Hi Marjorie, One of my neigbors, who is African American, is a Showell, descendant from a family who lived in Worcester Co., Md. through the 19th century and early 20th century. I have done a few lookups for her and am very interested to pass on any Showell information that might include her line. Thank so much! Bev W ************** >From Wall Street to Main Street and everywhere in between, stay up-to-date with the latest news. (http://aol.com?ncid=emlcntaolcom00000023)

Marjorie, I think Mary Tingle, the dau of Hugh Tingle & Elizabeth (Powell) Tingle, married Walter Evans of Somerset Co. At the moment, I am away from my home files. But I will check in a few days and let you know what my recs say. Do you think Mary might have become a Cob through a 2nd marriage? I do recall that Hugh & Elizabeth P. Tingle had 8 children, 4 sons and 4 daus. Richard Baer ----- Original Message ----- From: "marjorie adams" <marjea@wildblue.net> To: "LDR" <lower-delmarva-roots@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 6:03 PM Subject: [LDR] Mary of Hugh Tingle > Looking for info on/ researchers of Mary who was listed as daughter Mary > Cob in Hugh Tingle's Somerset will Apr 1723 and just daughter Mary in the > Som will of her mother Elizabeth Powell Tingle in May 1740 which also > named > Mary Cobb Jr. > > > > -- > Marjorie > "Be glad of life because it gives you the chance to love and to work and > to > play and to look up at the stars."~ Henry Van Dyke > *************************************** > QUESTIONS about POSTING GUIDELINES, SUBSCRIBING or UNSUBSCRIBING? > Visit The Lower DelMarVa Roots Mailing List FAQ: > http://www.tyaskin.com/handley/ldrfaq.htm > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > LOWER-DELMARVA-ROOTS-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' > without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > >

Here is some more Vaughan Data from the Nabb Research Center. There is an Index of Indentures & related cases and from Somerset County Judicial Records, 1698-1701, pgs 188-189 are three apprenticeships for William Vaughan's Children. 1698 Vaughan, William age 12 [b. 1686] Apprenticed to William Piper to learn to read by father William Vaughan. Until the age of 21. {Terms of Indenture}- A cow, a calf & a suit of clothes. Pg. 188 Vaughan, Elizabeth age 9 [b. 1689] Apprenticed to Wm Jefferson by her Father William Vaughan. Pg. 188 Vaughan, Leonard age 7 [b. 1691] Apprenticed to learn to be a Cooper Pg. 189 This indicates, Margret Vaughan survived to at least 1691 and that William Vaughan was still living in Somerset Co. Maryland in 1698. The original indentures should reveal a little more [hopefully] than these abstracts. Mike Hilton _________________________________________________________________ Hotmail® goes where you go. On a PC, on the Web, on your phone. http://www.windowslive-hotmail.com/learnmore/versatility.aspx#mobile?ocid=TXT_TAGHM_WL_HM_versatility_121208

Looking for info on/researchers of Mary Showell daughter of Samuel who came into Somerset in 1672 with his wife Mary, son Jonathan and daughter Mary. -- Marjorie "Be glad of life because it gives you the chance to love and to work and to play and to look up at the stars."~ Henry Van Dyke

In Miles "Abstracts of the Wills and Administrations of Accomack Co., Va. 1800-1860" Vol 1, page 26, Inventory of James Ball is the statement: "To Jesse B. Ball & David K. Baker guardian of Levi Ball, for their distributive parts of their father's estate.......". Does this mean that Jesse B. Ball and David K. Baker had the same mother who married twice - a Ball and a Baker? OR - Does it mean that James Ball, Jesse B. Ball and David K. Baker were somehow brothers? Thanks for any suggestions. Clare

Looking for info on/researchers of Rachel Truitt married Unknown listed as daughter Rachel in the Somerset will of John Truitt Apr 1722 which also named Rachel's daughters Rachel and Elizabeth. -- Marjorie "Be glad of life because it gives you the chance to love and to work and to play and to look up at the stars."~ Henry Van Dyke

Looking for info on/ researchers of Mary who was listed as daughter Mary Cob in Hugh Tingle's Somerset will Apr 1723 and just daughter Mary in the Som will of her mother Elizabeth Powell Tingle in May 1740 which also named Mary Cobb Jr. -- Marjorie "Be glad of life because it gives you the chance to love and to work and to play and to look up at the stars."~ Henry Van Dyke

