The federal censuses have been taken every 10 years and began in 1790 (1791 for Vermont). Due to privacy laws, only census records 72 years and older are available for open research. Each census has an "official date" that should always be noted. The census taker, regardless of what day he or she recorded the information, was to list the occupants of any given household on the official date of that year's census. The official dates for each year up to 1930 are listed below: · 1790—August 2 (first Monday in August) · 1800—August 4 (first Monday in August) · 1810—August 6 (first Monday in August) · 1820—August 7 (first Monday in August) · 1830-1880—June 1 · 1890—June 2 (first Monday in June) · 1900—June 1 · 1910—April 15 · 1920—January 1 · 1930—April 1 This means that a person born on April 20, 1910 shouldn't be listed in the 1910 census. The enumerator was to list only those people living in the household on April 15, 1910. In some cases it took months for the enumerator to visit every household and record the data. In the early census years (1790 to 1840), the enumerators were allowed anywhere from nine to 18 months to complete their tasks. In 1850, 1860 and 1870, they were allowed only five months to record all of the residents and from 1880 to 1920, only one month. Some enumerators followed the rules strictly, while others did not. Excerpted from The Genealogist's Question and Answer Book by Marcia Yannizze Melnyk, $18.99. Reprinted here with permission from the publisher, Betterway Books. Downloaded from: Family Tree Magazine Email Update; on Thursday, 12 Dec 2002 Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

http://users.chariot.net.au/~samhain/relation.html .. this one works, the original was missing a "." after users. A term often found in genealogy is "removed," specifically when referring to family relationships. Indeed, almost everyone has heard of a "second cousin once removed," but many people cannot explain that relationship. Of course, a person might be more than once removed, as in third cousin, four times removed. In short, the definition of cousins is two people who share a common ancestor: First Cousin .... Your first cousins are the people in your family who have at least one of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles. Second Cousin .... Your second cousins are the people in your family who share the same great-grandparent with you. Third, Fourth and Fifth Cousins .... Your third cousins share at least one great-great-grandparent, fourth cousins share a great-great-great-grandparent, and so on. Removed .... When the word "removed" is used to describe a relationship, it indicates that the two people are from different generations. "Once removed" indicates a difference of one generation, "twice removed" indicates a difference of two generations, and so forth. For example, the child of your first cousin is your first cousin, once removed. That is, your cousin’s child would be your first cousin, except that he or she is one generation removed from that relationship. Likewise, the grandchild of your first cousin is your first cousin twice removed (two generations removed from being a first cousin). Many people confuse the term "first cousin once removed" with "second cousin " The two are not the same. There are many consanguinity charts available that attempt to explain these relationships visually. I find most of them to be more confusing than the words. However, I like the chart created by Big Al Creations at http://userschariot.net.au/~samhain/relation.html. I find this one easier to read than most of the others. Look first for the box labeled YOURSELF. From here you can see how other people are related to you as you go up and down the generations illustrated there. The following article is from Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter and is copyright 2002 by Richard W. Eastman. It is re-published here with the permission of the author. Information about the newsletter is available at http://www.RootsForum.com. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 ==== GENEALOGYBITSANDPIECES Mailing List ==== Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, Arizona [email protected] ============================== To join Ancestry.com and access our 1.2 billion online genealogy records, go to: http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?targetid=571&sourceid=1237 .

