Dennis, I have to thank my inter-net contacts for most of the info that has been posted on Attala's site recently. None are from MS that I know of..........I will passed your compliments along to them. I'm sure they will say, "Don't mentioned it." Thank you too, Doug

Doug, please accept my appreciation for having posted several quite useful genealogy items over the last several weeks. You have not only invigorated the board, but provided some very useful finding aids. Dennis Boswell -----Original Message----- From: msattala-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:msattala-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of Douglas Cummins Sent: Tuesday, May 04, 2010 11:55 AM To: MSATTALA@rootsweb.com Subject: [MSATTALA] Eluding Are Your Female Ancestors Eluding You? Are you having trouble tracing a female line? You are not alone. Looking for women requires a readjustment in how we view traditional genealogical record sources. Why? Because the legal status of women at any point in history is the key to unraveling the identity of the female ancestor. For example, when examining land records, researchers should look for dower releases when property was being sold and for marital agreements regarding a woman's land from a previous marriage. When dealing with probate or will records, look in wills of husbands, fathers, and brothers for references to marital status, number of living children, explanations of marital relationships, and so forth. If you're working with public welfare records, you may find references to women in pension applications, almshouse and poorhouse records, aid to the elderly and widows, etc. If you cannot find a certain female Chinese ancestor in the 1900 census, you may not have considered that, under the terms of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese women were denied entry into the United States for a number of years. You'll discover hundreds of considerations for catching up with elusive female ancestors in Christina Schaefer's pioneering book, The Hidden Half of the Family. Mrs. Schaefer urges genealogists to look closely at those areas where the female ancestor interacts with the government and the legal system--where law, precedent, and even custom mandate the unequivocal identification of all parties, male and female. Mrs. Schaefer spells out the various legal categories of information relevant to women's genealogy at both the federal and state level, and furnishes a time line of important events in each state's history regarding women and the law. The bulk of the volume consists of a review of United States laws bearing on women's ancestry and a state-by-state breakdown of those statutes having the greatest import for finding women ancestors. In addition to the chronology, each state chapter contains notes on the periods of coverage and location of pertinent records, and a bibliography. If you are stymied by the missing women in your past, the best place to turn for solid advice is The Hidden Half of the Family. For more information, access the following URL: http://www.genealogical.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&item_number=517 9 ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Are Your Female Ancestors Eluding You? Are you having trouble tracing a female line? You are not alone. Looking for women requires a readjustment in how we view traditional genealogical record sources. Why? Because the legal status of women at any point in history is the key to unraveling the identity of the female ancestor. For example, when examining land records, researchers should look for dower releases when property was being sold and for marital agreements regarding a woman's land from a previous marriage. When dealing with probate or will records, look in wills of husbands, fathers, and brothers for references to marital status, number of living children, explanations of marital relationships, and so forth. If you're working with public welfare records, you may find references to women in pension applications, almshouse and poorhouse records, aid to the elderly and widows, etc. If you cannot find a certain female Chinese ancestor in the 1900 census, you may not have considered that, under the terms of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese women were denied entry into the United States for a number of years. You'll discover hundreds of considerations for catching up with elusive female ancestors in Christina Schaefer's pioneering book, The Hidden Half of the Family. Mrs. Schaefer urges genealogists to look closely at those areas where the female ancestor interacts with the government and the legal system--where law, precedent, and even custom mandate the unequivocal identification of all parties, male and female. Mrs. Schaefer spells out the various legal categories of information relevant to women's genealogy at both the federal and state level, and furnishes a time line of important events in each state's history regarding women and the law. The bulk of the volume consists of a review of United States laws bearing on women's ancestry and a state-by-state breakdown of those statutes having the greatest import for finding women ancestors. In addition to the chronology, each state chapter contains notes on the periods of coverage and location of pertinent records, and a bibliography. If you are stymied by the missing women in your past, the best place to turn for solid advice is The Hidden Half of the Family. For more information, access the following URL: http://www.genealogical.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&item_number=5179

Darwin Dynasty Cursed By Inbreeding Charles Darwin’s family suffered from the deleterious effects of inbreeding, suggests a new study that serves as ironic punctuation to the evolutionary theorist's life work. Pioneer of the theory that genetic traits affect survival of both individual organisms and species, Darwin wondered in his own lifetime if his marriage to first cousin Emma Wedgwood was having “the evil effects of close interbreeding” that he had observed in plants and animals. Three of their children died before age 10, two from infectious diseases. The survivors were often ill, and out of the six long-term marriages that resulted, only half produced any children. According to researchers at Ohio State University and Spain's Universidad de Santiago de Compestela, that alone is a "suspicious" sign that the Darwins suffered from reproductive problems. You can read more in an article by Zoё Macintosh in the LiveScience web site at http://www.livescience.com/history/charles-darwin-inbreeding-100503.html Thanks to David E. Cummins for this info

