APPENDIX [ ]8. of ye Etymologyes of ye ancient Saxon names:— Sutch as are properly saxon . are meerly of ye Teutonic townge . & no greek . latin hebre nor french — of old most Saxon words were monosillables . & ye proper names were most of composed words . purposely to expresse some precept remembrance or encoragment for ye gettinge of some virtue . or noblnes which they wished their child should affect . or somthinge incident at ye birth . or at ye place.— Adelstan . Eadelstan . Athelstan . in wch ye d and th are indifferently vsed . adel . eadel . and athel i.e. noble . gentle stan is ye termination of ye superlatiue degree . wch since we vary into est . as noblest . wisest . for most noble . most wise this name was peculiar to princes and peers. Adelgund . or Aldegund . Edelgund i.e. fauor bearinge to nobilitie it was a womans name. Adelulph . Adulph i.e. noble help . Ethelwulph is false termed for Adelulph. Albert . for Eathelbert i.e. nobly conceyted. Alcuine . it showld be Alcwine . anciently Ealcwine . ye latins vsinge no w say Alcuine . Ealc i.e. of each . wine i.e. beloued . so Alcwine i.e. beloued by all . Alcuine disciple to venerable Bede preceptor to emperor Charles ye great was first beginer of ye vniuersity of Paris. Aldread a name first giuen to princes & nobles i.e. dread of all. Alfred or Alured . u and f vsed one for other oft i.e. all peace. Alfric . corrupted from Alfred . yet some say it showld be Vlphric . whereof se in v. Allin . or Allen . is come from alwine i.e. beloued of all. Arnold see Ernhold. Baldwin i.e. soon ouercominge . for bald i.e. bold . swift . and win i.e. to get . to winne . to overcome, for wine is beloued but win is to overcome. Baldread i.e. bold counsel . for read is counsel . aduise . redres speech remedy . Chaucer saith . read well thy self yt others well canst read . we say read me this ridle . read on a book . resolut in counsell and vtterance. Bede i.e. praier . from Bede comes bid . to pray — bid or rather bod . to commaund. Barnard . of Bearnhart i.e. bears hart . as tho they would haue their children vse sutch property as ye beare hath . vzt corage. Bartulph . anciently Beriht-ulph i.e. an helper vnto aduisment — som write Barthol . other Bardolph. Birtryc or birthryc i.e. rych and borne to welth. Burchard rightlier burh-gard ye name of an office in ye last chapter see. Botulph bote or boote is satisfaction or amends — vlph is help . id est an help to boot. Charles at first Gar-edel . by ablareuiation Careal i.e. all noble — we say drink gar aus i.e. drink all owt. Conread Con i.e. stout valiant . read i.e. counsel . remedy . so its resolut in aduise or forward in redresse. Cunigund . a womans name i.e. ye [fa]uor of ye kinge . Cyning . gund i.e. fauor . hence we will cunne him [th]anks . a name of a princes dawghter. Cuthbert . Cuth [i.e.] knowne . acquainted . familiar . beright abbreuiated to bert . [ ]erighted . well aduised right conceyted . setled in ye right of [ ]ht knowlege . so Cuthbert is familiar vnto vnderstanding [acqu]ainted with knowlege. Cuthread i.e. acquainted wt counsell . or aduise. Cynehelme . for Cyning-helme i.e. kings crowned helmet . its now said Kenelme. Dewght i.e. vertue . dowghty . it dowes not . yt is it hath lost its virtue. Dewght-ric i.e. rich in vertue . now vulgarly in netherlands writt Dieric . and in latin made Theodorus & Theodoricus. Dunstane i.e. ye hill of stone for dun is hill . and stane is stone . in sense Peter. Eanswyd i.e. once sacred . for eans is once . and wyd sacred. Earmenfryd i.e. ye peace of ye poor . for earm is poore . & frid peace . poore is from french word paure . fetcht from latin pauper. Earmengard i.e. a warder or protector of ye poore . for gard is ward . protection. Earmenheld . or rightly . Earmenhelt i.e. an vndertaker or champion for ye poore. Edgar anciently Eadgard . or Eathgard i.e. keeper of his oth . or couenant . eath is oth. Edmund i.e. a mouth keepinge oth . for mund is mouth. Edward or Eadward i.e. a keeper of his oth & loyalty & promisse . warders & garders are