Thank you Mike, I really appreciate the information. Ed mike hilton wrote: >Here is some more Vaughan Data from the Nabb Research Center. > >There is an Index of Indentures & related cases and from Somerset County Judicial Records, 1698-1701, pgs 188-189 are three apprenticeships for William Vaughan's Children. > >1698 > >Vaughan, William age 12 [b. 1686] Apprenticed to William Piper to learn to read by >father William Vaughan. Until the age of 21. >{Terms of Indenture}- A cow, a calf & a suit of clothes. Pg. 188 > >Vaughan, Elizabeth age 9 [b. 1689] Apprenticed to Wm Jefferson by her Father William Vaughan. Pg. 188 > >Vaughan, Leonard age 7 [b. 1691] Apprenticed to learn to be a Cooper Pg. 189 > >This indicates, Margret Vaughan survived to at least 1691 and that William Vaughan was still living in Somerset Co. Maryland in 1698. The original indentures should reveal a little more [hopefully] than these abstracts. > >Mike Hilton > > >

There are Clarkes in Delaware but they claim to be of Narive American Heritage. Jane McComrick> From: patricia7@cinci.rr.com> To: ftdan2@sbcglobal.net; lower-delmarva-roots@rootsweb.com> Date: Wed, 21 Jan 2009 10:42:39 -0500> Subject: Re: [LDR] The Clarke Family of Virginia and Somerset County, Maryland> > Well, I sort of have an opinion...Think water...I have a cluster of Clarks> in Surry Co VA who marry into and travel with Sledge, Cannon, Littleton and> Cox. They move to NC, to SC, to GA to AL. Two of the women I can trace to> Dorchester, MD (Clarke). Six of the men I can trace to Somerset, MD ( No> Clarke) Two other random ladies begin in Accomack and end up on the mainland> side of the Bay ( I. of W. for one). One gentleman goes from I of W, VA to> Surry, VA to Somerset MD to SC. He is missing a few years in between> Somerset and Newberry , SC. He may have sojourned elsewhere for a brief> respite. One unmarried gentleman leaves a boat to a friend. Hello, says> she...a boat? Think watermen. Ole Becky's feller could have floated her off> anywhere on the Bay...in fact, "Maidenhead" might have been her> grandfather's and you have a different name entirely to deal with in> Somerset. Try Surry Co VA and look for Clarks there... If you run into a> Cornelius holler...and I'll come armed with impending data. One further> comment...Dorchester pops up more times than I'd like ( I haven't "done"> Dorchester... Am I spelling that as a Yankee? We keep our "h's". Pat> > > > > Original message:> > Daniel Clarke, was married and patented a tract of land called> "Maidenhead" . He and his wife both evidently, died intestate and> Rebecca Clarke Cox inherited "Maidenhead" which she and Thomas Cox> sold, source" Somerset County Judicial Records. {I would cite the exact> date & an abstract but don't have that file with me!]> > I have looked in the available secondary source material for Northampton Co.> Virginia and Accomack Co. Virginia and have found nothing. Anyone have any> opinions? ...Any ideas or thoughts would be appreciated.> > Thanks, Mike Hilton> _________________________________________________________________> > > > ***************************************> QUESTIONS about POSTING GUIDELINES, SUBSCRIBING or UNSUBSCRIBING?> Visit The Lower DelMarVa Roots Mailing List FAQ:> http://www.tyaskin.com/handley/ldrfaq.htm> -------------------------------> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to LOWER-DELMARVA-ROOTS-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Hi Sylvia, Can you give us a time period? How about the marriage date? Mary Quoting Sylvia Greenhawk <shawk12@comcast.net>: > Need information about Cornelius Daily born Ireland, married to Mary > ( ? Dill > ), born Delaware. They raised their family in Talbot County, MD, > they may have > lived in Cordova, MD. They had six children - Ella, Carrie L., Mary > F., Abby > L., David W., daughter - M. C. Any information appreciated. Sylvia > ***************************************

