www.census-online.com Its free and searchable "Never underestimate the power of human stupidity." by Lazarus Long proud member of the IBSSG __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

I had a friend whose father was in WWI, her Mother was younger than his daughter, and he was gassed during the war. Even in the 1950s he was still suffering with his health. .. Sally On April 22, 1915, German forces shock Allied soldiers along the western front by firing more than 150 tons of lethal chlorine gas against two French colonial divisions at Ypres, Belgium. This was the first major gas attack by the Germans, and it devastated the Allied line.Toxic smoke has been used occasionally in warfare since ancient times, and in 1912 the French used small amounts of tear gas in police operations. At the outbreak of World War I, the Germans began actively to develop chemical weapons. In October 1914, the Germans placed some small tear-gas canisters in shells that were fired at Neuve Chapelle, France, but Allied troops were not exposed. In January 1915, the Germans fired shells loaded with xylyl bromide, a more lethal gas, at Russian troops at Bolimov on the eastern front. Because of the wintry cold, most of the gas froze, but the Russians nonetheless reported more than 1,000 killed as a result of the new weapon.On April 22, 1915, the Germans launched their first and only offensive of the year. Known as the Second Battle of Ypres, the offensive began with the usual artillery bombardment of the enemy's line. When the shelling died down, the Allied defenders waited for the first wave of German attack troops but instead were thrown into panic when chlorine gas wafted across no-man's land and down into their trenches. The Germans targeted four miles of the front with the wind-blown poison gas and decimated two divisions of French and Algerian colonial troops. The Allied line was breached, but the Germans, perhaps as shocked as the Allies by the devastating effects of the poison gas, failed to take full advantage, and the Allies held most of their positions.A second gas attack, against a Canadian division, on April 24, pushed the Allies further back, and by May they had retreated to the town of Ypres. The Second Battle of Ypres ended on May 25, with insignificant gains for the Germans. The introduction of poison gas, however, would have great significance in World War I.Immediately after the German gas attack at Ypres, France and Britain began developing their own chemical weapons and gas masks. With the Germans taking the lead, an extensive number of projectiles filled with deadly substances polluted the trenches of World War I. Mustard gas, introduced by the Germans in 1917, blistered the skin, eyes, and lungs, and killed thousands. Military strategists defended the use of poison gas by saying it reduced the enemy's ability to respond and thus saved lives in offensives. In reality, defenses against poison gas usually kept pace with offensive developments, and both sides employed sophisticated gas masks and protective clothing that essentially negated the strategic importance of chemical weapons.The United States, which entered World War I in 1917, also developed and used chemical weapons. Future president Harry S. Truman was the captain of a U.S. field artillery unit that fired poison gas against the Germans in 1918. In all, more than 100,000 tons of chemical weapons agents were used in World War I, some 500,000 troops were injured, and almost 30,000 died, including 2,000 Americans.In the years following World War I, Britain, France, and Spain used chemical weapons in various colonial struggles, despite mounting international criticism of chemical warfare. In 1925, the Geneva Protocol of 1925 banned the use of chemical weapons in war but did not outlaw their development or stockpiling. Most major powers built up substantial chemical weapons reserves. In the 1930s, Italy employed chemical weapons against Ethiopia, and Japan used them against China. In World War II, chemical warfare did not occur, primarily because all the major belligerents possessed both chemical weapons and the defenses--such as gas masks, protective clothing, and detectors--that rendered them ineffectual. In addition, in a war characterized by lightning-fast military movement, strategists opposed the use of anything that would delay operations. Germany, however, did use poison gas to murder millions in its extermination camps.Since World War II, chemical weapons have only been used in a handful of conflicts--the Yemeni conflict of 1966-67, the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88--and always against forces that lacked gas masks or other simple defenses. In 1990, the United States and the Soviet Union signed an agreement to cut their chemical weapons arsenals by 80 percent in an effort to discourage smaller nations from stockpiling the weapons. In 1993, an international treaty was signed banning the production, stockpiling (after 2007), and use of chemical weapons. It took effect in 1997 and has been ratified by 128 nations. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

