jcl, I agree that the Kansas/Missouri War did not reach the level of a full-war until 1861. Prior to that it was civil unrest. It would not be a "civil war" since it was between two different governments, and not within one state. The Ozark Civil War was in fact, a full scale "civil war". It was fought in Missouri, Arkansas, and part of the Indian Nations. In each place there were strong groups with opposing political views. This was a bona fide "civil war". The "cis-Mississippi War" is usually referred to as "The US Civil War". There are endless alternative names for the War, and continual fighting about whether it qualifies as a "civil war". There were, however, local civil wars in the various states in which it was fought. Arleigh jcl*** wrote: Arleigh: I'm the one who said "war is when force replaces law and reason." Don't know if what you call "The Kansas/Missouri War, the Ozark Civil War, and that war in the Cis-Mississippi" constitutes a full-blown civil war, mainly because the "opposition" wasn't organized well enough to overthrow the whole federal govt. Might qualify as civil unrest or local insurrections, like Shays Rebellion or the Whiskey Rebellion. * * * Arleigh Birchler, MDiv, BSN c/o Helaina Hinson Burton 69 Gray Ghost Lane Benson NC 27504 (919) 934-6323 (Ali Sengaree - Allah'ka cli here chaya) Musick/Porter Fan Club Pleasure, Pain, Power, and Love