Hi I'm new to the list and have reason to believe that my ancestors may have come from Ireland (perhaps Co. Mayo or Cork). My ggggfather was Joseph MULLINS (deceased) so named on his son's marriage certificate in 1875. His son was George MULLINS, age given on marriage certificate as 34 years in 1875. The marriage took place in Sheffield, UK. To date I haven't found a death for either of the above, nor a birth for George. I'm not sure of Irish Traditions as far as names are concerned, I have thought - due to my inability to find Joseph - that perhaps he had a different christian name but was commonly known as Joseph. I also don't know what happened during 1800s when residents of Ireland emigrated - did many come to England - could Joseph perhaps have brought his family over here or maybe George came here on his own. Any help or advice would be very much appreciated, if not on the MULLINS front, then on the events in Ireland during the periods upto 1875. Thanks very much Tracy (nee MULLINS) UK ----- Original Message ----- From: <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Saturday, October 06, 2001 12:18 AM Subject: Re: subscribe > You have added to the subscriber list of: > > [email protected] > > the following mail address: > > [email protected] > > By default, copies of your own submissions will be returned. > > Welcome to the MAYO mailing list! You are currently subscribed in > "mail mode", which means that you will receive every posting made > to MAYO as a separate e-mail. The directions on how to change to > digest mode are given below. > > 1. How to unsubscribe. Send a message to > > [email protected] > > that contains (in the body of the message) the command > > unsubscribe > > and no additional text. > > 2. How to subscribe. Whatever you just did worked, or you'd > not be getting this message. But for future reference (for instance, > if your subscription is cancelled for whatever reason and you > want to resubscribe), just send the command "subscribe" to > [email protected] > > 3. How to change to digest mode (several postings are combined and > sent to you together as a single large message). There are two > steps. First, send the command "unsubscribe" to > [email protected] to discontinue mail mode. Second, > send the command "subscribe" to [email protected] > to start receiving digests. > > 4. How to change to NOMAIL mode. There is no formal NOMAIL mode. > All you have to do is follow the directions above and unsubscribe > when you want the messages to stop, and then when you want them > to start again, simply subscribe again. > > 5. If you'd like to post a message so everyone on the mailing > list receives it, just send it to [email protected] It > will then be sent on to everyone in both mail and digest mode. > You don't need to send it explicitly to both. > > For your verification, a transcript of the original subscription > request is included below. > -- > > >From [email protected] Fri Oct 5 17:18:11 2001 > >Received: from newmail.rootsweb.com ([192.168.1.103]) > > by lists2.rootsweb.com (8.10.1/8.10.1) with ESMTP id f95NIBM08800 > > for <[email protected]>; Fri, 5 Oct 2001 17:18:11 -0600 > >Received: from mail6.svr.pol.co.uk (mail6.svr.pol.co.uk [195.92.193.212]) > > by newmail.rootsweb.com (8.11.1/8.11.1) with ESMTP id f95NIAe26059 > > for <[email protected]>; Fri, 5 Oct 2001 17:18:10 -0600 > >Received: from modem-1600.lion.dialup.pol.co.uk ([217.135.166.64] helo=pbncomputer) > > by mail6.svr.pol.co.uk with smtp (Exim 3.13 #0) > > id 15peDx-0000HP-00 > > for [email protected]; Sat, 06 Oct 2001 00:17:45 +0100 > >Message-ID: <[email protected]> > >From: "tlh" <[email protected]> > >To: <[email protected]> > >Subject: subscribe > >Date: Sat, 6 Oct 2001 00:26:47 +0100 > >MIME-Version: 1.0 > >Content-Type: text/plain; > > charset="iso-8859-1" > >X-Priority: 3 > >X-MSMail-Priority: Normal > >X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 5.00.2615.200 > >X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V5.00.2615.200 > > > > > >subscribe > > >

Tracy (Mullins) asked whether many Irish emigrated to UK during 1800's. Hundreds of thousands of Irish people emigrated from Ireland to England every year and are recorded at every census during 1800's. Thousands more worked seasonally for a few months at a time, sometimes every year, sometimes for a couple of years before setting themselves up back home, or moving on to US or Australia, so were probably unrecorded as they had not arrived by the early Springtime census dates. The population in Ireland doubled from 4 to 8 million between 1781 and 1841, and then halved again in 1851 to its previous levels due to emigration and famine. From 1801, long before the famine years, there was continuous emigration to England Wales and Scotland (also US where in 1870, they accounted for one third of the "foreign-born" population). They formed a significant portion of the "navvies" who constructed the UK canals and railways in 1800 's. With rapid industrialisation, many flocked to the textiles mills in the north west and to the new mining areas in the north east. During 1860's or so, many arrived as strike breakers during the early strikes at formation of the union movement. This was also a time of major expansion of housing in the towns and cities requiring skilled and unskilled labour. In 1841 census returns for England and Wales listed 289,404 Irish born residents, for Scotland 126,321. In 1851, 22% of Liverpool population had been born in Ireland, 13% in Manchester, 7.9% of the whole of Scotland - where 1000 emigrants were arriving every week in Glasgow in 1848 with some Scots cities having an Irish population of 18%. In 1861 census the Irish born residents in Eng and W 601,634. By 1900, the figure was nearer 1 million, as there was another peak in emigration in late 1800's. Between WW1 and WW2, the numbers emigrating to UK decreased - the Depression and high unemployment in UK made emigration less attractive. In 1969, it was estimated that there were 750,000 residents in England who had been born in the Irish Republic only, plus many thousands more from N. Ireland. This new wave centred on London, Bristol and Birmingham rather than the depressed areas of Liverpool or Glasgow. The above figures do not include any children born in Eng W and S of Irish parents, nor, of course, those who managed to avoid being counted. Mary G