Family Tree DNA Launches Family Finder DNA Test Using The following announcement was written by Affymetrix: HOUSTON & SANTA CLARA, Calif., May 03, 2010 -- Family Tree DNA, the first and largest genealogical DNA testing company, today announced the launch of the Family Finder DNA test for connecting family members across all ancestral lines. The test utilizes Affymetrix' /quotes/comstock/15*!affx/quotes/nls/affx (AFFX 7.15, +0.20, +2.88%) recently launched Axiom(TM) genotyping technology and the GeneTitan(R) System to confidently match a wide range of family relationships within five generations. Family Finder represents a major advancement over earlier genealogical tests, which revealed only connections along specific paternal lines (for males) or maternal lines (males or females). Family Finder enables anyone, regardless of gender, to look for connections such as grandparents, aunts and uncles, half siblings, and first, second, third, and fourth cousins. "This is the most exciting genetic genealogy breakthrough since 2000, when Family Tree DNA launched its Y-DNA test to uncover relatives in the direct paternal line," said Bennett Greenspan, founder and CEO of Family Tree DNA. "The comprehensive, genome-wide coverage of Axiom Arrays enables us to offer consumers the most advanced genealogical test available at a price that is attractive to our customers. In addition, the automated GeneTitan System allows us to process hundreds of samples at a time with minimal hands-on time for maximum efficiency." The Family Finder test analyzes the DNA of two individuals using Axiom Array Plates containing nearly 570,000 genetic markers, including many that are relevant to genealogy. Family Tree DNA then analyzes the resulting data with internally developed algorithms to determine the closeness of the relationship. The complete Axiom Genotyping Solution includes array plates, complete reagent kits, and an automated workflow that enables scientists to process more than 760 samples per week. Family Tree DNA offers counseling services, tutorials, and other helpful tools to assist in the genealogy and matching process, and provides names and email addresses of matched individuals whenever possible for easy communication. "The Family Finder test represents a huge step forward for the direct-to-consumer genetic genealogy market and the application of microarray technology," said Kevin King, president and CEO of Affymetrix. "Now anyone can utilize the power of the Axiom Genotyping Solution and the GeneTitan System to find and connect with a broader range of family members than ever before." For more information about the Family Finder test, please visit www.familytreedna.com. For more information about Affymetrix products for genetic research, please visit www.affymetrix.com. About Family Tree DNA Founded in April 2000, Family Tree DNA (www.familytreedna.com) was the first company to develop the commercial application of DNA testing for genealogical purposes, something that had previously been available only for academic and scientific research. Almost a decade later, the Houston, Texas-based company has a database with over 290,000 individual records -- the largest DNA database in genetic genealogy, a number that makes Family Tree DNA the prime source for anyone researching recent and distant family ties. In 2006 Family Tree DNA established a state-of-the-art Genomics Research Center at its headquarters in Houston, where it currently performs R&D and processes over 200 advanced types of DNA tests for its customers, including the new Family Finder test. About Affymetrix Affymetrix technology is used by the world's top pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and biotechnology companies, as well as leading academic, government, and nonprofit research institutes. More than 1,900 systems have been shipped around the world and more than 21,000 peer-reviewed papers have been published using the technology. Affymetrix is headquartered in Santa Clara, Calif., and has manufacturing facilities in Cleveland, Ohio, and Singapore. The company has about 1,000 employees worldwide and maintains sales and distribution operations across Europe and Asia. For more information about Affymetrix, please visit www.affymetrix.com. The Axiom Genotyping Solution and the GeneTitan Instrument are for research use only and are not for use in diagnostic procedures. I don't see anything about the money part. I'm sure there's a fee......... Thanks to Dick Eastman for this info

Switching to lighter fonts can save costs with your genealogy printing. Here's a way you might save $20 this year: "Change the font in the documents you print." Because different fonts require different amounts of ink to print, you could be buying new printer cartridges less often if you wrote in, say, Century Gothic rather than Arial. Data on the subject from Printer.com, a Dutch company that evaluates printer attributes, persuaded the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay to make a switch. Diane Blohowiak, coordinator of information-technology user support, has asked faculty and staff to use Century Gothic for all printed documents. When Printer.com tested popular fonts for their ink-friendly ways, Century Gothic and Times New Roman topped the list. Calibri, Verdana, Arial and Sans Serif were next, followed by Trebuchet, Tahoma and Franklin Gothic Medium. Century Gothic uses about 30 percent less ink than Arial. Also, serif fonts — those with short horizontal lines at the top and bottom of characters — tend to use thinner lines and thus less ink than a "sans serif" counterpart. That's because some fonts that use less ink, including Century Gothic, are also wider. A document that's one page in Arial could extend to a second page if printed in Century Gothic. The standard advice for trimming printing expenses still applies: Print in "draft mode," if you can. Use both sides of a page and do a print preview to make sure you're not printing pages with useless text such as a copyright line. Using an ink-saving font is just one more technique to consider. Thanks to Dinesh Ramde for this info.

FamilySearch Adds 300 Million Names FamilySearch, the world's largest repository of genealogical information, today announced it will release records containing 300 million names that can now be researched online for free. Jay Verkler, president of Family Search, the genealogy division of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, said these records and millions of names are being indexed, digitized and published through FamilySearch.org. The records contain information genealogists would have had to painstakingly pick through to find an ancestor's name or they would have had to contact a specific government agency or travel to the area of study to research. Among the indexed records are the 1935 South Dakota state census; Washington, D.C., deaths and burials 1840-1964; and Utah marriages, 1887-1966. Family Search has established a temporary website, fsbeta.FamilySearch.org for the newly released names. In the next several weeks, the site will become a permanent part of FamilySearch.org. Thanks to Dick Eastman for this info.