This was forwarded to me by list member Michelle Burris Kenerly (bluejeans@ec.rr.com), who thought that it would be something helpful for the LDRoots readership. Thank you, Michelle! ----------------------------------- Here's something new for research. Subject: Mini-sode on the 1930 Census New Tricks from Old Dogs: A Mini-sode on the 1930 Census Did you know . . . You can identify ethnic entries in the 1930 census indexed images at Ancestry.com. On the search page, fill in the surname, using the predominant spelling for that name, and the place of residence-state, county, town. Click search. The entries will appear in family format - father, mother, and all the kids in the order they appear in the census. Next, review the spelling variations at the end of the predominant spelling. Watch for the places of birth that match your interest. This will enable you to find related families with spelling alternatives. Then review the places of birth for families from different places of residence. These entries will lead you to related families in other parts of the country. Families you have interviewed often know they have relatives in other towns and other states - they just can't remember who. You can find them by matching places of birth. Try this genealogy research strategy also for locating kinship networks prior to making searches in foreign countries of origin. The kin that surround your ancestor in America are often the same kin that surround your ancestor in his place of origin. Your favorite genealogist, Arlene Eakle http://www.arleneeakle.com

It sounds to me more as if Jesse and Levi were brothers, and David received the payment on behalf of Levi. If you borrow the microfilm of the original, it may perhaps answer your current question as well as others you may not yet have discovered. Elizabeth **************A Good Credit Score is 700 or Above. See yours in just 2 easy steps! (http://pr.atwola.com/promoclk/100000075x1215855013x1201028747/aol?redir=http://www.freecreditreport.com/pm/default.aspx?sc=668072%26hmpgID=62%26bcd=De cemailfooterNO62)

Hi Mary, I wish I could give you exact dates , but, I can not. However I will share with you what my husband's family could remember along with a few somewhat verifying records I have been able to find - beginning with 1870 census ( plus husbands memory of hearing family conversation ) 1870 Census Record -- Cornelius O'Daily 36 y/o, b. IR, ( According to my husbands father Norman Greenhawk and his Aunt Edith Harrison the name was Cornelius Daily no one seems to know where the " O' " came from unless his middle initial was O. and looking at the actual census record - to me it looks like Cornelius O. Daily ) ( Now this part is conjecture on my part --- Very strong possibility ---1850 Census -- Washington, DC ,-- O. Daily, 16 y/o b.abt 1834, Ireland, living in a boarding house ???? doubt, but maybe -- 1860 Census, Frostburg district ---Cornelius Daily 26 y/o, b. Ireland, wife Mary 28 y/o and they have five children already, that almost fit but ???? doubt it.) !880 Census, Chapel District, Talbot Co, MD - C. Daily, 46 y/o, b.abt 1834 Ireland, wife Mary E. 38 y/o, born Delaware ( our family "thinks" her maiden name was Dill ), six children -- C.L. Daily, daughter 17 y/o, Mary F. Daily 10 y/o, Abby L. Daily 7 y/o, David W. Daily 6 y/o, M.C. Daily daughter 2 y/o. I'm pretty sure this is our Cornelius and Mary because these children names I have heard spoken of in family conversation . 1890 census missing ---- 1900 Census Easton district, Talbot Co. MD, Mary Daly ( note spelling ) 55 y/o widow ( Cornelius must have died between 1880 & 1900 ) Children -- Annie 19 y/o, John 17 y/o, Lizzie 15 y/o, Mary 14 y/o, ( Lemuel Greenhawk married Mary Daily 11 March 1903, by Rev. W.R. Grahm, Tal. Co. marriage records, Easton Court House. This is all I have for Cornelius and Mary at this time. I have shared my research several times with other folks and once they have my information, for what ever their reason, they never contact me again, so please, if this is or is not the family you are looking for please let me know so I can remove you from my research list or hopefully we will be able to help each other with our " Missing Peace ". Missing Peace " is the title our son gave our research prior to his untimely death. I hope this info helps. Sylvia ----- Original Message ----- From: <mydesire@gulftel.com> To: <lower-delmarva-roots@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 10:44 AM Subject: [LDR] Family of Cornelius and Mary Daily > Hi Sylvia, > Can you give us a time period? How about the marriage date? > Mary > > Quoting Sylvia Greenhawk <shawk12@comcast.net>: >> Need information about Cornelius Daily born Ireland, married to Mary >> ( ? Dill >> ), born Delaware. They raised their family in Talbot County, MD, >> they may have >> lived in Cordova, MD. They had six children - Ella, Carrie L., Mary >> F., Abby >> L., David W., daughter - M. C. Any information appreciated. Sylvia >> *************************************** > > > > > *************************************** > QUESTIONS about POSTING GUIDELINES, SUBSCRIBING or UNSUBSCRIBING? > Visit The Lower DelMarVa Roots Mailing List FAQ: > http://www.tyaskin.com/handley/ldrfaq.htm > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > LOWER-DELMARVA-ROOTS-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' > without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

