Read on through and you'll get to Wayne Co. and some of it's residents. Rose Parks ----- Original Message ----- From: "Fairfax, Dan" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, October 09, 2001 10:50 AM Subject: [NCLENOIR] NC Indian History - Jernigan's and Coree Indians > Could be a good start for all of our Indian Heritage loose roots in NC and > SC???? > > EXCELLENT INFORMATION! > > THANKS [email protected] > > !!! > > Dan > > ====================== > > Who Are The Coree? > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > > "The fate of the Chicora Nation is a strange blank place in our history. The > Coree lacuna is an abscess that no one wants opened since we have forgotten > its origin and have become accustomed to the pain." > > Al Pate > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > We are privileged to be able to experience a Wondrous World...that of the > Internet and all the wonders residing therein. Depending on your expertise > and interests this World can be an aimless maze or, as I hope it has become > for those of you who are reading this particular page, it has become place > of comfort and learning. Conflict too...but, even midst the conflict > education is taking place. Yes? > It has been my privilege, due to involvement in Lee Sultzman's work with the > Compact First Nations Histories, to encounter a gentleman who has written a > wonderful piece of work, The Coree Are Not Extinct. This writing sees the > first light of day here at First Nations...I find this pretty damn > exciting... > > I've asked Lee Sultzman to educate me (thence you) re the Coree and am > offering his advice here so that you will have some idea as to what may be > coming on following pages...Lee's advice has absolutely nothing to do with > The Coree Are Not Extinct. I offer that advice here only so as to introduce > those who have never heard of the Coree to a sense of what the word means. > > One last comment...unravelling history seems to me to be a tedious process. > It requires a peculiar dedication and committment...and, as I see it > "historians" are going to disagree as to what is what. However, it is the > *basis* of this disagreement that actually furthers the unravelling...see? > > In agreeing to disagree Al and Lee are carrying on this grand tradition..and > we, the Armchair CyberNauts, can do naught but sit back and marvel at the > marvel they unfold...JS Dill. > > Lee Sultzman now speaks...Just east of the original Cherokee homeland > resided a number of Nations: > > > Hassinunga, Manahoac (Mahock), Ontponea, Shackonia, Stegaraki (Stenkenock), > Tauxitania (Tanx), Tegninateo, Whonkentia, Massinacac, Meipontsky, > Mohemencho, Monacan (Manakin), Monahassano (Nahyssan), Monasiccapano, > Moneton, Occaneechi, Saponi, Tutelo, Adshusheer, Backhook, Cape Fear > (Neccoes), Cheraw (Sara, Saraw, Saura, Sauro. Their Cherokee name was the > Sauali), Congaree, Eno (Enoree), Hook, Keyauwee, Nahyssan, Pedee, Santee, > Saxaphaw, Sewee, Shakori (Shoccoree), Shuteree, Sissipahaw, Sugaree, > Waccamaw, Warrennuncock, Wateree, Waxhaw, Winyaw, Woccon. > Collectively, these peoples are what I prefer to call, because of their > related Siouan languages, the Southeastern Siouan, and as you can see, there > were a bunch of them. Just to be on the safe side on what is meant by > "related languages" ...these conclusions are based on the certain core words > (man, woman, etc.) and/or common gramatical structure and do imply that that > there was mutual intellibility. Catawba and a Lakota speakers would have as > much difficulty understanding each other as for instance, a Greek and a > Swede. > > Most of the Southeastern Siouan ended up as part of the Catawba during the > 1700s. Several groups also moved north during this period and joined the > Iroquois covenant chain in Pennsylvania and New York, and others simply > remained in remote areas of the Carolinas and were gradually absorbed by the > general population. That is until recently, when they have started coming > out of the woodwork like the group in Virginia (whose name I forget) which > you inquired about last spring. The largest present-day group-, the Lumbee, > however, seem to be descended from Algonquin-speakers. At least this is what > their tradition says because of the lost Roanoke Colony (Virginia Dare and > all that). From their location in Robeson County NC, it would seem more > likely that the Lumbee were Siouan, but who knows, and I have not found any > reason to dispute their claim. > > Not much has been written about the Southeastern Siouan tribes relative to > the Algonquin-speaking Powhatan and the Tsalagi who spoke an Iroquian > language, but they were generally organized into small and independent bands > which were generally hostile to both the neighboring Tsalagi and Powhatan at > the time that Jamestown was settled in 1607. Their initial contact with > Europeans began much earlier through a series of Spanish slave raids along > the Carolina coasts during the early 1500s which originated from Cuba and > Puerto Rico. One of these, led by Pedro de Quejo and Francisco Gordillo and > funded by Lucas Vsquez de Aylln, landed at Winyaw Bay SC in 1521 and > captured 60 people. Because of sickness, only a few of these prisoners lived > to reach Cuba, but they lasted long enough for the Spanish to learn that > they called either themselves or their homeland Chicora. One young warrior > did survive the capture and voyage south, and after an apparent conversion > to Christianity, was renamed Francisco of Chicora. Francisco volunteered to > serve the Spanish as a guide and interpreter, and in 1525 Aylln sent Quejo > back to area with two ships and 60 men. Francisco accompanied the > expedition, but the Spanish had no sooner hit the beach than he took to the > woods. Aylln later attempted to establish a permanent settlement on the SC > and GA coast but this failed soon after he got ill and died. Note that all > of these things occurrred 15-20 years before De Soto's grand tour of the > region in 1539-43. > > Anyway, that