From: "Joseph Gillard" <xk6050@xtra.co.nz> Subject: [nz] 'Colonist' or 'Settler' or 'Immigrant' I would be interested in hearing the spread of opinions relating to the differences in understandings between these three words. For example, was a 'colonist' an immigrant who arrived early on, say before 1860? Or did 'he' have to have had means to buy land, for example? And could a woman be classed as a 'colonist' if she sought to operate on her own account? Was a 'settler' simply an immigrant who would not have owned land, but maybe have been an artisan, for example? And again, to what point in time? 1860, for example? So, were 'immigrants' those of all classes/occupations who arrived later, say after 1860, or was that not the case until the great rush in the Vogel era, for example? Was there an established social hierarchy in the use of these words? I suspect from reading Papers Past, there was, with 'colonist' at the top of the tree. ___________________________________ Women were freeholders, colonists, settlers and early pioneers. They were also dowagers, relicts and very old residents but not an immigrant. There was a hierarchy. The land gentry were so very high up in the trees, they cannot get higher....but there was shade and rest at the bottom. Freeholder returns 1882 7% were women. http://web.archive.org/web/20120313021001/http://freeholders.co.nz/ Northern Advocate 27 September 1920, Page 2 MRS J. McGIMPSEY There passed away at Timaru on September 23, one of the oldest colonists of that district, Mrs J. McGimpsey, in her 78th year. The deceased was the relic of the late William John Fulton and later of the late James McGimpsey. The deceased shared the hardships, early colonists, coming out to New Zealand in the East India Company's ship "Bluejacket," and landing at Lyttelton 65 years ago. Mrs MCGimipsey is survived by five sons and three daughters— Messrs J. Fulton, Christchurch; W. J. Fulton, Timaru; T. N. Fulton, Railways, Whangarei; G. Fulton, Fairlie; J. McGimpsey, Oamaru; Mrs K. McLennan and Mrs H. Allen, Timaru; and Mrs M. McLeod, Auckland; also 23 grandchildren. Timaru Herald, 9 July 1917, Page 3 Mrs McCALLUM Another old settler and a well known resident of Temuka, Mrs Archibald McCallum, died at the residence of her daughter, Mrs James Elder, on Thursday last, at the age of 86 years. The late Mrs McCalium was born in Edinburgh in 1831. In, 1861, with her husband the late Mr Archibald McCallum, she came to New Zealand in the steamship William Henderson, landing in Dunedin. Early in the seventies the family came to Temuka, and settled there. Evening Post, 29 June 1937, Page 16 MRS. M. A. POWER The death occurred yesterday of one of the early pioneers in the person of Mrs. M. A. Power, of 62 Nairn Street. Born in Ireland, Mrs. Power came to New Zealand with her husband 64 years ago, arriving and settling .in Timaru in 1873. Glossary Cockatoo- now a cocky. An agricultural farmer, a small farmer as opposed to squatter or sheep farmer. Colonials -Until 1900 most New Zealand born people spoke of themseleves as colonials where now they would call themseleves New Zealanders. Dowager - a woman who holds some title or property from her deceased husband. A widow with jointure; title given to widow to distinguish her from wife of her husband's heir. English-born vs Colonial born (born in NZ) JimmyGrant- immigrant pommy - English newcomer to Australia or P.O.M.W. [Prisoner of Mother England] New chum- a recent immigrant Old chum - the Colonial dialect calls a settler. Kiwi -a non flying member of the R.A.F. Pilgrim, Prophet and pre-Admite are the only three words which can be proved to be pure Canterbury productions. [Acland] Pilgram - one of Canterbury Association's settlers Pre-Admite- Old nickname for the families who arrived in Canterbury before the settlement. Prophet- nickname of the Australian squatters who came down to Canterbury in 1851. They always spoke of coming down (not over0 from Australia. [Acland] Settler- one who makes a home in a new country; a colonist Shagroons- The Australian squatters who invaded Canterbury in 1851-52. They were also called Prophets. Squatter- Runholder, station owner. Now a sheep farmer. A squatter's nightmare - a rabbit. The phase Old Identity was invented in Dunedin by Thatcher, the former resident of Dunedin, being distinguished from the "new iniquity," as the people were called who came from Australia. Elsewhere "our oldest inhabitant". [Morris - Austral English, 1898] Timaru Herald, 13 February 1874, Page 3 An Auckland paper has been making merry over a portmanteau-stealing case in the Resident Magistrate's Court, where the personal effects of a new arrival were produced for identification. It appears that he had such a number and variety of clothes of all kinds; that the Magistrate, (Mr Beckham) gravely remarked, that there was enough to start a small shop. Perhaps so, but it would be a very small one indeed. The new chum was perfectly right to bring as many clothes and odds and ends as over he could buy, or squeeze out of his friends and relatives before leaving home. There's no doubt that English clothes are much nicer than those made out here they don't cut under the arms, or bag at the knees, or stick out behind in a perky, cocksparrow fashion the buttons won't come off without strong persuasion with a pair of scissors, and as for wear, the things last, forever, and always look decent and stylish no one should set up in the loafer business without a good stock of English clothes; ... Dressing cases - leather, of course - which comprise every conceivable toilet necessary, or unnecessary, of the smallest size and packed into the smallest space, are also much in vogue both articles are very complete in their way, but the worst of them is that there is only one thing harder than getting the contents out, and that is putting them in again. The fact that they are utterly unserviceable whether in or out, hardly needs to be stated. The intending colonist overlooks the fact that all these complex impedimenta will cost both money and anxiety to drag about with him in a new country, but he very soon comes to realise it, and it is a happy day for him when he at length finds out that all a gentleman wants for travelling in New Zealand, is a tooth brush and a paper collar, with a "clean boiled rag" in reserve, perhaps, if he contemplates frequenting the salons of the aristocracy. We remember in Otago once seeing a well-dressed, thoroughbred-looking young fellow, descend from the coach at a point where a district road led off into the wilds; the driver, who loved his joke, called out to a digger asleep on the roof "Hi you, help parse deown the gentleman's baggage, won't jer?" This drew everybody's attention to the traveller, who stood stamping his numbed feet on the frosty road, and quietly waiting for his property but he had the laugh on his side when the grinning coachee tossed him a paper parcel no bigger than his hand, which he walked off with at good five miles an hour. He was no new chum, you may bet! ____________________________________________ Mr A.E. Andrews of Napier said in 1910 that considerable differences existed between the Home and the colonial speech, the differences being marked in the native born school children than in the adults, most of whom were, presumably, born in the Old Country and spoke provincial English. Immigration as a cause. During the last 25 years a class of immigrant inferior to the earlier settlers in culture and social position, and that these newer colonists brought with them a number of local pronunciations, but no particular English dialect. The NZ dialect, unlike the provincialisms of England, was not a matter of locality and occupation, nor of social position or education.