If you had someone in AZ, this is a great site. Gives lots of info on the individuals, including where they were born, parents, wife, children, etc. Sally The people listed as pioneers came from all over the United States and Mexico. Hayden Arizona Pioneer Biographies Index http://www.asu.edu/lib/archives/azbio/bioindex.htm Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Most of these books are completely online; a few only have selected chapters. There are names in all but a few. I tried to pull the books with names but the main page lists many more books that would be great for background material...see the first link. If you are interested in the surnames Stanley, Douglas or "Corlet, Colett, Corlette" those names are mentioned numerous times. Ohio also has a couple of links dealing with Manxmen who settled there. Included in those are mentions of people from New England. Index Page for Full Text - Main Page - list of all the books online http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/index.htm Index - Pigot's Directory, 1823 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/pg1823/index.htm Blue Book Index to A Short History of the Transactions ..., 1825 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/sh1825/index.htm (note the authorship of much of this is questionable) Being the Diary of one Thomas Kelly, a Manxman from Jurby, one of the early pioneers from the Isle of Man, who made the adventurous journey to the New World and settled with his family in the United States in 1827 Thomas Kelly's and Famaly's Journal http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/kj1827.htm Index - The Isle of Man Charities, 1831 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ch1831/index.htm Index - Pigot's Directory, 1837 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/pg1837/index.htm Index 'Isle of Man and Dioces of Sodor and Mann' Wm. P. Ward 1837 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/wd1837/index.htm Index to Train's History of Isle of Man, 1844 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/tr1844/index.htm Index to Advocates Notebook, 1847 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/an1847/index.htm Index - Thwaites Isle of Man Guide and Directory 1863 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/tg1863/index.htm Index to Draper 'House of Stanley', 1864 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hs1864/index.htm Index Lancashire Worthies, 1874 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/lw1874/index.htm Index to Brown's Directory, 1882 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/bd1881/index.htm Index - Smith's Isle of Man Commercial Directory 1883 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/sm1883/index.htm Index - Porter's Directory 1889 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/pd1889/index.htm Not a book. Family Names of the Isle of Man http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/famhist/fnames/index.htm Index - Diocesan History, A.W.Moore 1893 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/dh1893/index.htm The Land of Home Rule http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/sw1893/index.htm Index - Brown's Isle of Man Guide and Directory 1894 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/bd1894/index.htm Contents - From King Orry to Queen Victoria, 1899 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/cw1899/index.htm A History of the Isle of Man http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hist1900/index.htm Index - Manx Sun History of Dumbell's Bank, 1900 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ms1900/index.htm Index to Mercantile Manxland, 1900 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/mm1900/index.htm Has a chapter on emigrants which includes 'Ohio Settlers'. Manx Worthies http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/worthies/index.htm Index - Reminiscences of Notable Douglas Citizens etc, 1902 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/jc1902/index.htm Last chapter for names. Index to Extracts from House of Keys Journal http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hk1890/index.htm Index to Manx Notes and Queries, 1904 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/mnq1904/index.htm Index - History of Isle of Man Steam Packet Co., 1904 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/sp1904/index.htm Rambling but a lot of names mentioned. I only read the last part and this 'old Manxman' really didn't like his wife.<g> Index to Recollections of an old Manxman, 1906 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/om1906/index.htm Index to 128 Views, c. 1907 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/tourism/pcards/val128/index.htm High-Bailiff Laughton's Reminiscences - 1916 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/lr1916/index.htm Index to Isle of Man and the Great War http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/gw1922/index.htm Not very many names but there is an index. How the Manx Fleet helped in the Great War http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/mf1923/index.htm There is a list of surnames. Index Page - Manorial Roll, 1511/1515 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/manroll/index.htm The First Century of Presbyterianism in Douglas http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/pb1925/text.htm Index to 'Sixty Years of Banking' by P.G.Ralfe http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/sx1925/index.htm St Michael's Church - Guide (1927) http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/km1927/text.htm No names as such but an interesting discussion of education and the culture of the times. Index to A Hundred Years of Education http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ow1933/index.htm No names; interesting background material. Index to A Manx Scrapbook, 1929 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/scrap1/index.htm Some names with descriptions. Index to A Second Manx Scrapbook, 1932 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/scrap1/index.htm Surnames; personal names; English names in Man Index to Third Manx Scrapbook, 1963 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/scrap3/index.htm Quakers on the Isle of Man; extremely interesting! Extracts