PIONEER CERTIFICATES Did you know that several genealogy societies offer "pioneer certificates" to direct descendants of people whose family settled in a certain area before a specific date? Some societies even offer more than one type of certificate. For example the Utah Genealogical Society offers a Founding Pioneer, Territorial Pioneer or Territorial Citizen certificate for anyone whose ancestor was in Utah before 1851 or from 1851 to January 4, 1856. People with forebears born in Utah before 1856 also qualify. Proving your connection to a "pioneer" is a nice way of honoring your adventuresome ancestor, as well as adding an interesting feature to your family tree book or software. Like other lineage-based organizations, you'll have to prove your pioneer connection using items such as church records, birth, marriage and death certificates or census records. It's possible you'll need to send along a pedigree chart and family group sheet. And it may require a small fee (usually less than $15). While you're hunting down your pioneer certificate, be looking for other types of certification available. For instance, the Illinois State Genealogical Society, http://www.rootsweb.com/~ilsgs/, is issuing certificates to direct descendants of Illinois Civil War veterans. Here's a sampling of sites for pioneer certificates. If your state isn't listed, use your favorite search engine and enter the search phrase "Texas pioneer certificate" (or whatever state you're looking for). By the way, some societies will issue certificates to residents of a specific county—so if your state-related search doesn't help, try searching for "xyz county pioneer certificate." If that doesn't work, post a query on Ancestry's Pioneer Certificate bulletin board, http://boards.ancestry.couk/mbexec?htx=board&r=5538&p=topics.pioneer.general Pioneer certificate sites: · Cook County, IL, Pioneer Certificates .. http://www.chgogs.org/pioneer html · California Pioneer Certificate .. http://www.rootsweb.com/~carcsgs/Certs htm · Tennessee Pioneer Certificate .. http://pghs.home.att.net/pioneer.htm · Prairie Pioneer (early settlers of Illinois) .. http://www.rootswebcom/~ilsgs/projects/pp-instructions.html · Utah Pioneer Certificates .. http://www.infouga.org/pioneer.htm · Florida Pioneer Descendants .. http://www.rootsweb.com/~flsgs/pioneers.htm Read more about pioneer certificates .. www.familytreemagazine.com/ancestornews/current.html —Nancy Hendrickson, Contributing Editor [email protected] Hendrickson is a family historian, freelance writer and the author of the upcoming book Finding Your Family Tree Online, on sale May 2003. Browse the archive of her AncestorNews columns www.familytreemagazine.com/ancestornews/previous.html NOTE: Some of the URL’s might be more than one line .. make sure you include the entire address. downloaded from: Family Tree Magazine EMail Update Thursday, December 12, 2002 Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

A term often found in genealogy is "removed," specifically when referring to family relationships. Indeed, almost everyone has heard of a "second cousin once removed," but many people cannot explain that relationship. Of course, a person might be more than once removed, as in third cousin, four times removed. In short, the definition of cousins is two people who share a common ancestor: First Cousin .... Your first cousins are the people in your family who have at least one of the same grandparents as you. In other words, they are the children of your aunts and uncles. Second Cousin .... Your second cousins are the people in your family who share the same great-grandparent with you. Third, Fourth and Fifth Cousins .... Your third cousins share at least one great-great-grandparent, fourth cousins share a great-great-great-grandparent, and so on. Removed .... When the word "removed" is used to describe a relationship, it indicates that the two people are from different generations. "Once removed" indicates a difference of one generation, "twice removed" indicates a difference of two generations, and so forth. For example, the child of your first cousin is your first cousin, once removed. That is, your cousin’s child would be your first cousin, except that he or she is one generation removed from that relationship. Likewise, the grandchild of your first cousin is your first cousin twice removed (two generations removed from being a first cousin). Many people confuse the term "first cousin once removed" with "second cousin " The two are not the same. There are many consanguinity charts available that attempt to explain these relationships visually. I find most of them to be more confusing than the words. However, I like the chart created by Big Al Creations at http://users chariot.net.au/~samhain/relation.html. I find this one easier to read than most of the others. Look first for the box labeled YOURSELF. From here you can see how other people are related to you as you go up and down the generations illustrated there. The following article is from Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter and is copyright 2002 by Richard W. Eastman. It is re-published here with the permission of the author. Information about the newsletter is available at http://www.RootsForum.com. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