My guess would be that Jesse Ball was of age and his brother Levi was still a minor, and David K. Baker was Levi's guardian (also possibly new husband of the boys' widowed mother). Hard to say for sure though without knowing more about the family. Susan in Missouri -----Original Message----- From: lower-delmarva-roots-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:lower-delmarva-roots-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of clp8@juno.com Sent: Wednesday, January 21, 2009 12:23 PM To: ghote-mail@ghotes.org; lower-delmarva-roots@rootsweb.com Subject: [LDR] I need some clarification please In Miles "Abstracts of the Wills and Administrations of Accomack Co., Va. 1800-1860" Vol 1, page 26, Inventory of James Ball is the statement: "To Jesse B. Ball & David K. Baker guardian of Levi Ball, for their distributive parts of their father's estate.......". Does this mean that Jesse B. Ball and David K. Baker had the same mother who married twice - a Ball and a Baker? OR - Does it mean that James Ball, Jesse B. Ball and David K. Baker were somehow brothers? Thanks for any suggestions. Clare *************************************** QUESTIONS about POSTING GUIDELINES, SUBSCRIBING or UNSUBSCRIBING? Visit The Lower DelMarVa Roots Mailing List FAQ: http://www.tyaskin.com/handley/ldrfaq.htm ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to LOWER-DELMARVA-ROOTS-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

This sounds like a great tip, but I think that there may be a step omitted in your instructions below.  When I follow the instructions as set out below, I don't see the info you said would appear.  Could you pls review your instructions and see if something has been left out?  Thanks. --- On Wed, 1/21/09, Shari Handley <srh@tyaskin.com> wrote: From: Shari Handley <srh@tyaskin.com> Subject: [LDR] Tips/Tricks for using the 1930 census To: lower-delmarva-roots@rootsweb.com Date: Wednesday, January 21, 2009, 2:57 PM This was forwarded to me by list member Michelle Burris Kenerly (bluejeans@ec.rr.com), who thought that it would be something helpful for the LDRoots readership. Thank you, Michelle! ----------------------------------- Here's something new for research. Subject: Mini-sode on the 1930 Census New Tricks from Old Dogs: A Mini-sode on the 1930 Census Did you know . . . You can identify ethnic entries in the 1930 census indexed images at Ancestry.com. On the search page, fill in the surname, using the predominant spelling for that name, and the place of residence-state, county, town. Click search. The entries will appear in family format - father, mother, and all the kids in the order they appear in the census. Next, review the spelling variations at the end of the predominant spelling. Watch for the places of birth that match your interest. This will enable you to find related families with spelling alternatives. Then review the places of birth for families from different places of residence. These entries will lead you to related families in other parts of the country. Families you have interviewed often know they have relatives in other towns and other states - they just can't remember who. You can find them by matching places of birth. Try this genealogy research strategy also for locating kinship networks prior to making searches in foreign countries of origin. The kin that surround your ancestor in America are often the same kin that surround your ancestor in his place of origin. Your favorite genealogist, Arlene Eakle http://www.arleneeakle.com *************************************** QUESTIONS about POSTING GUIDELINES, SUBSCRIBING or UNSUBSCRIBING? Visit The Lower DelMarVa Roots Mailing List FAQ: http://www.tyaskin.com/handley/ldrfaq.htm ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to LOWER-DELMARVA-ROOTS-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Well, I sort of have an opinion...Think water...I have a cluster of Clarks in Surry Co VA who marry into and travel with Sledge, Cannon, Littleton and Cox. They move to NC, to SC, to GA to AL. Two of the women I can trace to Dorchester, MD (Clarke). Six of the men I can trace to Somerset, MD ( No Clarke) Two other random ladies begin in Accomack and end up on the mainland side of the Bay ( I. of W. for one). One gentleman goes from I of W, VA to Surry, VA to Somerset MD to SC. He is missing a few years in between Somerset and Newberry , SC. He may have sojourned elsewhere for a brief respite. One unmarried gentleman leaves a boat to a friend. Hello, says she...a boat? Think watermen. Ole Becky's feller could have floated her off anywhere on the Bay...in fact, "Maidenhead" might have been her grandfather's and you have a different name entirely to deal with in Somerset. Try Surry Co VA and look for Clarks there... If you run into a Cornelius holler...and I'll come armed with impending data. One further comment...Dorchester pops up more times than I'd like ( I haven't "done" Dorchester... Am I spelling that as a Yankee? We keep our "h's". Pat Original message: Daniel Clarke, was married and patented a tract of land called "Maidenhead" . He and his wife both evidently, died intestate and Rebecca Clarke Cox inherited "Maidenhead" which she and Thomas Cox sold, source" Somerset County Judicial Records. {I would cite the exact date & an abstract but don't have that file with me!] I have looked in the available secondary source material for Northampton Co. Virginia and Accomack Co. Virginia and have found nothing. Anyone have any opinions? ...Any ideas or thoughts would be appreciated. Thanks, Mike Hilton _________________________________________________________________