from Gough History of the People called Quakers,1789 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/scrap3/index.htm Holden's Directory, 1811 - 'Man, Isle of' http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hdn1811.htm No names. "The following extract, pp327/348 gives a humorous account of his stay in Douglas. The author was a dwarf musician (he states he did not grow past 3ft 6in) who paid his way by giving concerts on the violin etc." Memoirs of Count Boruwlaski, 1820 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/bz1820.htm Names, particularly the Lake County section; early Mormons', Historical Collections of Ohio, 1849 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/oh1849/index.htm THE ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE ISLE OF MAN http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/newton/newton.htm WINWICK: Its History and Antiquities http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ww1897.htm Manxland Epitaths, W. Andrews, 1899 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/ce1899.htm IoM - Lancashire Nonconfomity http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/nc1893.htm RUILLICK-NY-QUAKERYN - Notes on the History of Quakers on the Isle of Man http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/rq1908/text.htm Not a book; just a list. Manx Society - List of founder members http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/memlist.htm 1908 - Isle of Man Examiner Annual http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/exans/idx_1908.htm Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Genealogy Goulash Dates to Keep in Mind by Paula Stuart-Warren, CGRS [printed with prior permission of Juliana Smith, Editor of Ancestry Daily News] Dates are so important in our family searches. They impact the veracity of family stories and records. What I am referring to in today's column is historical dates. It might be the date of a momentous event in history, of the creation of a record, of an invention, or of the date that invention was publicly available. A typed record book that includes all pre-1850 information is not the original. If grandma told you that when she was born in 1901 her father drove her mother to the hospital in his Model T that might be a problematic date. The Model T did not roll into our ancestor's lives in 1908. Situations such as this mean it is time to reconnoiter and check details. My aim is to cause you to pause and think about the creation of a record or index that appears to be the original before automatically accepting it. Typed and Easy-on-the-Eyes After reading older records for a few hours you are thrilled when the next set of records to be checked has a beautifully typed index. It was so considerate of those clerks to type rather than hand-write the entries. Or perhaps the old will book is typed rather than handwritten. It might be a good idea to contain your excitement a bit. Was there a typewriter in use at that courthouse when great-grandpa's 1859 will was transcribed into the will book? The first real public use typewriters were marketed by the Remington Arms Company in 1873. A typed index that begins with 1820s entries was created years later. Your typed 1859 will is likely not the "original." It is likely a clerk first transcribed your ancestor's original will into a record book. Errors could have been made during this transcription. A tired clerk may have abbreviated words or used initials rather than full given and middle names. A later clerk then prepared a typed version of these handwritten entries and there is a possibility of another round of errors. City Directory Entry Your great-grandparents lived in a city and shows up in the city directory. Let's say you are trying to narrow down his date of death. He appears in the 1893, 1894, 1895, and 1896 directories. Generally, in the case of a married couple at that time period, only the husband is listed. The 1897 lists neither him nor does it list his wife as a widow. The 1898 directory lists her as a widow. Did he die in 1897, 1898, or was it 1896? Check to see if the city directory has any information in the opening pages that give an indication of when the directory information was gathered. A few do give clues. For some years, the information gathering may actually have been done at the end of the previous year. I would suggest trying 1897 and 1896 for the death date. If those are not the death years, expand the search to include 1895 and 1898. The Family Bible You finally track down the old family Bible. You are in luck--it does have a couple pages of family data. As you study it you note that it gives you dates of birth, death, and marriage for three generations. You are so excited that you keep reading it and can hardly believe your good fortune. On the fifth read-through, you note that the handwriting for almost all the names and dates is the same! If you paid attention in your genealogy class you will know to be suspicious of this. Check the date of publication of the Bible--do the earliest dates written on the family page pre-date that publication date? Perhaps a family member purchased a Bible and did some retroactive family entries. This presents a likelihood of mistaken memory when recording the data. Born in a Specific County? Did your mother tell you that her grandmother was born in 1865 in DeKalb County, Illinois? Before entering that data onto a family group sheet or computer database, check to see when DeKalb County was officially formed. Checking the 2004 edition of the Red Book (published by Ancestry) shows that DeKalb County's official date is 1837. It was created from Kane County, so technically, your ancestor was born in Kane County. You also need to check on state, territorial, and country dates of origin. Many countries have had several instances of changing borders and country name. Once again, understanding the history of a place is vital. Served in the Civil War? <http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?sourceid=10891&targetid=5164> The military stories handed down include one about an ancestor who died during his Civil War service in 1860 or just that in 1860 he served in the Civil War. The Civil War began in April of 1861. It is possible that your ancestor did have military service, perhaps he served in a home