For those of you who descended from Martin Loy (to America 1741) and have one of the 50 copies of my book, you would already have seen the origin of the Irish Loys. For those of you who haven't read up on the Huguenot migration, I'll cut and paste the excerpt from my copywrited book, which explains it all. HUGUENOTS / PALATINATE EMIGRATION OF 1709 Before beginning with the history of the Huguenots and of the Palatinate Emigration of 1709, I wish to quote a paragraph from "The Trail of the Huguenots" (in Europe, the United States, South Africa and Canada) by G. Elmore Reaman, © 1963 , pp. 68-69. "Why was [one] a Huguenot? Because he was responding to the Zietgeist: He wanted personal salvation which he could not obtain through humanism, though that sharpened his desire for it; nor could it be found in the Roman Catholic Church because of the evils that beset it. Driven then to the Bible, he found peace of mind through direct contact with God." In 1618 the outbreak began of the Thirty Years' War, which involved the Catholics against the Protestants. The War originated in the principality of what is now Germany, but also involved most of Western Europe. The War ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia: Alsace was given to Francea while the Netherlands and Switzerland became independent. The Catholics and Protestants were to be on equal basis. The Huguenots were driven out of France by the persecution following the 1685 revocation by Louis XIV of the Edict of the Nantes. Louis XIV was king from 1643­1715: upon the death of Cardinal Mazarin, the French Prime Minister, he had taken control of the government. The Edict had been proclaimed by Henry IV of France (1553­1610) in 1598 to end a series of Catholic vs. Protestant (Huguenot) wars in France from 1562­1598. It was only a partial freedom for the Huguenots who were allowed to practice their Protestant faith outside some city limits, such as Paris, and with other such "catches". Thus most times the Edict was never really carried out to its extent. In 1681, after persisting persecution, open brutality broke out. In 1685 the Edict of the Nantes was revoked, as King Louis XIV gave the lame excuse that there "were no more Huguenots in France" anyway. In 1689 began the Grand Alliance against France, by England, the Netherlands, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Savoy. It would last eight years, ending 1697. In the Loy history written by Harvey Loy [1-6-1-4-1] he quoted Rupp (pg. 454 appendix No. XI) "German Settlement in North Carolina 1709­1710": "The German colony was from Heidelberg and its vicinity on the Rhein. Those unfortunate people had suffered persecution from time to time because they could not change their religious opinions so as to be in constant agreement with the ruling prince. The elector Palatine, Friedrich IIb embraced the Lutheran faith. Friedrich III became a Calvinist. Ludwig V restored the Lutheran church; his son and successor became a Calvinist. That prince was succeeded in the government by a Catholic family, who oppressed the Protestants. These people had also the misfortune to live between powerful rivals who were often at war. In the year 1622 Count Tilly, the imperial general, took the city of Heidelberg and put five hundred of the inhabitants to the sword. In the year 1634 the city was taken by Louis XIV and many of the inhabitants were killed." Harvey Loy's records also gives the following, no doubt from same source: "In 1738 Governor Thomas of the Province of Pennsylvania said, 'This Province has been for some years the asylum of distressed Protestants of the Palatinate and other parts of Germany, and I believe it may be truthfully said that the present flourishing condition of it is in a great measure owing to the industry of those people.'" The following information was derived from "Early Eighteenth Century Palatinate Emigration," by Knittle, © 1937 and © 1976 (Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., Baltimore, MD) and other minor historical articles: In 1708 many of English Queen Anne's officials were attempting to convey persecuted Palatinates to the new English Colonies in the New World. When Queen Anne's husband Prince George of Denmark died 28 October 1708, she was made sympathetic to the Palatinates' cause. Her late husband had been of German stock himself and had been openly interested in their plight before his death. Queen Anne issued an edict which, in effect, gave free transportation from an island off Rotterdam to England, and from thence to the colonies the British were instituting. These Palatinates consisted generally of "true" Palatinates (from Rheinland Palatinate) and from every other area in Germany, besides French Huguenots (French Protestants) and other refugees of countries near Germany. She ordered a fleet of ships to Rotterdam (Holland) in 1709 which brought about 7,000 refugees to England. Apparently it was up to the refugees to get up the Rhein to Rotterdam. Once in England, about 3,000 were sent to North America, settling in Pennsylvania and North Carolina. A few families decided to remain in England but the majority of those not venturing to the New World settled in Ireland‹like America, the British were trying to colonize it with its subjects. The Palatinates had known great hardships and the past twenty-plus years were even more intense. In 1684 and 1688­89 the Palatinate was laid waste, Heidelberg was in ruins. Those Huguenots escaping France after the 1685 revocation of the Edict of the Nantes (q.v.) were more or less going from the frying pan to the fire. During the war of the Spanish Secession, southwest Germany was terrorized when Marshal Villars crossed the Rhein in May 1707, invading the Palatinate, Würt, Baden, and the Swabian Circle. Four months later, in September, French soldiers retired across the Rhein and taxation was pressed hard upon the people there. If that wasn't bad enough, the winter of 1708­09 brought a vicious winter which cursed the region with a terrible blight. At the beginning of October 1708 cold was intense. It worsened by 1 November when it was said "firewood couldn't burn in the open air." In January 1709 the Germans who traditionally made their "wine