I have personally found Frederick Lewis Weis' 7th edition work (see mention below) to have errors of the magnitude stated by Boyer. Not only does Weis propagate errors in that work, he created conflicting information in his 1962 work co-authored by Mrs. Minney Swezy Elmendorf titled "The Ancestry of Governor Thomas Dudley". In this book, not only do dates differ from front to back, but lineage as well. I found corroborating evidence of Weis' inexactitude in the intro to the following book: "Medieval English Ancestors of Certain Americans" by Carl Boyer 3rd. personally published in Santa Clarita, CA 2001. Introduction, page vi, quoted in part: ...."Publishing any material on medieval genealogy is fraught with peril. Many of those who have traced their own lines back far enough to become interested in Medieval genealogy are among the most experienced and scholarly of genealogists (although, on the other hand, quite a few others have simply followed the trash on the web back dozens of generations), and are not likely to have infinite patience with any effort to go into print by someone who might include some errors. Yet the errors are simply unavoidable. The highly popular [start italics] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists [end italics], now in its seventh edition, which followed forty-two years later, is the product of much research and debate on the part of many scholars. Yet it is riddled with errors and typos which become obvious when anyone checks through the various lines for all mentions of one person." .... My observation: As a result, it will not do to just check the information in Royalty.Ged against Weis, but when a conflict is found, one should refer to at least a third source in an attempt to resolve the difference. (This of course would apply in any case, regardless of the sources you are using.) 'Gene Hubbard