Greetings! A milestone occurred today in Mayflower Fuller DNA studies - - results were posted for another paper-trailed descendant of Dr. Samuel Fuller, who shares the value of '12' on DYS 393. This line is through Dr. Samuel's grandson, Isaac, while the other participant is through grandson, John. This means that DYS 393 mutated in either Dr. Samuel's Y-chromosome, or in his son's, which can be triangulated to have occurred circa 1580 - 1629. The significance in this is that it was not a random occurrence affecting just one line in more recent times, but rather, ALL male Fuller surnamed descendants of Dr. Samuel Fuller should carry a '12' at DYS 393. (Granted that another recent mutation doesn't occur on that same allele). Dr. Samuel's brother, Edward, (also a Mayflower passenger) has a '13' at DYS 393 as well as the other descendants of their early colonial Fuller cousins. http://www.ourfamilyorigins.com/mayflowerfullersdnaproject.htm Best regards, Katherine Hope Borges Fuller DNA Project Administrator