Fran, Your example of two gggggg-gf's being brothers could mean the son of one married the daughter of the other (i.e., first cousins married)...or it could mean that later descendants married, i.e., second, third, fourth...cousins. I've found a number of each case. For example, my grandfather's sister married her first cousin, the son of her mother's sister. This marriage occurred around 1895. They lived a happy married life for approximately 60 years and died of old age. They had no children. Another example. A cousin of my mother married the daughter of his father's second wife. It was her second marriage, his fourth marriage. They had been childhood sweethearts but were forbidden to marry. She married and had nine sons; he married three times and had several children. They eventually got back together and had a wonderful few years before he suddenly died of a heart attack. It's all part of our wonderful diversity. But it does arouse the pucker factor in some people! John R.