MyFamily.com, Inc., owner of several Web sites, including "Ancestry.com," announced that it has completed the acquisition of BigHugs.com, one of the most widely recognized people-finder services in the United States. According to an announcement from MyFamily.com, BigHugs, based in Ft. Myers, Florida, has been perfecting family locator investigative research for the past twelve years. Specializing in live family reunions on broadcast television, BigHugs has reunited thousands of loved ones on hundreds of television shows over the past decade. Most recently, on the December 6th broadcast of 48 Hours Investigates, this top-rated CBS television network program featured the story of an emotional family reunion uncovered by BigHugs. "Our business is centered on connecting and strengthening families," said Tom Stockham, president and chief executive officer of MyFamily.com, Inc. BigHugs is a great addition to our service offering. By integrating the BigHugs people-finder service with the outstanding family history and private family website products already offered through the MyFamily network of websites, our ability to help people connect with their living relatives, friends, and loved ones increases, and we extend our brand to millions of consumers in the offline world." The acquisition of BigHugs also brings additional leadership in the form of BigHugs founder, Troy Dunn, who pioneered the process of searching for living family members online and also developed a proprietary process for generating national media exposure. Dunn's new role at MyFamily will be vice president of media relations. He will also assist in the development of new services to help people search for living loved ones. You can read the full announcement at:(URL is 2-3 lines, make sure you get it all) http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories pl?ACCT=147509&TICK=MYFAM&STORY=/www/story/12-09-2002/0001854180&EDATE=Dec+9 +2002 The following article is from Eastman’s Online Genealogy Newsletter and is copyright 2002 by Richard W. Eastman. It is re-published here with the permission of the author. Information about the newsletter is available at http://www.RootsForum.com. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] "Do not meddle in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and taste good with ketchup." All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002

Orphan Train Heritage Society of America, Inc. http://www.orphantrainriders.com/ Rose

We Welcome "Helene Carson" <[email protected]>

> Hi newbies, > Out of nowhere came a BLACK BORDER around 3 parts of my screen. > > Left, 1" > > Top, 3/8" > > Right, 3/8" > > It precludes me from using the mouse to give commands at the top right of my screen. > > Can some kind soul give me a solution. Thanks in advance. > > Jesse in Denver > > > ==== GEN-NEWBIE Mailing List ==== > Remember, the Gen-Newbie List is a flame free list. Think carefully before hitting the send key. Our policy is one flame and you are out. > Gen-Newbie URL: http://www.rootsweb.com/~newbie >

Fast Fact: 1930 Census Update Each of the fifteen U.S. censuses from 1790 to 1930 provide valuable information that help to bring success to U.S. researchers. The 1930 census, which just became available to the public this year, includes information that gives clues into the daily lives of Americans, such as where they worked, their military veteran status, and whether or not they owned a radio The complete 1930 census of the United States could unearth a wealth of information about your past. =============== A Lesson in Boundary Lines – Karen Frisch When exploring the world of your ancestors it pays to remember the differences between their lifetime and ours. The town they knew was undoubtedly very different in their day. Knowing their geographic landscape will make your search easier. While tracing my family history I discovered that my great-grandfather's sister had lived in my hometown. She was the only ancestor of mine to have done so, and I wanted to know more. Ernestine Frisch came to America in 1884 at age 21. When she married Fritz Schwab, an ice peddler from Providence, the 1887 marriage index listed her as a resident of Lincoln. Before then she was absent from city directories, as many women were. Since other female family members lived at home until they married, it is possible she worked as a domestic in a private home. Lincoln was established as a town in 1871. At the time town leaders in northern Rhode Island wanted governments that focused on the interests of their own villages. Since traveling to town meetings was problematic, the larger towns were divided. Lincoln took its name from the popular president who was still mourned years after his assassination and the end of the Civil War. A complicating factor was that when Lincoln broke apart from the larger town of Smithfield, tiny Central Falls was part of Lincoln for a time before it became its own city. The addition of that square mile makes it far more confusing to determine where Ernestine Frisch Schwab might have lived. Today many of the Victorian homes remain in the area. The likelihood is strong that the house where Ernestine lived still stands. It's even possible she lived on the street where I grew up since many homes on the street were built in the 1870s. It's also possible she lived in what is now Central Falls. Obscurity also shrouds the final resting place of Lavinia Williams Keene, my five-times-great-grandmother, descended from Rhode Island's founding father Roger Williams. I know little about her except that other family members lived in northern Rhode Island. In an old volume on local cemeteries I discovered that Lavinia was buried "to the east of the road by the river." Today, no cemetery exists near the Blackstone River in that area. Lavinia died in 1856, recently enough for her gravestone to remain. I found a small historic cemetery that runs east of River Road in the town. There were headstones from the late 1700s and 1800s with engravings that time had made indecipherable along with tombstones that had been broken off at the base. I also found the graves of ancestors related to Lavinia by marriage, increasing the chance that she was among them. Once you've learned an ancestor's address in a nearby city it's essential to make a point to drive by the house. For years, I rode by the clapboard house at One State Street in which three generations of my French-Canadian ancestors had lived. The opportunity to obtain a picture disappeared when I drove by one day and saw a crane taking down what was left of the house. On the spot where my ancestors' house once stood is now a modern office building. Had I not seen the house when I had the chance I would merely be guessing where the original home once stood. The more precise we can be in pinpointing the paths our ancestors walked, the clearer our picture of their lives will be. Learning about the places they lived can help cut through the confusion of obscure references and the changes brought about by time. =============== Karen Frisch has spent years getting lost in cemeteries. With a background in Victorian studies, teaching, and writing, she has traced her lineage back thirty generations. Her interest in genealogy began as a child when her grandmother gave her a collection of old photographs from Scotland. =============== reprinted with prior permission of Juliana Smith, Editor of Ancestry Daily News; issue dated 10 Dec 2002

