryland: Genealogical Society - Members Ancestry Project <http://www.mdgensoc.org/genealogyfortng/index.html> http://www.mdgensoc.org/genealogyfortng/index.html <http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~shamere/shiplist.html> Sally Rolls Pavia <mailto:sallypavia2001@yahoo.com> sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: <mailto:GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com> GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: <http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES> http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Indian Land Cessions Maps and Treaties in the American Southeast. Indian Treaty Maps and Treaties. http://www.tngenweb.org/cessions/ Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

In a message dated 3/26/2005 7:20:38 A.M. US Mountain Standard Time, sallypavia2001@yahoo.com writes: Happy Easter!! Hope you all have a great day with family and friends. Thanks much for the beautiful Easter greeting, and a BIG thank you for all you to do help all of us! Hope your Easter is wonderful! Barbara Vanzant

In a message dated 3/26/2005 7:32:27 A.M. US Mountain Standard Time, sallypavia2001@yahoo.com writes: On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. In 1952--an epidemic year for polio--there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. Thanks for this reminder, Sally. How well I remember the day this discovery was announced--and how very happy everyone was about it! What a great day that was!!! Barbara V.

During the summer months, you avoided crowds, flies and all other kinds of flying critters. No one, of the common folk, knew what caused polio and it scared our parents half to death. It must have been terrible for our parents; we kids didn't pay that much attention .. being kids. Sally SALK ANNOUNCES POLIO VACCINE: March 26, 1953 On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio. In 1952--an epidemic year for polio--there were 58,000 new cases reported in the United States, and more than 3,000 died from the disease. For promising eventually to eradicate the disease, which is known as "infant paralysis" because it mainly affects children, Dr. Salk was celebrated as the great doctor-benefactor of his time. Polio, a disease that has affected humanity throughout recorded history, attacks the nervous system and can cause varying degrees of paralysis. Since the virus is easily transmitted, epidemics were commonplace in the first decades of the 20th century. The first major polio epidemic in the United States occurred in Vermont in the summer of 1894, and by the 20th century thousands were affected every year. In the first decades of the 20th century, treatments were limited to quarantines and the infamous "iron lung," a metal coffin-like contraption that aided respiration. Although children, and especially infants, were among the worst affected, adults were also often afflicted, including future president Franklin D. Roosevelt, who in 1921 was stricken with polio at the age of 39 and was left partially paralyzed. Roosevelt later transformed his estate in Warm Springs, Georgia, into a recovery retreat for polio victims and was instrumental in raising funds for polio-related research and the treatment of polio patients. Salk, born in New York City in 1914, first conducted research on viruses in the 1930s when he was a medical student at New York University, and during World War II helped develop flu vaccines. In 1947, he became head of a research laboratory at the University of Pittsburgh and in 1948 was awarded a grant to study the polio virus and develop a possible vaccine. By 1950, he had an early version of his polio vaccine. Salk's procedure, first attempted unsuccessfully by American Maurice Brodie in the 1930s, was to kill several strains of the virus and then inject the benign viruses into a healthy person's bloodstream. The person's immune system would then create antibodies designed to resist future exposure to poliomyelitis. Salk conducted the first human trials on former polio patients and on himself and his family, and by 1953 was ready to announce his findings. This occurred on the CBS national radio network on the evening of March 25 and two days later in an article published in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Dr. Salk became an immediate celebrity. In 1954, clinical trials using the Salk vaccine and a placebo began on nearly two million American schoolchildren. In April 1955, it was announced that the vaccine was effective and safe, and a nationwide inoculation campaign began. New polio cases dropped to under 6,000 in 1957, the first year after the vaccine was widely available. In 1962, an oral vaccine developed by Polish-American researcher Albert Sabin became available, greatly facilitating distribution of the polio vaccine. Today, there are just a handful of polio cases in the United States every year, and most of these are "imported" by Americans from developing nations where polio is still a problem. Among other honors, Jonas Salk was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1977. He died in La Jolla, California, in 1995. ------------------------------------------------------------------ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ 623 974-0195 sallypavia2001@yahoo.com

Happy Easter!! Hope you all have a great day with family and friends. Sally http://www.bluemountain.com/view.pd?i=118632571&m=2440&source=bma999

Faye I found this at the URL below. It explains it well. As for the Half siblings we never made a difference with them. They were all our Aunts and Uncles. <SMILE> If you start with the pedigree chart, use yourself as the base person and enter your parents, grandparents and other direct ancestors. (A direct ancestor is a parent, grandparent, great grandparent, great-great-grandparent, etc. Aunts, uncles, great aunts and uncles, in-laws, etc. are consider collateral ancestors.) Enter birth dates, places (including the county, if known), marriage dates and places. Include as much information as possible. Then move to a family group sheet. All unions (whether or not they married) should have a family group sheet. Again, include as much information as possible. http://www.didian.com/branch/start.html Sue Ellen "Life is what happens while you are making other plans"

http://www2.johnstown.k12.oh.us/cornell/ The One-Room Schoolhouse Center is an online resource for vintage one-room schoolhouses. =~=~=~= http://vital-tree.tripod.com/index.html The Vital Tree This is a site where people can browse, donate, and get copies of vital records FREE. =~=~=~= http://www.idreamof.com/marriage/ca.html California Marriage Databases - I Dream of Largest collection of California marriage databases on the Web! Search these and over 75,000 other online genealogy databases at I Dream of Genealogy. Glory Gospel Group http://glorygospelgroup.homestead.com/Welcome.html Cades Cove Preservation Site http://cadescovepreservationtn.homestead.com/welcome.html Cades Cove,TN Site http://cadescove.homestead.com/cadescove.html -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.8.1 - Release Date: 3/23/2005

On one of the mailing lists, someone asked for the abbreviations for state counties. Didn't know such a thing existed but just ran across the list for Kansas. It can be found at: http://www.ku.edu/heritage/orsh/133/kanscoun.html Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "A conscience is what hurts when all your other parts feel so good." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"