A fine article by Michael J. Leclerc: Genealogical Writing: Proofreading Proofreading is the process of reviewing a manuscript to minimize errors. One or more copies of the manuscript are printed out and given to readers. This step is crucial to the writing process, and it is important that it is not skipped. The term proofreading comes from the old days of printing presses with moveable type. Typesetters would take a manuscript and put lead type into trays for the presses. A few proof copies would be given back to be checked for errors. Readers would then mark up the pages and send them back to the typesetters for corrections. Typesetters would occasionally put a piece of type into the tray upside-down or backwards. Spacing bars might be put in the wrong place. Letters or words were occasionally transposed. Difficulty reading the original manuscript might lead to the wrong letter being set. The advent of personal computers has made some of these errors obsolete. For example, one rarely sees characters accidentally inverted in computer manuscripts. But others will still be made. Multiple reviews of a manuscript are usually necessary. One will review for formatting and spacing issues, one will look for typographical errors, etc. The more eyes that review a manuscript, the better the chances are of catching mistakes. Articles for American Ancestors, for example, might be reviewed by as many as eight people. eNews is reviewed by a dozen individuals in addition to the editors. While many errors are caught by multiple individuals, each person usually catches things that no other reader caught. Professional proofreaders use a standard system of marks when reading text to indicate corrections to be made. The carat symbol (^) is used to indicate a place where text should be inserted. The pound sign (#) is used to show a place where space should be inserted. A slash mark (/) is used to separate two or more marks in a row. You can see some proofreader’s marks from Merriam-Webster at www.merriam-webster.com/mw/table/proofrea.htm. Can you proofread your own writing? Absolutely! Should you also have others proofread your work? Absolutely! As the author, you may catch things others don’t see. That said, just as one cannot edit one’s own writing completely, one cannot proofread one’s own work completely. Authors will easily gloss over errors unintentionally that will stick out to other readers. Your local community college, university, or adult education program may offer courses in proofreading. They may be offered individually, or as part of a longer course in editing or writing. One thing you must prepare yourself for is that no matter how many people proofread your document, the minute you publish something you will find an error that wasn’t caught. Rare is the book or magazine that doesn’t have some type of error in it. You will also discover that many people jump to give you feedback about errors. Some will present it to you in a friendly tone to assist you. Others will come across as self-important know-it-alls who criticize others to inflate their own self-worth. Kindly thank the former, and ignore the latter. Include the important step of proofreading in your writing, and your final product will always be the best it can be.

Most Libraries have what is called, "The Inter-Library Loan Program." This program has been set up for people that cannot visit out-of-state-libraries, that may house micro-film or documents in their inventory (catalog) that one may like to view. "First, go on line or visit your local library and see if a particular out of state "Library's Catalog" list your item. Obtain complete information as to it's title, author, micro-film dates, file, ect. (Provide as much info as possible.) Give this information to your local Liberian, along with the out of state library's mailing and e-mail addresses, w/phone number. The library will handle the rest and notify you when it arrives. The loan is for 30 days and restricted for your use. It cannot be checked out or removed from the building. My family's minutes came from Samford University, which house archive(s) of southern "Baptist Churches", but not all of them. Their address is: Samford University’s “Special Collection Library”, 800 Lake Shore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229. I wrote this in a hurry, got to go.......let me know if I missed something.

Carol Goodenough and Barbara Hernden have just put out their first genealogy newsletter. They live in MI. It is free. You can sign up to receive a monthly newsletter or whenever they send one out if you like. I ordered some material from them that they had just used in their first genealogy class and I was well pleased. The packet is excellent for someone who is just starting out tracing their family history and it also had some good reminders of info for those of us that have been doing this for a long time. If you decide to order their materials or get the newsletter, I would appreciate you letting them know how you found them. I don't receive anything for helping them. I'm just trying to help us all make our jobs a little easier when it comes to research. You may contact Carol at: ggsgenea@aol.com http://attala.msghn.org/ Reunion 2010. July 17th, Schochoh, Logan County, Kentucky USA 10:00 AM to 4:PM All Welcome Maternal Surnames: CassityCassetty/Casada/Casaday/Cassidy/Cassitdy/Caskey/Casty Etc Spelling of the name, Climer, Dalton, Davis, Dycus, Green, Harton, Holland, Hughes, Hull, Jackson, Key, King, Kirby, Knight, Law, Lawler, Lee, Long, Manson, Marrow, Massey, McInnis, McKinnis, Newberry, Patterson, Pike, Ramsey, Sircy, Soyars, Thomas, Welch, Witcher, Young Fathernal Surnames: Adams, Brooks, Bull, Burchfield, Chenault, Cohen, Conn, Coon, Duncan, Gilkey, Gregory, Jamison, Long, Lowe, Lowery, Norwood, Peeler, Pressley, Searcy, Shomaker/Shumaker, Thomlin, White, Williams Spouse: Blanton, Burchett, Coldiron, Fairchild, Conley, Long, Williams, Howard, Picklesimer

I was privileged some years ago to be present at Pleasant Ridge Baptist Church in Attala County during home coming services. Excerpts were read for the minutes of the church as part of the program. In one instance I recall that someone was removed from fellowship for drinking a Coca Cola and dancing. I wonder if we could start contacting some pastors and find old minutes for some of the churches here in the county. It would certainly add to the information we have on the list plus it might add to some of our lines. Might be worth a shot. Gigi Four things you can't recover: The stone.......after the throw. The word........after it's said. The occasion.........after it's missed. The time...........after it's gone. _________________________________________________________________ The New Busy is not the too busy. Combine all your e-mail accounts with Hotmail. http://www.windowslive.com/campaign/thenewbusy?tile=multiaccount&ocid=PID28326::T:WLMTAGL:ON:WL:en-US:WM_HMP:042010_4