These links are about Univeritisies and Schools http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=HAWK TITLE: 1902 University of Iowa ,Iowa City, Iowa Includes names of students and thier images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=RP 1904 Cornell College, Mt. Veron, Iowa Includes Students names and Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=EHS 1904 "EHS" Erie High School, Erie, PA Includes Students names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=WJ 1904 Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, PA Includes Students & Faculty names & Images. =~=~=~= http://http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=HAV 1906 Haverford College, Haverford, PA Includes Students and Faculty Names and Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=SOM 1906 University of Nebraska Includes Students and Faculty Names and Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=CMT 1907 Central Manual Training High School, Philadelphia, PA Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=NC 1908 Salem College, Winston-Salem, NC Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=EM 1909 Emerson College of Oratory, Boston, MA Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=UOM 1910 University of Montana, Missoula, MT Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=GH 1912 Grinnell High School, Grinnell, Iowa Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=ASM 1913 Atlanta School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=NM 1914 New Mexico Normal School, Silver City, NM Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=CC 1915 "Checoukan" Cherokee County High School, Columbus, KS Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=CH 1915 Central High School, Philadelphia, PA Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=LHS 1915 Lansing High School, Lansing, MI Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=LHS 1915 Lansing High School, Lansing, MI Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=CORNELL 1916 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=UM 1916 University of Maine, Orono, ME Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=EASTON 1917 Easton High School, Easton, PA Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=ELGIN 1918 Elgin High School, Elgin, IL Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=UI 1918 University of Illinois, Champaign, IL Includes Students and Faculty names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=WY 1919 Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, PA Includes Students and Faculty names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=HHS 1920 Huntington High School, Huntington, IN Includes Students and Faculty names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=PHILLY 1921 West Philadelphia High School For Boys, Philadelphia, PA Includes Students and Faculty names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=LHSS 1922 Lansing High School, Lansing, MI Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=UO 1922 University of Oregan, Eugene, OR Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=PHS 1922 Parker High School, Chicago, IL Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=PORT 1922 Portsmouth High School, Portsmouth, Ohio Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=RV 1922 Rio Vista Joint Union High School, Rio Vista, CA Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=LC 1922 Lewis & Clark High School, Spokane, WA Includes Students & Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=WLVS 1923 West Lampeter Vocational School, West Lampeter, Lancaster Co, PA Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=WW 1925 Woodward High School, Cincinnati, Ohio Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=HACKLEY 1926 Hackley School, Tarrytown, NY Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=CIT 1928 Carnegie Institute of Technology Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=BELFRY 1928 New Hampton School for Boys New Hampton, NH Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=PT 1929 Pottsville High School, Pottsville, PA Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=HH 1930 Hendrix - Henderson College, Conway, AR Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. =~=~=~= http://www.deadfred.com/results2.php?sPhotographer=QUAIR 1930 New Jersey College for Women-Rutgers ,New Brunswick NJ Includes Students and Faculty Names & Images. Gloria http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/index.html List Owner [email protected] http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/gloriaspage.html