and spirits" found their products frozen in solid ice blocks. Birds fell from the sky, frozen to death. All the rivers were so icebound, wagons and people could walk safely across them. The Arctic-like climate continued well into the fourth month. The 6­25 January brought the heaviest frost. Snow kept falling until 6 February. In the aftermath, fruit trees were killed, vines destroyed, and all of the Rheinland livelihood destroyed with it. Much of the livestock also died. Besides this, religious and political persecution arose‹mainly the latter‹which had made many thousands of refugees look to England with hope. The first groups of refugees encountered much of what the remaining groups would experience in the following two years. Before leaving his homeland, the emigrant would secure a letter of recommendation of his character from the local authorities (e.g. mayor). This would help upon his relocation. Passage down the Rhein to Rotterdam took 4 to 6 weeks. It was made up of various delays and inconveniences. Frequently demanded fees and tolls all along the Rhein would slowly drain them of what little income they had brought in their flight. Still, as they made their way along the river on their boats, the Palatinates were beneficiaries of kind, pious countrymen who presented these hungry refugees with food (such as bread, meat, butter and cheese) and money. Sometimes even clothing was offered. Many of these benevolent Germans regarded their benefactors enviously, desiring in their hearts they, too, could be headed out for fortune and a new life in the New World. The journey was slow, and the ever-present fear lurked that perhaps authorities might temporarily detain them regarding some insignificant matter. (This often occurred) Also, there were frequent authority threats of the ship being ordered to turn back to the land from whence they had fled. The emigration turnout was much larger than Queen Anne and her consorts had expected. They attempted to abort any further refugee assistance, leaving many emigrants stranded in Rotterdam and England. In April 1709 there were 900 emigrants in Rotterdam awaiting transport to England, then the New World. The year before, when the refugee assistance edict was ratified, there had been many attempts shortly after to not encourage emigration or to give money or passes to the refugees any longer. So the order was given to Davenant, the English representative to Frankfurt, Germany. But Dayrolle, the English representative at The Hague (The Netherlands) wasn't under this restriction......yet. Dayrolle suggested‹as the English troops were returning home after their fight against the French in that War of the Spanish Succession‹that the emigrants "carpool" with the troops to England. So, after much "red-tape," his idea was accepted. When some of the Palatinates arrived 6 May 1709, Dayrolle was then told that the Elector Palatinate had published an edict forbidding the emigrants to leave Germany. Two boats of Palatinate refugees had been seized on the Rhein and the emigrants imprisoned. Nevertheless, by way of land, Palatinates escaped to Rotterdam, arriving daily. As a result of mass emigration, camps of refugees sprung up all over Rotterdam, consisting of shacks covered with reeds. England again tried preventing more emigration, especially from Rotterdam to London, but little by little thousands more came. Although England was no longer paying for their voyage, some refugees had sufficient funds for their transportation, while some had their fares paid by kind Rotterdam citizens. Of course, no doubt the Rotterdam citizens also had the benefit from giving since less refugee camp shacks would inhabit their city. At any rate, with fare paid to England, the British couldn't forbid entry into their country. Beginning 7 July 1709 many of the refugees that didn't travel on to the New World were sent to Ireland to "strengthen the Protestant cause" there. The County of Limerick was the heaviest settlement for these refugees. Upon arrival each man, woman, and child were allowed eight acres of land at five shillings per acre. Not only that, but the government engaged to pay their rent for 20 years. This was a good deal, especially as these remaining Palatinates were for the most part living in slums. Yet, there seemed no rest for these refugees even in Ireland. For either they or, a few generations later, their descendants soon migrated to America until now scarcely few remain in Ireland to this day. Bibliography on HUGUENOTS / PALATINATE EMIGRATION OF 1709: "Early Eighteenth Century Palatinate Emigration," by Knittle, © 1937 and © 1976 (Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc., Baltimore, MD). "The Trail of the Huguenots" (in Europe, the United States, South Africa and Canada), by G. Elmore Reaman, © 1963, pp. 68-69. "German Settlement in North Carolina 1709­1710," by Rupp, pg. 454 appendix No. XI, as quoted by Harvey Loy in his manuscript. "What People Wore," by Douglas Gorsline, © 1951 and © 1952 (Bonanza Books/Crown Publishers/Viking Press). {This is a book on fashions throughout the ages, with a historical survey table to correspond with each era of fashion} on 4/29/01 3:59 AM, hwhitemc at hwhitemc@email.msn.com wrote: > My question is; Did these LOYS from Ireland consider themselves as Irish > or were they Greman or Swiss living in Ireland? > > In the 1760's and 70's there were large families of LOYS in Austria. > For reasons > not totally clear but partially in 1780's Empress Maria Theresa opened > up lands to the east and in the 1895 to 1815 Napolean made movement a > strong consideration. > > Is it possible that some moved west to Ireland while my Loy's moved east > to Bukovina, Austria--now Romania. My Loys considered themselves as > German. > If anyone can answer this question, there could be a real breakthrough > in the research of the LOY name. > Helen > hwhitemc@msn.com > > > ==== LOY Mailing List ==== > *** Roxanne Munns, ListHostess *** > To unsubscribe, send "UNSUBSCRIBE" to LOY-L-request@rootsweb.com > > > ============================== > Add as many as 10 Good Years To Your Life > If you know how to reduce these risks. > http://www.thirdage.com/health/wecare/hearthealth/index.html >