For someone far removed from Attala (way out here in California), this would be a real Godsend. I haven't the means or time to travel back to my roots any other way, it seems.... We did visit once, some years ago, to see Liberty Chapel Cemetery and the area of Little Georgia. Kathy Stevens Bridges, Threadgill, etc. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Gigi Tanksley" <gigitanksley@msn.com> To: "MSATTALA" <msattala@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 27, 2010 1:58 PM Subject: [MSATTALA] Church Minutes > > > I was privileged some years ago to be present at Pleasant Ridge Baptist > Church in Attala County during home coming services. Excerpts were read > for the minutes of the church as part of the program. In one instance I > recall that someone was removed from fellowship for drinking a Coca Cola > and dancing. > > I wonder if we could start contacting some pastors and find old minutes > for some of the churches here in the county. It would certainly add to > the information we have on the list plus it might add to some of our > lines. Might be worth a shot. > > > Gigi > > Four things you can't recover: > > The stone.......after the throw. The word........after it's said. > > The occasion.........after it's missed. The time...........after it's > gone. > > > > _________________________________________________________________ > The New Busy is not the too busy. Combine all your e-mail accounts with > Hotmail. > http://www.windowslive.com/campaign/thenewbusy?tile=multiaccount&ocid=PID28326::T:WLMTAGL:ON:WL:en-US:WM_HMP:042010_4 > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

I have a copy of church minutes "Constitution (1846), Membership Roll and Minutes of Greensboro Baptist Church of Christ - 1877-1897". There are several instances of matters (drinking, dancing, etc) where names of members guilty of these actions were brought before a church in a business meeting. When this happened, if the member chose to refrain from these actions; the member was restored to fellowship of the church and it was so stated in the minutes. However there are some instances recorded where, the member being held accountable for his conduct, was dismissed from the fellowship, and it is recorded in the church minutes, as was necessary for church to vote, to take his name off the roll. One such notation: "Lucy Cromer - Excluded Jun xx 1880; Restored 25 Aug 1880."" ""Sister McGarrh & Sisters Cromer ....Sister Alice Cromer made acknowledgment and was forgiven, the other 3 were cases were deferred until next meeting.""" Thanks for checking and letting me know. Wanda -----Original Message----- From: msattala-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:msattala-bounces@rootsweb.com]On Behalf Of Douglas Cummins Sent: Saturday, April 24, 2010 10:02 AM To: MSATTALA@rootsweb.com Subject: [MSATTALA] Church Minutes Wanda, I asked the Librarian then about those minutes when a particular Church member strayed and was counseled by the elders. Unfortunately, the session(s) was verbally resolved in the person's home and the minutes wasn't recorded. Appears to be a "Forgive and Forget." policy. Doug: This was a most interesting read, in that, recently, I was in a Sunday morning Baptist Bible Study, and one of the topics, was how does the church deal with some of the major indiscretions of its members, today? In other words, how are we, as Christians, suppose to hold each other accountable? So as you can guess, this was an interesting read for me Thanks for sharing Wanda ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG - www.avg.com Version: 8.5.437 / Virus Database: 271.1.1/2831 - Release Date: 04/24/10 06:31:00

Joining Hereditary Societies, some restrictions apply Have you ever thought of applying for membership in a hereditary society like the DAR or the Order of the Crown of Charlemagne? You may be surprised to learn just how many hereditary organizations exist, what their requirements are, or that you cannot actually apply for some of them. Carolyn Barkley discusses lineage organizations-from the famous to the obscure--in this week's original article at……………….. www.genealogyandfamilyhistory.com.