John Fuller's Genealogy Resources on the Internet, http://www.rootsweb.com/~jfuller/gen_mail.html. This site is organized by Web sites, mailing lists, e-mail sites and Telnet, Gopher and Usenet sites. But there's far more to this site than meets the eye. Take your time and poke around. The E-Mail Sites page, for example, contains e-mail addresses to general, geographic and surname sections. Here, you'll find links to surname associations, family journals and newsletters. The Web-site area contains links to resources worldwide. The Original Barrel of Links http://www.genealogytoday.com/barrel/links1.html Genealogylinks.net consists of 750 pages of now, over 12,000 links; most of them to online surname searchable records such as ship's passenger lists, church records, cemetery transcriptions, military records and censuses for USA, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Europe, Canada, Australia & New Zealand. Links are indexed by region http://www.genealogylinks.net/ The Genealogy Home Page http://www.genhomepage.com/really_new.html .

June 27, 2003 Freedom Plaza Washington, DC. A permit has been issued for Gathering Of First American Nations event to be held at Freedom Plaza Washington, DC. June 27, 2003, starting at 10:00 am to 3:00 pm, this event is being brought about to voice Native American community issues to the federal and state governments. It's time for the first American Nations to come together as one and take a stand on our issues. Each passing year the federal and state governments along with the support of the US. court system is eroding tribal nation sovereignty rights nation wide. It's time to call for the enforcement and honoring of all treaties made with Indian nations. As a united people we can no longer tolerate the third world conditions of our people in health, education, housing and poverty due to federal and state governments oversight responsibilities under the United States constitution not being honored. Sponsors of the gathering event request that all Indian nations support this event to show unity and solidarity in bringing about this much needed change for the Native American community as a whole. We request that tribal nation leaders make all necessary arrangements for tribal members wanting to attend this event have the opportunity to do so. Tribal nation leaders wishing to speak at the gathering event should use contact information listed below. An invitation has been sent to congressional members of the Native American caucus wishing to speak at the gathering event, to include Senate members of the Indian Affairs Committee. We look forward to your support and participation in this national event, it's time to bring our issues to the forefront of all Americans. Event contact and information: Judy Daly 904/829-6142 P.O. Box 2035 St. Augustine, FL. 32085-2035 Gathering Of First American Nations web site http://mytwobeadsworth.com/FAN.html 501c donations for support of the Gathering Of First American Nations event should be sent to: Armstrong Bank PO. Box 900 Muldrow Okla. 74948 Make donations payable to: Sharon Graham, for deposit only Gathering Of First American Nations June 27, 2003 Freedom Plaza, Washington, DC. Resolution We call upon the federal government and state government: 1. To honor all treaties made with Indian nations, ratified and non-ratified treaties. 2. To establish a permanent position on the US. Supreme Court to be held by a Native American appointed judge. This should be done to bring about a stronger government-to-government relationship and representation of First American nations on the country's highest court. 3. To establish a federal oversight committee consisting of First American Nations and federal representatives to review all arrest cases deemed to be political involving members of First American Nations. 4. To strengthen government-to-government relations between First American Nations, Federal and State governing bodies through negotiations, stopping state governments from filing frivolous lawsuits on Indian nations, and closing of First American Nation businesses without federal oversight before such closings take place. 5. To support and assist in all areas to reinstate the Native Hawaiian's government, to establish a government-to-government relation with the Native Hawaiian people's government with full sovereignty and self-determination before the United States Government, and to recognize all land claims and restitution to the Native Hawaiians to said land claims. 6. To increase funding for Native American health care centers and educational institutions. In doing so America as a whole will benefit; at the present time most Native American health care centers and schools are operating at third world level or are nonexistent within their communities. 7. To increase Native American housing funding since there is a critical housing shortage in the Native American community; this issue needs to be addressed now! Failure to address this issue results in the deaths of Native American men, woman and children each year unnecessarily. 8. To implement truth in education regarding Native Americans in our nation s school system, and establish a nationwide guideline with the support of tribal nations on educational information concerning Native Americans for all schools to base their curriculum. 9. The Native American community calls upon the Federal government to rescind all Medals of Honor issued to US military personal for the massacre of 350 men, women and children at Cankpe Opi (Wounded Knee). Medals of Honor issued to US military personal for all other historically documented American Indian massacres should also be rescinded. Be it resolved; that the federal and state governments work with all Native American governments and their peoples to resolve all issues stated above, and Be it further resolved; that federal and state governments show the Native American community and people around the world that they are in full support of bringing about this much needed change for the Native American community. ********************************* http://mytwobeadsworth.com/Dec2002.html http://mytwobeadsworth.com/Dec2002.html www.UnitedNativeAmerica.com

