I refer listees to the following section of the following URL. It refers to Wales but the terminology has been more broadly used. The URL is a site commonly used by genealogists: The URL is: http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/search/RG/guide/Wales11.asp • Free emigrants. Beginning in the 1630s, emigrants left Wales to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later, free emigrants sought opportunity in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in Wales. • Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. After 1840 New Zealand and Australia offered money or land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigration. • Transported prisoners. More than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies before 1870. Before 1775 over 50,000 prisoners were sent to America, primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869 over 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia. Q.E.D. - Bye from Bill Howard On Apr 22, 2007, at 10:28 AM, Peter T. Thompson wrote: > Hi list. > I don't think this distinction between immigrated and > transported is correct (see below). I think immigrate refers to > those who paid their own passage to come as opposed to those whose > passage was paid for by someone else, either willingly or otherwise. > The Conditions for Land Grants under Baltimore's government has a > rich history. (For a quick summary see "The Flowering of the Maryland > Palatinate" by Harry Wright Newman, starting at page 61. > (Incidentally in the next chapter he reviews "Hundreds".)) In the > early days of Maryland many, actually most, came as transportees and > had to work off their indentures under carefully defined contracts. > These people hadn't done anything wrong--they just agreed to work off > the cost of their passage. Under English inheritance laws generally > only the oldest son inherited the family lands. Younger sons who had > no means of support often indentured themselves to come to Maryland. > After they had "paid" for their service they were awarded land under > the"Conditions" terms. Very few transportees came to Maryland > against their will. After the Restoration many who had fought > against the Crown or were convicted of rebellion against the Crown > (Jacobites for example) or were otherwise "convicted" were forcibly > transported to some American colonies and especially to the Caribbean > colonies of England. (Remember Raphael Sabatini's "Captain Blood"?). > But my impression is that very few immigrants to Maryland were forced > to come. > Cheers, Pete >

For early Maryland, you had two kinds of people. Immigrants, classified as such because they paid their own transportation. Transported didn't mean they were prisoners, it meant their transportation was paid by someone else. They came as indentured servants under contract for a certain number of years with the person who paid their fare. Linda Reno ----- Original Message ----- From: "Bill Howard" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Sunday, April 22, 2007 11:10 AM Subject: [MDCHARLE] Immigrants vs Transportees I refer listees to the following section of the following URL. It refers to Wales but the terminology has been more broadly used. The URL is a site commonly used by genealogists: The URL is: http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/search/RG/guide/Wales11.asp • Free emigrants. Beginning in the 1630s, emigrants left Wales to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later, free emigrants sought opportunity in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in Wales. • Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. After 1840 New Zealand and Australia offered money or land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigration. • Transported prisoners. More than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies before 1870. Before 1775 over 50,000 prisoners were sent to America, primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869 over 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia. Q.E.D. - Bye from Bill Howard On Apr 22, 2007, at 10:28 AM, Peter T. Thompson wrote: > Hi list. > I don't think this distinction between immigrated and > transported is correct (see below). I think immigrate refers to > those who paid their own passage to come as opposed to those whose > passage was paid for by someone else, either willingly or otherwise. > The Conditions for Land Grants under Baltimore's government has a > rich history. (For a quick summary see "The Flowering of the Maryland > Palatinate" by Harry Wright Newman, starting at page 61. > (Incidentally in the next chapter he reviews "Hundreds".)) In the > early days of Maryland many, actually most, came as transportees and > had to work off their indentures under carefully defined contracts. > These people hadn't done anything wrong--they just agreed to work off > the cost of their passage. Under English inheritance laws generally > only the oldest son inherited the family lands. Younger sons who had > no means of support often indentured themselves to come to Maryland. > After they had "paid" for their service they were awarded land under > the"Conditions" terms. Very few transportees came to Maryland > against their will. After the Restoration many who had fought > against the Crown or were convicted of rebellion against the Crown > (Jacobites for example) or were otherwise "convicted" were forcibly > transported to some American colonies and especially to the Caribbean > colonies of England. (Remember Raphael Sabatini's "Captain Blood"?). > But my impression is that very few immigrants to Maryland were forced > to come. > Cheers, Pete > ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

>From the book: III. USING THE INDEX As has been previously indicated, this is a selective index. It refers to the names of persons who came into Maryland with the intent of settling there, whether they furnished their own transportation or whether someone else provided it. There are a few instances, however, where the person indexed claimed the right to take up land by virtue of the fact that he had furnished the transportation of others to the Colony, but apparently did not intend to stay himself. Liber and folio, of course, are the Latin words for book and page. Certain words that recur frequently in the "Remarks" column have a special meaning as used in this index. "Immigrated," means the individual furnished his own transportation to Maryland, while "transported" means that someone other than the person indexed paid for his passage. Quite often a person "transported" is also described as a "servant," which means that he had contracted to repay the cost of his transportation by agreeing to act as a servant for a period of years. Under certain of the Conditions of Plantation, a servant was entitled to claim fifty acres of land upon completing his period of servitude satisfactorily. Such claims are indicated by the word "service. " Gust Skordas Assistant Archivist State of Maryland Annapolis, Maryland February, 1968 John S Wilkinson Rome, NY -----Original Message----- From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Bill Howard Sent: Sunday, April 22, 2007 11:11 AM To: [email protected] Subject: [MDCHARLE] Immigrants vs Transportees I refer listees to the following section of the following URL. It refers to Wales but the terminology has been more broadly used. The URL is a site commonly used by genealogists: The URL is: http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/search/RG/guide/Wales11.asp . Free emigrants. Beginning in the 1630s, emigrants left Wales to promote trade or set up military outposts and way stations for merchant ships. Later, free emigrants sought opportunity in a new land or fled poverty or oppression in Wales. . Assisted emigrants. From 1815 to 1900, qualified emigrants received passage money or land grants in the destination country as an alternative to receiving poor relief. After 1840 New Zealand and Australia offered money or land grants to skilled workers to encourage immigration. . Transported prisoners. More than 200,000 criminals were conditionally pardoned, exiled, and transported to penal colonies before 1870. Before 1775 over 50,000 prisoners were sent to America, primarily to Virginia and Maryland. From 1788 to 1869 over 160,000 prisoners were sent to Australia. Q.E.D. - Bye from Bill Howard On Apr 22, 2007, at 10:28 AM, Peter T. Thompson wrote: > Hi list. > I don't think this distinction between immigrated and transported is > correct (see below). I think immigrate refers to those who paid their > own passage to come as opposed to those whose passage was paid for by > someone else, either willingly or otherwise. > The Conditions for Land Grants under Baltimore's government has a rich > history. (For a quick summary see "The Flowering of the Maryland > Palatinate" by Harry Wright Newman, starting at page 61. > (Incidentally in the next chapter he reviews "Hundreds".)) In the > early days of Maryland many, actually most, came as transportees and > had to work off their indentures under carefully defined contracts. > These people hadn't done anything wrong--they just agreed to work off > the cost of their passage. Under English inheritance laws generally > only the oldest son inherited the family lands. Younger sons who had > no means of support often indentured themselves to come to Maryland. > After they had "paid" for their service they were awarded land under > the"Conditions" terms. Very few transportees came to Maryland against > their will. After the Restoration many who had fought against the > Crown or were convicted of rebellion against the Crown (Jacobites for > example) or were otherwise "convicted" were forcibly transported to > some American colonies and especially to the Caribbean colonies of > England. (Remember Raphael Sabatini's "Captain Blood"?). > But my impression is that very few immigrants to Maryland were forced > to come. > Cheers, Pete > ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message