Biographical Dictionary of Early Virginians The below excerpt is from Martha McCartney's outstanding book, "Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers, 1607-1635": A Biographical Dictionary: On May 13, 1607, Virginia's first colonists came ashore on what became known as Jamestown Island. The next day, they commenced establishing an outpost they called James Cittie or Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the United States. The 104 colonists were unaware that they had arrived at the close of the most severe period of drought to strike tidewater Virginia in 500 years. Moreover, they paid little heed to the fact that they had intruded upon the homeland of Natives whose culture was well developed. The men the Virginia Company had named to the colony's Council elected a president. Soon, sickness, bickering, and food shortages began taking a deadly toll. After successive changes in leadership, Captain John Smith became president. A vigorous but controversial leader, he imposed military discipline and forced the colonists to plant crops, build houses and fortifications, and work toward their own support. His ability to negotiate with the Indians proved invaluable. In early January 1608, 120 weak and famished immigrants (the 1st Supply) came ashore. Approximately nine months later, 70 more colonists landed in the 2nd Supply. Among them were two women, the first to arrive. Finally, in May 1609, a 3rd Supply of colonists set sail for Virginia. The fleet of nine ships got caught in a hurricane and in August seven of them limped into Jamestown, with 200 to 300 passengers. One small vessel went down at sea. Also missing was the flagship 'Seaventure,' which had run aground in Bermuda, stranding the men chosen to serve as the colony's principal leaders. Samuel Argall arrived in Virginia in July 1609, spreading word of the Virginia Company's plan to change the way the colony was governed. This sparked dissention, and Captain John Smith, ousted as president and injured by a gunpowder explosion, left the colony. George Percy took his place. At Jamestown, the struggle to survive proved so arduous that the winter of 1609-1610, termed the 'Starving Time,' nearly led to the colony's extinction. In May 1610, Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers, and other members of the 3rd Supply reached Virginia in two vessels fashioned from Bermuda's native cedar wood. Gates, who was ill-prepared for the dire conditions he found, resolved to evacuate the surviving colonists to Newfoundland, where they could secure passage to England. Only the timely arrival of Lord De La Warr's three ships in June, with provisions and 250 new immigrants, averted the Virginia colony's abandonment. De La Warr immediately put the colonists to work, cleansing and strengthening their settlement, and he dispatched Gates and Somers to Bermuda to bring back food. As it turned out, Somers died and Gates returned to England. In May 1611 Sir Thomas Dale arrived with 300 new settlers. He was joined in August by Sir Thomas Gates, Virginia's lieutenant governor, who brought an additional 300 people and new instructions from the Virginia Company. Together, Gates and Dale, former comrades-in-arms, fabricated a strict code of justice known as 'The Lawes Divine and Martiall,' which required the colonists to work toward their own support and imposed severe penalties upon the disobedient. In response to the Company's orders to build the colony's principal town in a healthier, more defensible location than Jamestown Island, Dale, as marshal, established several new settlements near the head of the James River in territory that became known as Charles City and Henrico. In 1614 he sent some colonists to the Eastern Shore to extract salt from seawater, so that fish could be preserved. Sir Thomas Dale, as deputy-governor, introduced several innovative policies that fostered the colony's development. During his administration, John Rolfe developed a strain of sweet-scented tobacco that quickly became a highly marketable money crop and fueled the spread of settlement. Deputy Governor Samuel Argall, who took over in 1617-1618, pursued many of the strict policies that Dale had established. In April 1619 incoming Governor George Yeardley suspended martial law and, in accord with his instructions, subdivided the colony into four corporations: James City, Elizabeth City, Charles City, and Henrico. Each was vast in size and vaguely defined, but encompassed both sides of the James River. In July 1619 delegates from all but one of the colony's plantations went to Jamestown, where they convened in America's first legislative assembly. The following month another momentous event occurred. A Dutch frigate and a ship called the 'Treasurer' sailed into the mouth of the James River with Virginia's first Africans aboard. The Virginia Company's Great Charter, which Governor Yeardley implemented, introduced a land policy known as the headright system. In synch with the fledgling tobacco economy, it was an enormous stimulus to settlement, for it provided prospective immigrants with an incentive to seek their fortunes in Virginia. It also encouraged groups of wealthy investors to underwrite the cost of outfitting and transporting prospective colonists to establish large 'particular' (private) plantations, sometimes known as 'hundreds.' Because an individual could acquire 50 acres of land by underwriting the cost of another's transportation, successful planters could bring indentured servants to Virginia to work their land, simultaneously accumulating acreage and fulfilling their need for labor. In essence, the headright system enabled Virginia colonists to acquire real estate and work toward their own personal gain. During Sir George Yeardley's first term as governor (1619 to 1621), 18 or 19 new private plantations were established. Most were thinly scattered along both sides of the James River, west of the Chickahominy River's mouth. After Sir Francis Wyatt became governor (1621 to 1626), at least a dozen new plantations were established along the James River, within largely vacant territory that was close to Jamestown Island. Unfortunately, many of the plantations seated while Governors Yeardley and Wyatt held office lay within what scientists call the oligohaline zone, an area within the James River basin where salt concentrations are especially high in summer and tidal action fails to flush away contaminants. The result was a high mortality rate. Even so, the Virginia colony grew and flourished and by March 1620 there were 928 people living within the colonized areas: 892 Europeans, 32 Africans (17 women and 15 men), and four Indians. All of the Indians and Africans were described as being 'in ye service of severall planters.' On March 22, 1622, the Native population, threatened by the inroads of expanding settlement, launched a carefully orchestrated attack upon the sparsely inhabited plantations along the James River. It was a vigorous attempt to drive the colonists from their soil. At the end of the day, an estimated 347 men, women, and children reportedly were dead, just over a third of the colony's population. Although the survivors withdrew to eight settlements that were strengthened and held, by autumn 1623 many colonists had begun reoccupying the outlying plantations they had abandoned. Again, settlement began to spread and by the mid-1620s the Virginia colony had become well established. In February 1624, when a community-by-community census was made of the colony's inhabitants, at least 906 people were living within the settled area and another 371 colonists had died since April 1623. By January and February 1625 the number of living colonists had soared to 1,232. In May 1624 the Virginia Company's charter was revoked and Virginia became a Crown colony. Although the settlers weathered a period of uncertainty, their concern about their land titles' validity was quickly put to rest. However, the legal dilemma posed by the defunct Virginia Company's ownership of land proved to be more troublesome. Surviving land patents reveal that for the first decade after the Company's dissolution, the tracts of land its leaders had set aside to generate income for investors were let to leaseholders. Despite some half-hearted attempts to revive the Virginia Company, by the early-to-mid 1630s patents were issued for those parcels. In 1634 the colony was subdivided into eight shires or counties, each of which was to have a local court with justices, a sheriff, a clerk, and other functionaries. It was then that James City, Charles City, Elizabeth City (Kecoughtan), Henrico, Warwick, York (Charles River), Isle of Wight (Warresqueak), and Accomack counties were formed, replacing the four corporations that previously existed. The establishment of county courts, whose authority increased over time, relieved the Quarter Court of many routine matters, freeing it to handle important cases and function as an appellate body. In 1634 the colony had a population of 4,914, and new immigrants were arriving constantly.