http://www.immigrantjourneys.com Immigrant Journeys =~=~=~= http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~jillaine/concordia Concordia Cemetery Records (Buffalo, Erie Co., NY) The Concordia Cemetery on Walden Avenue is now closed, but Buffalo resident Karen Kolb created a computerized index of almost 8400 burials that took place between 1875 and 1930. Now available online for free. =~=~=~= http://www.angelfire.com/tn2/ScottCoTnMemories/index.html Scott County Tennessee Memories =~=~=~= http://www.micourthistory.org/ Michigan Supreme Court Historical Society Includes photographs and biographies of figures important to Michigan judicial history. Gloria http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/index.html List Owner [email protected] http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/gloriaspage.html

On December 8, 1941, Alan Lomax, head of the Library of Congress Archive of American Folk Song, sent a telegram to folklorists in ten different localities around the United States, asking them to collect "man on the street" reactions to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the declaration of war by the United States. This collection represents interviews with salesmen, electricians, janitors, oilmen, cab drivers, housewives, students, soldiers, and physicians. Young and old, men and women, black and white, long- time residents and recent immigrants are represented in the recordings, expressing their opinions on the social, political, and military aspects of the Pearl Harbor attack. Very interesting site. http://www.loc.gov/folklife/pearlharbor/ Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002 .