Joe Lake wrote: >>> Several years ago I was in Fauquier Co & (new) Rappahannock Co Va on a research trip. I stopped along the road and spoke with an orchardist (apples) and we got around to land. We were on the close eastern edge of the Blue Ridge and he gestured to the small mountains behind us and said "those hills used to be farmed intensively to the very top, and now look at them" (they were covered with timber, obviously having been allowed to revert to their natural, original state).<<< _________________ Joe, I'm not sure which mountains you were looking at in Rappahannock County, but the area along the Blue Ridge that became Shenandoah National Park had been heavily deforested and used prior to, and up to, establishment of the park in 1935. With the park's creation, the fairly rapid removal and resettlement of families allowed the area to revert to "wilderness" more quickly than otherwise would have been the case, but general economic changes ... hastened by economic depression (and the occurrence of natural tragedies such as the chestnut blight) had much the same kind of effect in many other rural areas during that period of time. It's evidence that, historically, land uses/mixes have been fairly dynamic for a variety of reasons. I imagine that's been so on the Eastern Shore as well. (See www.nps.gov/archive/shen/3b2.htm for an historical overview of Shenandoah National Park's creation.) Incidentally, apple production in more recent times has fallen dramatically in the Shenandoah Valley and along the Blue Ridge in northern Virginia. In Frederick County, Virginia, for example, apple production fell 31% between 1987 and 2002. preserverurallife.net/PRL_Documents/RAS%20AHC%20FNL%20Print.pdf. The decline might reflect a number of pressures on the industry including global apple competition and increasing demand for land for suburban development. Broadly speaking, at least, these types of economic forces don't seem so different from some of the econmic factors that presumably were in play in colonial Delmarva as well. Dave K