"Jacobitism & American Colonial Immigration," by David Dobson ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ What was Jacobitism and what relevance did it have for immigration to colonial America? Jacobitism was basically a movement committed to restoring the House of Stuart to the throne of Great Britain and Ireland. It originated when King James II of England, who was simultaneously King James VII of Scotland, abandoned his kingdoms and fled to France in 1689. His hurried departure was prompted by the arrival in England of William of Orange, later to reign with his wife as William and Mary. The dual monarchs were succeeded by Queen Anne and thereafter followed the ruling House of Hanover. Support for the House of Stuart could be found throughout the three kingdoms of England, Ireland, and Scotland, especially among Catholics and High Anglicans. Hoping to reinstate the Stuart regime, the Jacobites rose in rebellion on a number of occasions, notably in 1715 and in 1745. In 1715 the main centers of revolt were in Scotland and in the north of England, and the revolt's failure led to many of its supporters being transported in chains to the colonies or taking refuge on the continent. By 1745 Jacobitism had lost some of its appeal, especially in England and the Scottish Lowlands. Instead, the main support came from the Highlands, and the ensuing Jacobite defeat had severe repercussions there. Perhaps a total of 1,500 Jacobite prisoners were exiled to the American Plantations in the aftermath of the rebellions of 1715 and 1745. At the same time other Scots, such as the physician and future Revolutionary War martyr Hugh Mercer, fled to America. The Scottish movement to America, of course, had begun earlier. In Scotland the Stuart Kings had required the Church of Scotland to follow Episcopalian practices, but William and Mary returned the Church of Scotland to Presbyterianism in 1689. Consequently, a number of displaced Episcopal ministers immigrated to America to seek employment in the Anglican church there. (James Blair is the best example of this.) So also did a number of schoolmasters who became tutors to colonial families. The failure of the Jacobite Rebellions had a significant impact on the social structure in the Scottish Highlands, which already was cracking under pressure from the commercial and industrial revolutions underway in the rest of Scotland. While emigration from Lowland Scotland to America had begun in the 17th century, voluntary emigration from the Highlands began in the 1730s, especially to Georgia and North Carolina. This process was intensified by the failure of the Jacobites and the subsequent collapse of the clan system. The forced transportation of Jacobites to America sparked an interest in emigration among many other Highlanders. Ten years after the final battle between the Jacobites and the Hanoverians at Culloden in 1746, the British government began, for the first time, to recruit regiments in the Scottish Highlands. These soldiers were sent to America to fight in the French and Indian Wars in regiments such as Fraser's Highlanders and Montgomery's Highlanders. In the aftermath many of these soldiers chose to settle in America and in turn encouraged their relatives in Scotland to join them. At the same time certain Catholic families in the Highlands who had supported the Jacobites were emigrating. For example, the McDonells settled initially in upstate New York before moving to Canada after the Revolution. So intense was the level of emigration from Great Britain at one point, especially from the Scottish Highlands, that the government decided to compile what has become known as the "Register of Emigrants 1773-1774," the only comprehensive list of its kind compiled before the American Revolution. The failure of the Jacobite movement also had among its consequences a collapse of the traditional social structure in the Highlands and its replacement by more commercial practices. This led to the Highlands being depopulated, with the people either moving south to the growing industrial towns or emigrating to North America.

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Could you repost the e-mail concerning the old cotton mill. I believe my father worked here. thank you In a message dated 4/24/2010 2:44:48 P.M. Central Daylight Time, attalacoordinator@gmail.com writes: Charles, I have e-mails that you sent to the list dating back to March 2008. I re-read every posting you sent to the list which included subjects such as the old cotton mill, the smallpox outbreak of 1909, the Sand Hill Cemetery, flag draped coffins, childhood memories and... Lo and behold, there were three e-mails from you in March and April 2009 that contained photos and the e-mails had never been opened. I owe you my profound apologies. Apparently I could not get to them right away and somehow they were overlooked later. I am sorry and I will address this immediately. Everette ----- Original Message ----- From: "Charles" <tenman.1@sbcglobal.net> To: <msattala@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, April 23, 2010 6:01 PM Subject: Re: [MSATTALA] Thanks > what kind of information, i have seen pictures and there history, and they > never was posted; > thought the site had stop posting, > > Charles McAdams, > p o box 20184 > white hall ark > 71612 > tenman.1@sbcglobal.net > phone 870 247 5123 > > > > > ________________________________ > From: Attala Director <attalacoordinator@gmail.com> > To: msattala@rootsweb.com > Sent: Fri, April 23, 2010 11:46:37 AM > Subject: Re: [MSATTALA] Thanks > > If anyone has any information or data on Attala County, please submit to > the > Attala County Director for the Mississippi Genealogy and History Network > at: > > attaladirector@gmail.com; > > Visit the Attala County genealogy and history site at: > > http://attala.msghn.org/ > > I could use your help. > > Everette Carr > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Douglas Cummins" <dcumyns@gmail.com> > To: <MSATTALA@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Thursday, April 22, 2010 9:29 PM > Subject: [MSATTALA] Thanks > > > Thanks David, > > > > This genealogy stuff to me is kinda like growing (30's and 40's) up on my > parent’s farm in the MS delta. It takes a bit of weeding now and then > before > you get to the heart of the matter. > > > Ever think about taking over the Attala's site again? At times it appears > to > be on life support. > > > Doug > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes > in the subject and the body of the message > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