all one . in portugall they haue made it Duarte. Ed-wine i.e. oth to be beloued . or esteemed of ye party so caled. Egbert anciently Eahberiht . eah or eg . is equity . law . beriht is aduised i.e. æquall aduise . or advised to equity or lawe. Egfrid i.e. peace according to æquitie or lawe. Engel i.e. angel . bert i.e. advise hence Engelbert i.e. angelicall aduise. Eric i.e. rich of honor . ear is honor . ryc . rich. Earconwald i.e. a stout susteiner of honor. Earnulph i.e. defence of honor. Earnold i.e. an vpholder of honor . it is now writt Arnold. Ethelbald i.e. noble stout . or noble and valiant. Ethelbert i.e. of noble conceyt, hence Ealbert & Albert. Ethelbild . for Ethel-bilid i.e. image of nobility for bilid . is image. Ethelburg i.e. a noble fortresse . for burg is a fortified place . a womans name. Ethelfrid i.e. noble peace . it may be some peace at yt childs birth was concluded. Ethelgund i.e. fauor to nobility . for gund is fauor . its a womans name its now Adelgund . & Aldegund . varied. Ethelulph i.e. noble help for vlph is help . corruptly writt Ethelwulph i.e. noble wolf . its writt adelulph . and abbreuiat Adulph. Ethelwald . rightly Ethelweald i.e. an vpholder of honor. Ethelwin i.e. a winner of his nobility. Euerard . & Eberard . for Euerhart i.e. to haue an hart of a wild bore . yt ye chyld might imitat ye corage. faramund i.e. faire mouth . of ye faire & gratious speech. filebert i.e. full well advised . for fill is full . its writt philebert also. franc . now varied to francis i.e. franc & free. fredegode i.e. good peace . for frede is peace . & gode . good. fredegund i.e. a fauorer of peace. frederyc i.e. ritch in peace . of frede and ryc. fredeswyde i.e. sacred peace . or by peace . wyed is peace. Garard rightly gar-hart i.e. all hart for gar is all . ye latins say Gerardus ye Italians Gerardino & Geraldino. Garman . now German i.e. all man. Gartrude i.e. all truth . a womans name. Gilbert . or Gilberight i.e. liberaly disposed . for gild is free . and liberall . beriht is aduise counsell conceyt . disposition etc. Godefrid . it is all one in sense with fredegode . now said Godfrey . and then [ ] to Geoffrey . and then Jeffrey. Godehart i.e. a good hart . hence Godard. Godelief i.e. good loue . bonest and [ ] loue . Latins say Goduliua and Go[ ]. Goderic i.e. rich in goodnes. Godewin i.e. a winner or gayner of good. Godscalk i.e. ye seruant of god . for scalk is seruant. Goswine or gods wine i.e. ye beloued of god . in netherlands writt Goson. Harman i.e. a mant [sic] of hart or corage. Heldebrand i.e. a valiant champion wastinge ye enimyes country wt fire . for held or haelt is stout . and brand is a fire stick . in Italian Aldobrando. Henry or Henryc i.e. an hauer or possesor of welth . for hen or han is haue and ryc is riches, iurisdiction . possessions . yet some say han you any etc. Herald i.e. ye champion of ye army for here abriged her is an army and healt a champion. Herbert i.e. well aduised in ye state of an armie . for here is army . and beriht is aduised. Hereward i.e. ye keeper of ye arrny. Hewald or Ewald i.e. an vpholder of equitie. Helperic or Hilperic i.e. a rich helper or assister . ye french say Chilperic for Cyning hilperic . & so they say Clothare for Cyning Lothaire . yt is king hilperic . & lothaire . and sinc putting ye C togither . haue said Chilperic & Clothare . vlph & hilp are help. Holdward i.e. ye keeper of a castle . fort or hold of warre. Hugh anciently writt Heughe . in latin Hugo . in netherlands they say Heughtyd meaninge a festiual season wch signifieth glad tyde . Hugh and Heughe both beinge one signifieth ioy or gladnes . it may be hoctyde came corruptly from Heughtyde. Hughbert . Hubert . Hubberd i.e. disposed to ioy or gladness. Humfrey . rightlier Humfrid and Homefrid i.e. home peace . howshold quietnes . for Home breefly hum . is home. ye names of K are vnder C. Lambhart i.e. ye hart of a lamb . its writ Lambert and Lambard. [La]nfranc i.e. free in ye land . of land and [fra]nc . as a free denizen. [La]ndulph i.e. ye help