Forwarding this for Judy . . . the message got caught in the list filter as html. Please reply directly to Judy regarding this message (frostfreedet@aol.com). -------------------------------- Betty wrote >>Jonathan Milman 1781-1868 . . . married Sally Evans (c 1790-1872) in Sussex County in 1836 ... according to the ancestry.com list of Delaware marriages 1765-1899. (Could not find any other marriages for Jonathan Milman.). . . . So, if Jonathan and Sally were married in 1836, Elizabeth & Robert would be their children...who is the mother of the other children? OR is the date incorrect (maybe 1806)?<< Betty, you have come across one of the major problems with some kinds of databases, especially as rendered by Ancestry.com. The so-called "Delaware Marriages 1765-1899" is a subcontractor's rendition of extracts from the genealogical card file in the Delaware Public Archive in Dover. This card file was compiled from someone's conclusions about marriages as indicated by some wills, deeds, and even some actual Marriage Bonds, as well as the odd item donated to the Archive by more contemporary individuals. The card file entries show what the source document was, but the subcontractor's extract omits every source reference. In most cases the subcontractor did include the date of the source document, most often reduced to simply a year. In many instances the computer conversion added "January 1" where a month and day were not specified, so there are a large number of plausible-looking New Year's Day marriages in this database. Ancestry just recently added images from actual marriage-related records held by the DE Archive. In the 18th and 19th century DE did not require recording of marriages. Many were married by public announcement or publication of banns. Some were married by Marriage License, in which case the groom and the bride's representative would file a Marriage Bond, asserting that there was no impediment to the marriage to be had, with a money penalty if there turned out to be such an impediment (such as pregnancy or prior marriage without divorce or widowhood). The DE Archive's marriage-related records do not have an entry for a marriage between Jonathan and Sally that I could find (as very badly indexed in the Ancestry installation). Therefore I would tentatively conclude that such a marriage was suggested by a will by Sally's mother or father or other relative, or a deed where they sell their share of Sally's parents' estate. It seems likely that the 1836 date would be the year such document was written or recorded. You can only find out by going to the actual card file and looking up whatever reference is given there. The database you looked at is erroneously described by Ancestry - in most instances it is not derived from an actual marriage record - and since we think Ancestry has no reason to *lie*, you drew a logical conclusion. The fault is in the database, the way it was constructed and the way it is described. In the actual marriage-related records, there are entries for a couple of other Marriage Bonds or Marriage Records for a Jonathan Milrnan, the earliest involving a "Jr." in 1839, the next in 1857 and 1862. Warning to all concerning the records-image database ("Delaware Marriages 1744-1912"): a great many of the marriages recorded ca. 1900-1903 are indexed by Ancestry as occurring 1800-1803. In many cases for the same couple there is a Marriage Bond recorded in, say, 1900 and a Marriage Record that Ancestry indexes as occuring 100 years earlier. Ancestry has been notified of this problem. Given their record of making corrections thus far, in my personal experience, it may be years before they fix this (if ever). Good hunting, Judy

If one is looking for a facility which has a book for which one is seeking, try www.worldcat.org.  Although nothing showed for the title "The Marvel Family: The Path to Delaware",  a search for Marvel found "The Hargadines and other Delaware and Maryland families : (includes data on Aron, Broadway, Lowber, Manlove, Marvel, Seward, Sipple)", also by Donald Virdin and a search under Virdin came up with "Some Pioneer Delaware Families". Worldcat is a useful tool as it searches for books (and other materials) nationwide and when one enters one's zipcode, it tells how many miles away each library on the list is from that zip.  If one already has the page number of the book citation, even if the closest library were still too far to visit, one could order the page(s). Of course, worldcat's usefulness depends upon the library entering the data and at least one local facility is lax on entering its holdings, which is a shame.   Becky M

<joslake@sbcglobal.net> wrote: >Several years ago I was in Fauquier Co & (new) Rappahannock Co Va on a research trip. >I stopped along the road and spoke with an orchardist (apples) and we got around to >land.   ___________ Not much alpine farming on Delmarva, but places like Germany's Rhine Valley with endless vineyards running up the slopes of the hills to the crest are spectacular. Some of these have been in use since the second century A.D., when the Romans planted their vines there, I'm told. Joe’s note serves to remind me of another aspect of land use widely encountered in the provincial records: orchards. These are usually seen in two contexts: (a) in resurveys, when the surveyor was required to note improvements to the property for taxation purposes while submitting his survey report, and (b) among the deeds (county land records), when the Commissioners doing assessment of orphans’ properties submitted their findings on the holdings and status of the real estate and the overseer’s management thereof. Along with rundowns of buildings (types, construction materials [like log, frame, brick], dimensions and state of repair) one typically sees amount of cultivated land and the size and condition of orchards. These lists mention the numbers of each type of fruit trees: e.g., apple (the most common), peach, pear, cherry, plum, and quince. There are many, many hundreds of such records, often including dozens or hundreds of fruit trees. My maps present an overall picture of orchards everywhere. They were a keenly important aspect of colonial farms, from the production of food for the table to marketable products, including cider. * Another fascinating reality that comes out of a collective look at the survey records is the forest composition. I may have in my database 20,000 trees used as “witness trees”, the survey bounders. These include mostly hardwood, giving a sense of the range and local density of each species. White oaks and red oaks dominate, but Spanish oak, live oak, hickory, pine, cypress, beech, gum, walnut, chestnut, mulberry, sassafras, cedar and other species are recorded. Those who know the present forest composition see how the ranges of these trees have changed across the centuries. * Ditto for mentions of marsh and swamp, blacksmith shops, saw mills, grist mills, brick kilns, landings, shipyards, etc., etc. All this sort of thing vividly illuminates the ancients’ world as they saw it. John