is where the name of Chicora originated. Which tribe was this? > People have been trying to figure this out ever since. Was there ever a > Chicora Nation? Rather doubt this myself because as far as I can tell, the > Southeastern Siouan tribes were never organized politically much beyond the > village or band level until encouraged to do so by the SC colonists after > 1720 when Iroquois war parties began to terrorize the region. Even then, the > individual Siouan tribes were very reluctant to surrender their individual > identities, traditions, and leadership. > > Al [the author of The Coree Are Not Extinct] proposes that the Coree were > the Chicora, but others have suggested the Shakori as better possibility. A > lot of these names sound pretty alike, especially after being mauled though > different European languages over the years. No one knows and few care, but > Al has apparently done a lot of digging where "angels fear to tread" which, > because of the obvious implications of racial mixing, has been shoved under > the carpet, and I would be very interested in looking a good look at what he > has found. However, it appears that he has fallen love with "his tribe" > since he has some pretty harsh words for other tribes: i.e., the Tuscarora > and Cherokee were vassels of the Iroquois and British; the Catawba were the > butt-end of different tribes; and he seems to concluded that the Cofachiqui > were Siouan speakers. It seems fairly certain that the Cofachiqui who were > visited by De Soto in the spring of 1540 were Muskogean speakers (related to > the Creek) who had moved into the Columbia SC area from the southwest during > the 1300s. According to the De Soto Chronicles, the Cofachiqui had a lot of > Mississippian cultural characteristics (mounds, temples, priests, ossaries > or bone houses). The Southeastern Siouan tribes were matrilineal and farmed, > but beyond this had none of these other traits....Lee Sultzman > > So...now you have some sense of what might have been, what might be, > actually...and we can move on...it is with great pleasure I welcome you to a > Prologue to The Coree Are Not Extinct . > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > > Who are the Coree > Family History Relating to the Coree Indians > The Historical Problem > Coree - Intro > Coree - Chapter One > Coree - Chapter Twelve > Coree - Chapter Twenty > Coree - Chapter Twenty-eight > Coree - Chapter Thirty-one > Coree - Chapter Thirty-two > > > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- > ---- > > This site is maintained by JS Dill. > Please provide an opinion regarding this site... > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] > Sent: Sunday, October 07, 2001 5:55 PM > To: [email protected] > Subject: [JERNIGAN-L] Jernigan's and Coree Indians > > > http://www.dickshovel.com/coreeal.html > > <A HREF="http://www.dickshovel.com/coreeal.html">Click here: Coree?</A> > > > BEGIN QUOTE > Barna Jernigan, was the grandson of my great x 5 grandfather "Lame David" > Jernigan, the grandfather of Christian Ammons Pate. Barner Jernigan, his > brother Lovett, his and grandfather David, were all three hung for > activities > in Wayne, Duplin and Sampson Counties arising out of the War of 1812, in > which they were allied with Indians. > They were accused of stealing and transporting slaves to Georgia for sale. > These slaves had been subsisting as families in the woods for over eight > months, when the Jernigans became involved with them, and I believe these > slave were Indians, in lifestyle and identity--with perhaps some African and > > European ancestry. > > "Lame David" Jernigan ran to his friend "Round-Headed Billy" Powell, for > asylum, after murdering Sheriff John Coor-Pender. However, when 18-year-old > Paul Coor-Pender (son of Sheriff Coor-Pender) went to apprehend him, Powell > turned the old man over to him. > The Wayne County Jernigans were served badly by the War of 1812 and > subsequent events, that resulted in the hanging of a beloved patriarch, and > two of his most promising grandsons.Most of the Jernigans ended up south of > Neuse River, where there were many Jacobses, Wynns, Carrs, Simmonses, > Hedgepeths, Ammones, Bakers and other families associated with North > Carolina > Siouan tribes. These folks were a varied lot. Some were holders of slaves. > Some were free. Some were not. Some had "something". Others had a lot of > debt. Conflicts ran high, and political strife was polarized between > Grantham > and Patetown. "Lame David" Jernigan, a disgruntled hero of the Revolutionary > > War, was a founder of Waynesboro. > > Waynesboro was poorly sited. The site for the county seat should have been > on > high ground, at Everettsville, south of the Neuse, or north of the river on > the present site of Cherry Hospital, where a Siouan town survived after > Torhunta's destruction. In 1740 the Quaker Kennedy family came into Wayne > County and settled in the present day area of Cherry Hospital and O'Berry > Center, and began to buy up slaves to ameliorate their condition. This was a > > source of agitation and conflict during the Civil War, for which the > Kennedys > suffered greatly.There's real drama in our East Carolina history. > Inter-tribal Indian warfare provided much of it. Early and late in their > history, the Carolina Siouans sided wrong in wars, however. > > The Coree were officially doomed to oblivion, the cultural and economic > equivalent of annihilation, even though most of the common folk hid in the > woods and watched the massacres at Torhunta and Neooheroka. I hope younger > students of our history will go to the old records about what I've tried to > explain, and tell the story more sympathetically to the people who were > driven from their homes, to make way for European settlement. The politics, > economics and sociology of the Coree history is complex. > > > Grant Johnston, Chico, CA > Maybe the grass is really greener on the other side of the fence. But it's > probably because your neighbor uses more fertilizer and water. > >