guard or local militia unit. That unit may have evolved into a full-blown unit that did also serve during 1861-65. Once again, the dates are important. Homesteaded in 1852? Have you read an old family history or some site online that tells about the Murphy family that homesteaded in 1852? The Homestead Act was not until 1862, and perhaps the story is that the family had located their new home on a piece of land in 1852 and just always called it their homestead. Often, those not familiar with the actual Homestead Act date use the term homestead to indicate some early settlement of the family on land in the westward moving frontier. The Moral of These Stories? Check the facts. Check the history. Check the version of the record. Check the handwriting. Your family history details will be far better than others who just accept things at face value or who wouldn't dare doubt the story grandpa told them. Some Other Dates to Keep in Mind * First general use telephone: By 1878, Alexander Graham Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long distance connections were made between Boston and New York City. * The first telephone directory appeared in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1878 and was a one full-page long! If your family lived in Chicago in 1878 they were not listed in the first telephone directory. * 1958 was the year the first commercial photocopier made its debut. Some earlier versions existed but they were not as widely available. There were also some other types of earlier photo duplication equipment; these also were not as widely available as today's photocopiers. If you are still curious about other "firsts" and dates that may impact your family history, check these websites. * History of the Office (About.com) http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bloffice.htm * "The Copying Pencil: Composition, History, and Conservation Implications" (American Institute for Conservation) http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v17/bp17-05.html * Antique Copying Machines (Early Office Museum) www.officemuseum.com/copy_machines.htm ________________________________ Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Spotlight on State Libraries and Archives: Texas The Texas State Archives collects and makes official records of the Texas government and other significant historical resources available for research. A number of these resources may be accessed via the Archives and Manuscripts homepage on the Texas State Library and Archives Commission web site http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/arc/index.html. Click on the Finding Aids link to locate the links to these resources. Map Collection This searchable database contains descriptions of more than 8,000 maps that cover the period from the early seventeenth century through the late twentieth century. Search results comprise a list of relevant maps. Click on map number links to bring up the descriptions of individual maps. The information provided includes the map number, date and title; publisher and/or cartographer; size and scale, format, type of map, donor, language and a list of related maps. In addition, there are approximately 700 digital images of maps in the collection. Republic Claims The database forms an index to papers submitted to the Texas Comptroller or Treasurer as documentation of goods or services provided to the government during the era of the Republic of Texas, 1835 - 1846. The index contains more than 48,500 names. The search results provide links to digital images for each claim. Examples of services provided to the Republic for which one could expect payment include military service or association with any military engagement during the period, attendance in an official capacity at a convention, or services as a witness in a county court case, to name a few. The record groups include Audited Claims, Republic Pensions, Public Debt Claims, and Unpaid and Miscellaneous Claims. As each record group contains very different types of papers, it is important to read the introduction to and overview of the database before beginning your search. Confederate Pension Applications The Confederate Pensions database is an index to the 54,634 approved, rejected and home pensions issued by the government of Texas between 1899 and 1975. The index provides names, county of residence and pension number. You should note that this database does not include all Texas residents who served in the Confederacy as Texas, like most southern states, only awarded pensions to veterans or their widows residing in Texas since 1880 who were disabled or indigent. Adjutant General Service Records This database contains official service records from the Adjutant General's Office and files created by other agencies, which contain information related to an individual's military service. Fifteen military organizations are represented in this database. The records cover the period from 1836 through 1935. The information in the files may include measurements of uniforms, payments for mustering in, warrants of authority, individual equipment records, general orders, oaths of allegiance, pay vouchers, powers of attorney, and discharge verifications. These documents have been scanned and saved as PDF documents. They are formatted to print on standard letter size paper. Confederate Indigent Families List In 1863, the Texas Legislature passed an "Act to Support the Families and Dependents of Texas Soldiers." The Act set aside funds to be paid to the families, widows and dependents of soldiers who were at the time serving in state and Confederate military forces or of soldiers who had been killed or disabled. This database is an index to county-wide lists of the dependents of the soldiers and their dependents who were eligible for assistance. Not all counties collected this information. The information varies from county to county and may include the name of the soldier, currently in service, disabled or killed in service, unit, and acting head of household in addition to the number of dependents, which is always included. If your family history research takes you to Texas, a visit to the Texas State Library and Archives Commission web site might be in order. Visit http://www.tsl.state.tx.us/arc/index.html. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