When There is No Probate By Michael John Neill (reprinted with prior permission of Juliana Smith, Editor of Ancestry Daily News, Issue dated 4 Dec 2002) Probate records are one of the best genealogical sources. The problem is that not every ancestor who lived left a probate record. There are several research methods that should be done when a probate cannot be located and many reasons why your ancestor might not have a probate file even when they owned property upon their death. There Was Just Nothing To Probate The first possibility is that your ancestor simply had no estate worth probating. There might not have even been enough money to bury your ancestor let alone enough to warrant the necessity to probate the estate. In some states, estates with a value under a certain amount might not have even been probated. One of my relatives died in a mental institution one hundred miles from his home in the 1910s. The family did not have the money to bring the body back for burial and his body was donated to science. There is no probate file for this ancestor, nor a tombstone. I was lucky to obtain a death certificate. Your Ancestor Intentionally Avoided Probate Did your ancestor transfer all his property to his children before his death? My ancestor in the 1880s sold all his real estate to his children when he was in his late seventies. Upon his death there was no real property and it apparently was not worth a probate just to settle his personal effects. A search of probate records led to no results. However, there are land records documenting his transfer of his real property to his children. The price of each farm (the "consideration") on these deeds was "a dollar and love and consideration." No relationships were specifically stated, but the lack of a real transfer price was an indication of a likely relationship between the grantor and grantee. Probate Was Delayed Significantly I have another ancestor who died in 1893 and whose estate was never probated even though there was significant real and personal property. When the ancestor's wife Nancy wanted to sell the farm in 1907, she was unable to do so in her own right--she was not the sole owner of the farm. Upon her husband's death, she and her children in the aggregate became owners of the farm. Nancy inherited one-third of the property (based upon the applicable state law at the time), but her portion of the farm was never specifically partitioned off. An additional complication was that one of her children (and also one of her husband's heirs and another co-owner of the farm) was a minor at the time Nancy wanted to sell the farm. In this case, a partition suit was file by Nancy with the circuit court in order to allow the farm to be sold. A guardian ad litem was appointed for the minor son to represent his interests in this case. There was no probate of the estate in 1907; the father had already been dead fourteen years and the court was not going to begin probate proceedings that long after the father's death. Records of courts other than the probate court should always be checked as a part of the research process. Even if your ancestor has a probate file it is possible there was some additional legal action regarding the estate that took place in a court other than the one that administered estate settlements. There Was A Guardianship? Is it possible your ancestor was survived by minor children and that a guardianship had to be arranged to oversee their inheritance? Perhaps the actual records settling your ancestor's estate are contained in the guardianship records and not in the probate records. Guardianship records should be searched even if the mother survived. Throughout much of American history, women have had few legal rights and they generally could not legally manage their children's interests upon their husband's death (despite the fact that the widow might have been very capable in her own right). Mothers were not necessarily appointed their children's guardian either. A male relative, neighbor, or subsequent husband might have received the honor or might have been appointed guardian in addition to the mother herself. Guardianship records should always be accessed if a person died with minor children and some real property, regardless of whether the spouse survived him/her or not. The Tradition Was Wrong Check out stories of great estates held by forebears--the only greatness might be the size of the story and not the property. One lady for whom I did research some years ago insisted her ancestor had a vast estate in the southeastern portion of the county where the research was conducted. That statement alone raised my eyebrows and the cynical gears in my mind began turning. No estate, guardianship, or land records could be located despite a diligent search for all reasonable spelling variants. The ancestor in question was located in the 1860 census with the wife, and the correct eight children. They were listed by the client. The ancestor is enumerated as a day laborer with $50 in personal property and no real estate. The reason for the lack of estate or guardianship records seemed fairly obvious, but was not positively received by the client. Additional and more comprehensive research may explain what appears to be an inconsistency. Family traditions are not always correct. Interestingly enough, the client still insisted there was a large farm owned by this ancestor in the county and that I simply had overlooked the records or that all the deeds, estate paper, and other documents had never been filed. There Are Post-Death Land Records Instead I have seen cases where an individual owned land and the only record after his death is a quit-claim deed where the heirs transferred property to another heir or to someone from outside the family. If there was nothing else to settle and the heirs agreed (a feat in and of itself), there might not have been a legal reason to probate the estate. Of course, whether or not a probate was "required" will vary among states and from one time period to another. A search of land records after your ancestor's death should be conducted to see if any such records can be located. Of course, these land references are likely not indexed under your ancestor's name (the ancestor is dead and dead people are typically not listed as grantees on land records). Searches for these records should be conducted in the buyer and seller indexes to land records for the names of all children (including married daughters). State Statute Makes A Difference Remember that what is generally true about probate in one state may not necessarily be true in another. Different states have different requirements about the probate process and an estate that may have to be probated in one state may not have to be probated in another. Checking The Last Survivor? It seems that there is a greater chance of an estate record for the surviving spouse instead of the one who dies first. While there are always exceptions to this rule, I always make certain I check for probate records for the spouse who dies last. Women are also more likely to have a probate file if they survive their husband. Looking In The Right Place? Estates are generally probated where the bulk of the property is located or where the person lived the latter years of their life. Are you looking in these locations? If your ancestor lived near the county line have you looked in both counties? Is The Ancestor Dead? Make certain you are looking in the probate index for the time period when your ancestor is actually deceased. It's usually a good idea to look in estate indexes for a time period up to twenty years after your ancestor's death. Looking in these indexes for twenty years before your ancestor died is another matter entirely. General Probate Advice All applicable surname variants should be included as a part of this search--do not get hung up on the "right" spelling. The earlier the record, the more likely the spelling is to be "off" and the more one has to rely on whether the name "sounds the same." Do not be surprised if no record is located. While records of probate are a great genealogical source, they do not exist for every dead person. If your ancestor does not have a probate make certain that in addition to searching all other appropriate records you have also searched for probate records of other extended family members. A probate file on another family member may be the clue you need to break that brick wall. In future articles, we'll discuss families whose financial status causes them to fall through the cracks of many record sources used by family historians. Michael John Neill, is the Course I Coordinator at the Genealogical Institute of Mid America (GIMA) held annually in Springfield, Illinois, and is also on the faculty of Carl Sandburg College in Galesburg, Illinois. Michael is the Web columnist for the FGS FORUM and is on the editorial board of the Illinois State Genealogical Society Quarterly. He conducts seminars and lectures on a wide variety of genealogical and computer topics and contributes to several genealogical publications, including Ancestry and Genealogical Computing. You can e-mail him at: [email protected] or visit his website at: http://www.rootdig.com/, but he regrets that he is unable to assist with personal research. Copyright 2002, MyFamily.com, Inc. .