of ye countrey. [Lau]ther or Lothaire i.e. pure . clean. Leofhold i.e. an holder of loue . for leof is loue ye same as wine . its writt Leopold ye name of ye duke of Austria . yt took our lion harted king Richard. Leofestan i.e. ye most beloued . for stan is ye note of superlatiue degree. Leonhart now writt Leonard i.e. lions hart . as bearnhart and euerhart . beare and bore-heart — and vndowbtedly herof was first inuented and browght in bearing of ye images of beasts in sheelds of arms . yt are most feerce and warlike. Ludfrid i.e. ye peace of ye people . for lud luyd, leod is folke or people. Ludgard i.e. a defender of ye people. Ludulph i.e. ye help of ye people. Ludwyc . i.e. ye refuge of ye people . for lud is people and wyc is retreat or place of refuge . in latin Lodouicus french say Louis . we say Lewis. Manhart i.e. hart of man . varied Manard & Maniard. Mathild . anciently meadhealt i.e. a maiden champion . we say Maud . of old men and women both did manage arms. Maedhart . rightly maidenhart . of modest maidenly minde. Milburg rightly mild-burg i.e. bountiful to ye towne . of myld i.e. gratious bountifull & burg a waled town. Mild-read i.e. gratious in speech. Oncumber i.e. vncumbred . without cumber . yt yt child showld liue without comber & troble. Osmulld i.e. ye mouth of ye howse . of os . or hus i.e. hows . & mund i.e. mouth . one yt speaks for his family. Oswald i.e. a menager of busines of ye howse . for weald is to menage . & os . an howse. Oswine i.e. beloued of his howse . or family. Radegund i.e. a fauorer of counsel . for rade & read signify counsel. Raderyc i.e. rich in counsel . in spaine its Rodrigo . in Latin Rodericus. Radulphe . writt now Raphe i.e. help in counsel . for vlph is help. Reymund writt Raymund rightly Reyn-mund i.e. pure mouth . for Reyn & Lauther both are cleane . pure. Reynfrid i.e. pure peace. Reynhart i.e. a cleane or pure hart, now Reynard. Reynald writt Reynold . rightly Reynhealt i.e. a clean champion . vnblemished in blood. Reynulph i.e. pure help . now Randulph & Randal. Rychard for Rich-hart i.e. a liberall or rich hart. In Germany Reychhart in netherlands Ricart or Ricard . in Italian & Spanish Ricardo . in latin Richardus. Robert . anciently Rouberiht . Rou pronounced as Ro . is rest . beright disposed . or aduised . yt is disposed to rest or quietnes. Roger . at first Rugard or Rougard then Rugar . afterward Roger i.e. a keeper of rest. In Italian Ruggiero . in french Rogier i.e. a proverb in french . Roger bon temps i.e. Roger good tyme . for ye good time is the time of rest. Rosamund i.e. rosemouth . one of ye name was concubine to king Henry 2 whose epitaph by ignorance was made thus . 'hic iacet in tumba, rosa mudi [sic] non rosa munda non redolet sed olet, quæ redolere solet.' Rowland i.e. ye rest of ye countrie . rightly Rou or Ro-land . in Italian Orlando. Roward . rightly Rou or Ro-ward i.e. conserver of peace . ye same ye Roger. Sigebald or Sighebald i.e. bold or swift in victory . for Sige is victory & bald is bold . some write Sibald & Sebald. Sigebert or Sigesbert . & abbreuiat . Sibright . Sebright & Sebert . i.e. rightly aduised for victory. Sigher . vulgarly Segher . Seager . i.e. a vanquisher . a victor. Sigerina . & Sigherina . & Segarina . & Segherina i.e. a woman victor. Sigesmund or Sighesmund i.e. the mouth of victorie. Sighward i.e. a conserver of victory . writt Siward. Theobald anciently Thewhtbald . & dewghtbald i.e. speedy or bold in virtue . for dewght & Thewht i.e. virtue. Thewht ryc . see Dewght ryc i.e. rich in virtue. Vlpher i.e. an helper. Vlphfrid i.e. aydfull to peace. Vlphryc i.e. help rich . breefly Vlric . in latin Udalricus. Vlphstan i.e. most helpfull . writt commonly Wulstan. Walburge i.e. ye fence or wall of cities . ye safegard of ye citie . ye name of a woman. Walther or Walter i.e. forrester walt or wald all one . for forrest. Werburge . rightly Weardburge. i.e. ye keeper of ye burg or towne . it is a womans name. Wilebrord or rather wiberord i.e. an actiue will or mynd . for berord is stirred