The SSDI, taken from the U.S. Social Security Administration's Death Master File, is one of the key resources available to genealogists today. It contains those individuals who were assigned Social Security numbers and whose death was reported to the SSA. Note: Access to the SSDI is FREE to all who visit NewEnglandAncestors.org. This database contains the names of more than 73,644,336 individuals, most of whose deaths were recorded after 1965. Search this database at http://www.newenglandancestors.org/research/Database/ss/default.asp Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

In the skies over Vauz sur Somme, France, Manfred von Richthofen, the notorious German flying ace known as "The Red Baron," is killed by Allied fire. Richthofen, the son of a Prussian nobleman, switched from the German army to the Imperial Air Service in 1915. By 1916, he was terrorizing the skies over the western front in an Albatross biplane, downing 15 enemy planes by the end of the year, including one piloted by British flying ace Major Lanoe Hawker. In 1917, Richthofen surpassed all flying ace records on both sides of the western front and began using a Fokker triplane, painted entirely red in tribute to his old cavalry regiment. Although only used during the last eight months of his career, it is this aircraft that Richthofen was most commonly associated with and it led to an enduring English nickname for the German pilot--the Red Baron. On April 21, 1918, with 80 victories under his belt, Richthofen penetrated deep into Allied territory in pursuit of a British aircraft. The Red Baron was flying too near the ground--an Australian gunner shot him through his chest, and his plane crashed into a field alongside the road from Corbie to Bray. Another account has Captain A. Roy Brown, a Canadian in the Royal Air Force, shooting him down. British troops recovered his body, and he was buried with full military honors. He was 25 years old. In a time of wooden and fabric aircraft, when 20 air victories ensured a pilot legendary status, Manfred von Richthofen downed 80 enemy aircraft and is regarded to this day as the ace of aces. http://www.historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272956& day=10272986