---------- Forwarded message ---------- From: Douglas Cummins <dcumyns@gmail.com> Date: Sun, Apr 25, 2010 at 7:17 PM Subject: 101 Ways to Research Free To: dcumyns@gmail.com 101 Way to Research Free: Some of these sites looked promising. For those that have been turning rocks for ages, may be a refresher. Click: http://genealogy.about.com/cs/free_genealogy/a/free_sites.htm ........................ During the past two years, the U.S. National Archives has embraced the Internet as a tool for engaging with their users - not only are they digitizing some of their more  popular records and getting them online, but they also host several great blogs such as the NARAtions blog, and even solicit feedback through Facebook and Twitter pages. On the NARA Web site there are thousands of online records.

This information come from, Dennis K. Boswell; there pictures on Attala county website; i remember it from when i was a kid a lot of people work there; they had there on school; houses ;and stores; some of the old houses are still there; Kosciusko Cotton Mill Kosciusko, a small town in central Mississippi, entered the twentieth century looking toward the future. On August 26, 1899, the small town, later known locally as the Beehive of the Hills, organized and approved a capital investment of $167,000 for the construction of its first large industry. It was the town's first major move toward industralization. Two years later in August 1901, the Kosciusko Cotton Mill was completed and began operations with C. L. Anderson, president; W. B. Potts, vice-president; and Walter Burgress, secretary; A. E. Kelly, W. L. Anderson, N. O. Thompson, Walter Burgress, C. C. Kelly, John Fletcher, W. B. Potts, J. A. Gilliland, and F. Z. Jackson, board of directors.3 The mill was initially powered by a single steam engine and employed approximately one hundred workers to operate 5,000 spindles. The machinery, including spinning frames, came from a mill at Charlotte, North Carolina, which was purchased in tact from the owner, S. W. Cranner, and moved to Kosciusko. The mill was an instant success, and in 1907, it added a second steam engine, installed 320 looms, increased the number of spindles to 12,600, and workers to some one hundred and seventy-five in the production of white goods.4 In 1911, as the state's textile industry fell on hard times, James Sanders entered the cotton manufacturing business. He purchased the Kosciusko mill and immediately initiated still another expansion program; and under his program, the number of workers more than doubled to some three hundred and fifty, spindles increased to 30,572, and looms to 1,131. The production changed from white goods only to a variety of fabrics, including chambry, gingham, bed ticking, and pillow ticking.5 He effectively saved the mill and small town. The Kosciusko mill, renamed Aponaug Manufacturing Company, continued to be a booming success; it enabled Sanders to expand rapidly and acquire mills at Starkville, Natchez, Winona, Yazoo City, and Mobile. Other purchases would follow, but, to reiterate, this was the genesis of the Sanders conglomerate of cotton mills. The mill was to remain Sander's largest mill and Kosciusko's largest industry for the next forty-two years. By the late 1930s, it operated day and night, employing some four hundred workers with an estimated payroll of $175,000 annually. With the wide variety of fabrics, Sears Roebuck & Company soon became its largest customer, and in the mid-thirties, the mill often had up to six months in back orders for Sears. In addition, the mill served customers in most of the major cities in the United States and several international markets.6 With Preston Newell as superintendent, the immense prosperity that began in the late thirties continued through the war years.7 Most of the mill workers lived in an adjoining village, consisting of about eighty-five small frame houses. Being isolated from the town, the village had few amenities such as city water, inside plumbing, paved streets, or sidewalks; except for electricity which became available in the early thirties, other services and utilities such as the telephone, natural gas, and mail delivery did not come until the late forties. Each house, as usual, had sufficient land for a vegetable garden, a pig, a few chickens, and access to a community pasture for milk cows. The mill provided an elementary school through the eight grade, a church, a community playground and three large ponds. John Felder's grocery store, a barber shop, and Bud Felder's small hamburger shop completed the village and assisted in keeping the mill people within the village limits.8 Several mill families lived in Crowley's flats consisting of twenty-two small frame houses near the business section of town and Peeler's flats with about thirty-two similar houses midway between the town and village. Living in either flats had the disadvantage of being a substantial distance from the mill, and most workers in the twenties and thirties had little choice but to walk to and from work. Crowley's was about a mile and a half from the mill and Peeler's less than a mile and, in either case, a considerable distance to walk when added to a ten-hour workday. Later, as the labor market became more competitive at the beginning of World War II, Sanders provided bus transportation. But living in the flats had some advantages. The houses had a few more amenities than the village houses, but the big advantage was the close proximity of both flats to the town school. Unlike the children in the village, children in the flats attended the town grade school and that, as will be seen later, was a tremendous benefit. Like most other Mississippi cotton mill towns in the early years of the Twentieth Century, many of the Kosciusko mill villagers felt that most of the town people preferred that they stay out of town, except on payday. And like most other Southern mill towns, social intercourse between town people and mill people was limited. Whatever the reason, it was not unusual. Most historians agree that an attitude of superiority by town people toward cotton mill people was common, and the attitude generally applied, as noted by Jennings Rhyn in Some Southern