or moued . Willebrord an englishman was first bishop of Vtreght he is caled ye apostle of Zealand . he first preched ghospel there . by Pope Sergius his name was altered into Clement. Wilfrid i.e. a will enclined to peace. William i.e. gild helm . at first a name of dignity . for ye ancient Germans fightinge wt ye strong armed Romans were meanly armed wt swords spears sheilds of wood . & if a german soldier had killed a roman captain in ye field whose helmets vsed to be gilded . then ye helmet was set on ye head of sutch german soldior . and was honored wt ye title of gild helme & since then vsed for a proper name. The franks say Guldhelme . the french Guilheaume . & since to Guillaume . the latins Guilielmus. Winfrid i.e. an obteiner of concord or a win-peace . Winfrid an englishman was by means of Charles ye great to Gregorie second . made archbishop of Magunce & named by him Boniface . he is counted ye apostle of Germany for conuerting many to ye faith. At Doccum in friesland is reserued to this day a book of ye 4 euangelists writt wt his owne hand. Winnefride or Winnefrida i.e. a w[in]ner or gainer of peace a wo[mans] name. Witekind i.e. whyte chyld . gi[uen] in respect of bewty. Wulfang or wolfeng i.e. cat[ch] wolf . for fang is to take [* The first letter here seems to be w; it has been covered over in the binding. ] somtime wolfege & Wolfey. Wye-gard for easy sound wycard . was ye name of an office: for wye is a place of retreat . gard is keeper i.e. ye keeper of ye place of retreat or refuge. In Germany now ye say Gwichard . and Guichard . & beioynd ye Alps in Italy it is made Guicciardino. Widmear . or wydmear & wymer i.e. far famous or wyde renowned . for wyd is wyde & broad . & mear is fame. Wyne rightly wine i.e. beloued . for wine hath a louely pleasant tasting licor. And surly owr ancestors in giuinge names did recomend to vs noblnes honor . honesty . valor . peace . aimity . quietnes . charity . truth . loyalty . & all other virtues . disposing them in their names . skilfully . not inferior to the ancient hebrues . who obserued the like . as Noeh . rest . Isaac laughter . Jacob a supplanter . David beloved etc. C9. of English syrnames . & Danes & Norman etc. how to discerne them. first I say . owr Saxons at first cominge named owr old places by names of their owne . then continuinge posterity tooke syrname of ye place where ye dwelled as Robert at ye Green or of or a & at last Robert Green . so came hil . field . brook . bourn . foord great tree.— and tho ye conqueror made ye Saxons lose their possessions . yet did he neuer cause them loose their names . nor his Normans altered their owne names to be caled after ye English . their pride was to great to leave their owne names.— & tho ye french in writinge of Saxon names did adde le i.e. the or de i.e. of yet ye same Saxon names continue . as John le Reue . & William de Newton . i.e. John the Reue yt is sutch an officer . & William of ye town of Newton . the like may be said of sirnames ending in sonne & turned in bad french fitz as Arnoldsonne turned fitzArnold . Waltersonne turned fitzWalter. [Bu]t now I will set downe the [ter]minations of all names that [are] Saxon. [Fir]st all names ending in all . or [ ]ll . as woodhall . Woorall i.e. worthall. secondly sutch as end in Beke . as Beke . Bournbeke . Welbeke . beke is a river issuing from a spring or bourn . a brooke. Thirdly . yt end in berie . or bury . as Thornbury . Bradbury . fourthly . in burg . Burgh . borrow . as Aldborrow . newborrow. 5 in Bourne . wet comes of ye old word burna . as Tichbourne . Milbourne Swanbourne of swanns keepinge about waters . milbourne of some mil on a brooke neere ye bourne etc.— lagbourne of ye length . Bradborn of ye bredth etc. ??? 6. in brig . now bridge of old bryeg as burbridge for Burghbridge in ye north they write Briggs. To Be Continued... This covers the Appendix to he end of the section of christian names. Yours Sincerely, Sir Ken Markham, K.C.B., (95). [A Phenomenal Researcher In The Mists Of Time] [Genealogist Extra-Ordinaire]