The free database is now up at the New England Historic Genealogical Society. It's a three-day free access to 'Massachusetts Vital Records to 1850'. It's extremely slow- loading and after you go through four or so pages, you get a 'page not found' notice. You have to fill out a very brief survey and they tell you to bookmark the search page otherwise you have to take the survey again if you want to go back to it. If you can access this at an 'odd' time, you might have quicker and better access than at peak times. The middle of the night or the very early morning hours should be about right.<g> New England Historic Genealogical Society(NEHGS) - New England Ancestors http://www.newenglandancestors.org/ Sally Rolls Pavia <mailto:sallypavia2001@yahoo.com> sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: <mailto:GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com> GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: <http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES> http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

http://geonames.usgs.gov Includes mountains, rivers, parks, streams etc. and the site is searchable "Never underestimate the power of human stupidity." by Lazarus Long proud member of the IBSSG __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com

Some Vital Records - Poland: Province of Nowy Sacz, in the district of Mszana Dolna for the various towns-- 7 of them. Contributors: (Both must be given credit) CANDACE TAYLOR and STEPHEN SUTOR. ftp://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/wggenweb/poland/nowysacz/mszanadolna/vitals/misc0 001.txt or Short Version: http://shorl.com/babybagrafupi Example: 1823 BIRTH---PAGUS KONINA Date: January 1...3; house 3; female Name: REGINA Father: HUDOMIEL, Sebastianus Mother: ZAWACKA, Helena God Parents: Joahimus Zawacki and Sophia Kuczajowa Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Colonel Robert E. Lee resigns from the United States army two days after he was offered command of the Union army and three days after his native state, Virginia, seceded from the Union. Lee opposed secession, but he was a loyal son of Virginia. His official resignation was only one sentence, but he wrote a longer explanation to his friend and mentor, General Winfield Scott, later that day. Lee had fought under Scott during the Mexican War, and he revealed to his former commander the depth of his struggle. Lee interviewed with Scott on April 18, and explained that he would have resigned then "but for the struggle it has cost me to separate myself from a service to which I have devoted the best years of my life and all the ability I possess." Lee expressed gratitude for the kindness shown him by all in the army during his 25-year service, but Lee was most grateful to Scott. "To no one, general, have I been as much indebted as to yourself for uniform kindness and consideration..." He concluded with this poignant sentiment: "Save in the defense of my native State, I never desire again to draw my sword." But draw it he would. Two days later, Lee was appointed commander of Virginia's forces with the rank of major general. He spent the next few months raising troops in Virginia, and in July he was sent to western Virginia to advise Confederate commanders struggling to maintain control over the mountainous region. Lee did little to build his reputation there as the Confederates experienced a series of setbacks, and he returned to Richmond when the Union gained control of the area. The next year, Lee assumed command of the Army of Northern Virginia after General Joseph Johnston was wounded in battle. Lee quickly turned the tables on Union General George B. McClellan, as he would several other commanders of the Army of the Potomac. His brilliance as a battlefield tactician earned him a place among the great military leaders of all time. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

Check out the Lincoln Museum dedicated today You'll want to check out the Lincoln Museum dedicated today in Springfield, Illinois. The website is: http://www.thelincolnmuseum.org/ From the Lincoln family album we read "Mary Todd was ambitious, politically sophisticated, and well educated. After she married Abraham Lincoln in 1842, the couple had four boys (one of whom died in 1850 at the age of three). Their marriage was tempestuous, due to her temper and his carelessness in domestic matters, but generally successful. For the first year after the Lincoln family moved to Washington in 1861, Mary reveled in her role as First Lady, although she outran her financial resources managing the White House. Tragedy struck in February 1862, when her favorite son Willie died at the age of eleven." There is much to be experienced by visiting the website. I believe the museum folks did an excellent job of attempting to translate the museum experience into an informational website. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

California Death Records http://vitals.rootsweb.com/ca/death/search.cgi?o_xid=0022468880& o_lid=0022468880&o_xt=22468880 [2-line URL] or Short Version: http://shorl.com/dyjipapisesto Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