Mill Workers and Their Villages, to textile workers throughout the nation, North and South.9 In fact, it is interesting to note that textile workers throughout the nation were generally referred to as "hands or operatives" as if they were something less than human. If these attitudes prevailed at Kosciusko as most villagers believed, ironically the village elementary school may have contributed to or actually promoted them by segregating and isolating village children. Before !940, most Mississippi children, like most American children everywhere, did not attend school beyond the eight grade, and thus the separate schools restricted the opportunities for village and town children to interact and establish relationships with each other. This pattern changed, beginning in the early forties, when more and more Mississippi children began to attend high school and college. Children from the town, the village, and the country came together for education and, in the process, established lasting relationships. The relationships became even closer when, almost simultaneously, the young men began to march off together to World War II and a few years later to the Korean Conflict.10 Children attending the village school experienced classical segregation and discrimination, but the potential damage was offset by teachers quietly promoting the development of self esteem and stressing the importance of preparing for the future. Miss Alva Thomas, principal and strong promoter of the Sanders mill and its school, taught the seventh and eight grades; her two sisters, Anna and Lois, along with Christine Paine taught two grades each and completed the faculty. Each school day started in a way now considered unlawful; the student body assembled in the school's auditorium for the recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, a short biblical reading, and a prayer. The big event of the year was the annual play, with eight grade actors playing to a full house of villagers. I attended and completed the eight grade class and have fond memories of the school and Miss Alva. I recall it as a memorable and beneficial experience, highlighted by a leading role in the annual play. The school with its community playground and three large ponds nearby provided the village with a very active recreation center. The ponds provided water for the mill's five steam engines, and for the villagers, swimming, boating, and fishing. The best fishing, however, was at Fletcher's bridge, about five miles south of the village, where my friend, Joe Mathews, and I would frequently go on a Saturday morning with his father and usually one other adult male in a horse-drawn wagon, camp and fish overnight, and return Sunday afternoon. Other social activities centered around the church and John Felder's Grocery where, across the street and under the shade of two large Oak trees, the men played checkers and dominoes. For fifty-two years to the month, the Kosciusko mill was the town's largest industry and its economic base. Then in August 1953, Robert Sanders in ill health closed the mill, along with his other three remaining mills at Magnolia, Starkville and West Point, and after his death in 1954, the mill and village houses were sold. Ironically, Sanders suffered a heart attack while attending a conference with local business leaders about the possible reopening of the Aponaug Mill and died a few days later on September 25, 1954. Charles McAdams, p o box 20184 white hall ark 71612 tenman.1@sbcglobal.net phone 870 247 5123 ________________________________ From: "DianeS4067@aol.com" <DianeS4067@aol.com> To: msattala@rootsweb.com Sent: Sun, April 25, 2010 6:33:52 PM Subject: Re: [MSATTALA] Thanks Could you repost the e-mail concerning the old cotton mill. I believe my father worked here. thank you In a message dated 4/24/2010 2:44:48 P.M. Central Daylight Time, attalacoordinator@gmail.com writes: Charles, I have e-mails that you sent to the list dating back to March 2008. I re-read every posting you sent to the list which included subjects such as the old cotton mill, the smallpox outbreak of 1909, the Sand Hill Cemetery, flag draped coffins, childhood memories and... Lo and behold, there were three e-mails from you in March and April 2009 that contained photos and the e-mails had never been opened. I owe you my profound apologies. Apparently I could not get to them right away and somehow they were overlooked later. I am sorry and I will address this immediately. Everette ----- Original Message ----- From: "Charles" <tenman.1@sbcglobal.net> To: <msattala@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, April 23, 2010 6:01 PM Subject: Re: [MSATTALA] Thanks > what kind of information, i have seen pictures and there history, and they > never was posted; > thought the site had stop posting, > > Charles McAdams, > p o box 20184 > white hall ark > 71612 > tenman.1@sbcglobal.net > phone 870 247 5123 > > > > > ________________________________ > From: Attala Director <attalacoordinator@gmail.com> > To: msattala@rootsweb.com > Sent: Fri, April 23, 2010 11:46:37 AM > Subject: Re: [MSATTALA] Thanks > > If anyone has any information or data on Attala County, please submit to > the > Attala County Director for the Mississippi Genealogy and History Network > at: > > attaladirector@gmail.com; > > Visit the Attala County genealogy and history site at: > > http://attala.msghn.org/ > > I could use your help. > > Everette Carr > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Douglas Cummins" <dcumyns@gmail.com> > To: <MSATTALA@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Thursday, April 22, 2010 9:29 PM > Subject: [MSATTALA] Thanks > > > Thanks David, > > > > This genealogy stuff to me is kinda like growing (30's and 40's) up on my > parent’s farm in the MS delta. It takes a bit of weeding now and then > before > you get to the heart of the matter. > > > Ever think about taking over the Attala's site again? At times it appears > to > be on life support. > > > Doug > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes > in the subject and the body of the message > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to MSATTALA-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message