We Welcome "Evelyn F. Lehman" <[email protected]>

Hi all, I've added a page for Oakwood High School 1923, 1924, and 1926 at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~cribbs/oh_oakwood/ All of the photos are scanned, including autographs. Some surnames: BRENTLINGER CONDIT CONKLIN KING CLAGGETT CLUNET HARTZELL SHARDELOW BANTA SHOTWELL REMPLE STORMS OGSBURY FUNSTEN GOODHUE O'DONOHUE O'BRIEN SHROYER SPAITE HADELER SIMONDS NAFE MUNDAY HYDEMAN BOLLMAN HARBISON Hope this helps. Bill GenLookups.com http://www.genlookups.com Obituary Links Page http://www.obitlinkspage.com Obituary Central http://www.obitcentral.com OH Marriage Search http://www.genlookups.com/oh_marriages

http://www.bitsofblueandgray.com/december_2002.htm December 2002 - Civil War Christmas =~=~=~= http://www.genlookups.com/nc_marriages/ North Carolina Marriages Search Engine =~=~=~= http://www.depauw.edu/library/archives/ DePauw University: Archives & Special Collections Contains a wide range of material relating to DePauw, Indiana Methodism and Putnam County, Indiana, including Index to The DePauw newspaper (1956-1999),1860 Putnam County, Indiana Census Every-Name Index, 1920 Putnam County, Indiana Census Every-Name Index, Minister Database: Methodist, Evangelical Assn. and United Brethren ministers and the churches they served, 1800-1900, Local Minister Database: Methodist and United Brethren ministers with temporary assignments, 1862-1900, Hoosier United Methodist News: Keyword and subject index, 1971-Present, DePauw University Publications 1841-Present, Ralph Taylor Photograph Collection: Index to the Ralph Taylor photographs, 1956-1983, depicting DePauw University and Putnam County, Ind. people, places and events, and many other resources. =~=~=~= http://www.maxwells.freeserve.co.uk/publishing/ 1851 Census - Indexed Transcriptions, Roxburghshire, Scotland 1851 Census indexed transcriptions published for parishes of Ashkirk, Castleton, Cavers, Hobkirk, Kirktown, Minto, Southdean, Teviothead and Wilton. More coming soon!!. Gloria http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/index.html List Owner [email protected] http://hardincogenealogycenter.homestead.com/gloriaspage.html

Hello Fellow Listers! We're having a special free chat on the About Genealogy site this Wednesday, December 4, 2002 and you are all invited :) Virtual Lecture Series - Chat with a Genealogist at About.com Sponsored by the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania Topic: Maximizing Your Mileage from the Ellis Island Database When: Wednesday, December 4, 2002 Time: 8:00PM - 10:00PM ET Be sure to check your time zone! Guest Genealogist: Megan Smolenyak, Genealogical Lecturer and Author Where: About Genealogy Chat Room #1 http://genealogy.about.com/library/blsmolenyak.htm Notes: This chat is free and open to everyone over the age of 12. It is an honor to be able to provide you with the opportunity to chat with and ask questions of a professional genealogist and we hope that you are able to attend. It is recommended that you read the free handout prior to attending the chat. Free Handout! "Maximizing Your Mileage from the Ellis Island Database" http://genealogy.about.com/library/authors/ucsmolenyak1a.htm *********************************************************** Hope to *see* you online! Kimberly Kimberly Powell Genealogy Guide About - The Human Internet http://genealogy.about.com

Have a five-page article on above subject. If anyone is interested, let me know and will send. Sally Rolls Pavia Sun City, AZ [email protected] List Owner: [email protected] “Happiness is not a destination, but a daily way of life.” All incoming and outgoing email checked by Norton Anti-Virus 2002