On April 19, 1861, the first blood of the American Civil War is shed when a secessionist mob in Baltimore attacks Massachusetts troops bound for Washington, D.C. Four soldiers and 12 rioters were killed. One week earlier, on April 12, the Civil War began when Confederate shore batteries opened fire on Union-held Fort Sumter in South Carolina's Charleston Bay. During a 34-hour period, 50 Confederate guns and mortars launched more than 4,000 rounds at the poorly supplied fort. The fort's garrison returned fire, but lacking men, ammunition, and food, it was forced to surrender on April 13. There were no casualties in the fighting, but one federal soldier was killed the next day when a store of gunpowder was accidentally ignited during the firing of the final surrender salute. Two other federal soldiers were wounded, one mortally. On April 15, President Abraham Lincoln issued a public proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteer soldiers to help put down the Southern "insurrection." Northern states responded enthusiastically to the call, and within days the 6th Massachusetts Regiment was en route to Washington. On April 19, the troops arrived in Baltimore, Maryland, by train, disembarked, and boarded horse-drawn cars that were to take them across the city to where the rail line picked up again. Secessionist sympathy was strong in Maryland, a border state where slavery was legal, and an angry mob of secessionists gathered to confront the Yankee troops. Hoping to prevent the regiment from reaching the railroad station, and thus Washington, the mob blocked the carriages, and the troops were forced to continue on foot. The mob followed close behind and then, joined by other rioters, surrounded the regiment. Jeering turned to brick and stone throwing, and several federal troops responded by firing into the crowd. In the ensuing mayhem, the troops fought their way to the train station, taking and inflicting more casualties. At the terminal, the infantrymen were aided by Baltimore police, who held the crowd back and allowed them to board their train and escape. Much of their equipment was left behind. Four soldiers and 12 rioters were killed in what is generally regarded as the first bloodshed of the Civil War. Maryland officials demanded that no more federal troops be sent through the state, and secessionists destroyed rail bridges and telegraph lines to Washington to hinder the federal war effort. In May, Union troops occupied Baltimore, and martial law was declared. The federal occupation of Baltimore, and of other strategic points in Maryland, continued throughout the war. Because western Marylanders and workingmen supported the Union, and because federal authorities often jailed secessionist politicians, Maryland never voted for secession. Slavery was abolished in Maryland in 1864, the year before the Civil War's end. Eventually, more than 50,000 Marylanders fought for the Union while about 22,000 volunteered for the Confederacy. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

REVERE AND DAWES RIDE: April 18, 1775 In Massachusetts, British troops march out of Boston on a mission to confiscate the Patriot arsenal at Concord and to capture Patriot leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock, known to be hiding at Lexington. As the British departed, Boston Patriots Paul Revere and William Dawes set out on horseback from the city to warn Adams and Hancock and rouse the Patriot minutemen. By 1775, tensions between the American colonies and the British government approached the breaking point, especially in Massachusetts, where Patriot leaders formed a shadow revolutionary government and trained militias to prepare for armed conflict with the British troops occupying Boston. In the spring of 1775, General Thomas Gage, the British governor of Massachusetts, received instructions from England to seize all stores of weapons and gunpowder accessible to the American insurgents. On April 18, he ordered British troops to march against Concord and Lexington. The Boston Patriots had been preparing for such a British military action for some time, and upon learning of the British plan Revere and Dawes set off across the Massachusetts countryside. Taking separate routes in case one of them were captured, Dawes left Boston by the Boston Neck peninsula, and Revere crossed the Charles River to Charlestown by boat. As the two couriers made their way, Patriots in Charlestown waited for a signal from Boston informing them of the British troop movement. As previously agreed, one lantern would be hung in the steeple of Boston's Old North Church, the highest point in the city, if the British were marching out of the city by Boston Neck, and two if they were crossing the Charles River to Cambridge. Two lanterns were hung, and the armed Patriots set out for Lexington and Concord accordingly. Along the way, Revere and Dawes roused hundreds of minutemen, who armed themselves and set out to oppose the British. Revere arrived in Lexington shortly before Dawes, but together they warned Adams and Hancock and then set out for Concord. Along the way, they were joined by Samuel Prescott, a young Patriot who had been riding home after visiting a friend. Early in the morning of April 19, a British patrol captured Revere, and Dawes lost his horse, forcing him to walk back to Lexington on foot. However, Prescott escaped and rode on to Concord to warn the Patriots there. After being roughly questioned for an hour or two, Revere was released when the patrol heard minutemen alarm guns being fired on their approach to Lexington. Around 5 a.m., 700 British troops under Major John Pitcairn arrived at the town to find a 77-man-strong colonial militia under Captain John Parker waiting for them on Lexington's common green. Pitcairn ordered the outnumbered Patriots to disperse, and after a moment's hesitation the Americans began to drift off the green. Suddenly, the "shot heard around the world" was fired from an undetermined gun, and a cloud of musket smoke soon covered the green. When the brief Battle of Lexington ended, eight Americans lay dead and 10 others were wounded. Only one British soldier was injured, but the American Revolution had begun. Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

The "ml" should be at the end of the URL. April 20-23 This just in from Dick Eastman who works at HisGen, see: http://eogn.typepad.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2005/04/free_access_to_.ht ml or Short Version: http://shorl.com/bupirynysufry Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

April 20-23 This just in from Dick Eastman who works at HisGen, see: http://eogn.typepad.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2005/04/free_access_to_.ht ml Sally Rolls Pavia sallypavia2001@yahoo.com "Those who dislike the cat . were in a former life, a rat." List Owner: GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES-L-request@rootsweb.com Archives: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES "All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus"

http://www.marioncountycemetery.com/brooks/ TITLE: Pioneer Memorial Cemetery DESCRIPTION: Records for individuals buried at Pioneer Memorial Cemetery at Brooks in Marion Co., Oregon. =~=~=~= URL: http://www.marioncountycemetery.com/mthope/ TITLE: Mt. Hope Pioneer Cemetery DESCRIPTION: Records for individuals buried at Mt. Hope Pioneer Cemetery in Marion Co., Oregon. Glory Gospel Group http://glorygospelgroup.homestead.com/Welcome.html Cades Cove Preservation Site http://cadescovepreservationtn.homestead.com/welcome.html Cades Cove,TN Site http://cadescove.homestead.com/cadescove.html -- No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Anti-Virus. Version: 7.0.308 / Virus Database: 266.9.15 - Release Date: 4/16/2005

Hello Everyone! I know how we all hate to recheck for records but some times one really needs to do that very thing! In May 2003 I was in touch with a FOX family who had connections to the location where I live. I told them I would see if I could help find the records for them as we think there is a connection to my FOX line. I have been everywhere and made numerous telephone calls. We found some things but then it came to a stand still. I was told there was no death record, no church record, no cemetery record of the burial. Only the grave stones. Yesterday I went to the cemetery and walked until I found the grave stones. Church had burned and all records gone a long time ago so it was walk and walk until we nearly gave up. Then there they were..in the far corner by the fence. Now I had the proof they are really there on a double stone. A son is buried next to them but old cemetery book says he is son of another FOX. We know better from his probate, as it lists his siblings. Two daughters are near with husbands. I came home and called my friend who has been working on more records all winter. This time he had added the Veterans Records of our William to his list. He could give me the entire date of birth and death June 4 1923. We only have yrs on stone. He had cause of death and next of kin who we know is a daughter. The wife was on a CD he had been loaned by the Archives for his work this winter! I had checked with him twice before in past two years and he had nothing. Not until this winter when he was loaned material to type up and worked with the "new" data from the Columbus Veterans Registration. (I had sent for Williams Civil War records and they sent me the wrong file in Jan.) I went back to the online Ohio Death Index which I had checked time and time again for his death record. This time it was there! Remember they are adding to online data bases all the time on these sites. They have his name spelled Willian But we know this is William. Now we have a certificate number and date of death. I will now go to the Health department which I have called several times and see if they can find the record with the number. I have always been told they dont have it. If not we will send to Columbus for the record. Then I will search the newspaper microfilms and see if we can locate anything about them. She was drowned so there should be at least a line or two mentioning that fact and that she left a husband and seven children behind, the youngest being only a few months old. I know these people got tired of my calls and inquiries but I knew there had to be something in the records some where. I was determined not to quit! Now its finally paying off! Sue Ellen "Life is what happens while you are making other plans"