"Churching" was not a "cleansing" ceremony - it was a thanksgiving service for surviving what was the most dangerous moment in a women's life. malcolm Wagga Wagga ----- Original Message ----- From: "Murlel Sherlock" <muriel.sherlock@iolfree.ie> To: "Anne Peat" <anne.peat@bigwindows.demon.co.uk>; "Mike Fry" <fredbonzo@iafrica.com> Cc: <london@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, July 18, 2011 12:43 AM Subject: Re: [LON] A Private Baptism? > Yes Anne , you are correct. I have a list of mothers who had to be > churched - think it was to cleanse them - wasn't it ? This was in the > Established Church. > But on the subject of Baptism........ I was taken to church to be > baptised > back in the 40's; but my sister and brother were baptised at home. The > Minister > came to our home. My sister was healthy and well, but my brother was a > weakly infant. > > Muriel > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Anne Peat" <anne.peat@bigwindows.demon.co.uk> > To: "Mike Fry" <fredbonzo@iafrica.com> > Cc: <london@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 12:00 PM > Subject: Re: [LON] A Private Baptism? > > >>I thought it was the mother who couldn't go anywhere until she was >>'churched'. So mothers very often weren't at the child's baptism, >>especially since it tended to be done very soon after birth. >> >> Anne >> On 17 Jul 2011, at 11:18, Mike Fry wrote: >> >>> On 2011/07/17 00:32, Murlel Sherlock wrote: >>> >>>> Another reason was, and this was very important back then ; That a >>>> child >>>> could not be taken out until it was baptised, hence PRIVATE BAPTISMS. >>> >>> Not heard that one before. How did the parents get the child to church >>> for a >>> normal baptism, if it couldn't be taken out until it had been baptised? >>> >>> -- >>> Regards, >>> Mike Fry >>> Johannesburg >> >> >> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list >> on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for >> matching interests and add your own ! >> >> Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the >> quotes >> in the subject and the body of the message > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list > on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for > matching interests and add your own ! > > Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes > in the subject and the body of the message > > > > > ======= > Email scanned by PC Tools - No viruses or spyware found. > (Email Guard: 7.0.0.21, Virus/Spyware Database: 6.17930) > http://www.pctools.com/ > ======= ======= Email scanned by PC Tools - No viruses or spyware found. (Email Guard: 7.0.0.21, Virus/Spyware Database: 6.17930) http://www.pctools.com/ =======

Since this discussion has moved away from the original question and from London focused genealogy, please bring the subject to a close. If you need to discuss it more with the writers, please do so off list. Thank you all for your interesting input Regards Lin List Admin London

Hi John My Mother was orphaned in 1910 and placed in Hackney Workhouse. Hackney at that time were sending orphaned children "to the country" as it was healthier. My Mother was raised in an orphanage in High Ongar Essex. A long way from where she was born. So I would check which Workhouse covered the area this child was orphaned. She could have moved back to her birthplace years later. Eve (Canada now) ---------------------------------------- > From: john@barbrook.info > To: LONDON@rootsweb.com > Date: Sun, 17 Jul 2011 23:02:30 +0100 > Subject: [LON] Battersea/Wandsworth area orphan > > Hi Listers > > > > My wife's aunt was orphaned in 1905 aged 4 years when her mother (already a > widow) died in Gwynne Road, Battersea. We found her 20 years later living in > Green Lane, Battersea. Both roads - only yards apart - were very close to > Battersea railway station and to the Thames and Battersea rail bridge. > > > > We know from her family records that she was put into an orphanage in 1905 > (presumably very close by, given the 'before and after' addresses). > > > > Does anyone know where orphanages or other similar Battersea/Wandsworth > institutions were located at that time which might have taken in an infant > of this age and whether records of inmates of such institutions still exist? > We cannot find her in the 1911 census - perhaps because she was recorded > only as initials by the institution as was often the case. > > > > Any suggestion welcomed. > > > > John > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for matching interests and add your own ! > > Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Hi Listers My wife's aunt was orphaned in 1905 aged 4 years when her mother (already a widow) died in Gwynne Road, Battersea. We found her 20 years later living in Green Lane, Battersea. Both roads - only yards apart - were very close to Battersea railway station and to the Thames and Battersea rail bridge. We know from her family records that she was put into an orphanage in 1905 (presumably very close by, given the 'before and after' addresses). Does anyone know where orphanages or other similar Battersea/Wandsworth institutions were located at that time which might have taken in an infant of this age and whether records of inmates of such institutions still exist? We cannot find her in the 1911 census - perhaps because she was recorded only as initials by the institution as was often the case. Any suggestion welcomed. John

Hi John, I like the idea. That's one of the reasons I was trying to find the marriage of Eliza to find her maiden name but I hadn't thought of a illegitimate birth before marriage. However, I have now looked at all the births of Elizabeth Edith ? and nothing matches, all the E. BENSON's and nothing sticks out but there is a birth of an Elizabeth Emma COURT in Q1 1860 which would fit with the age on the census even if not quite the right name. So either that is E.E. COURT or there is another one not on FreeBMD. I seem to be finding more apparently missing records searching for this than I have ever found before. Thanks for the idea. Christine -----Original Message----- From: J. Townsend Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 8:31 PM To: LONDON@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [LON] BENSON mystery If Elizabeth Edith COURT was the daughter of David Thomas COURT (1829) and Eliza (1841), have you considered that this Eliza could have been Eliza BENSON, a daughter of William BENSON? Perhaps Elizabeth Edith was born BENSON, but her mother afterwards married David Thomas COURT, and she became Elizabeth Edith COURT? Stranger things have been known ... Best wishes, John Townsend Antiquarian Bookseller/Genealogist http://www.johntownsend.demon.co.uk ----- Original Message ----- From: "Christine Benson" <christinebenson313@btinternet.com> To: "London Mailing List" <LONDON@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 8:03 PM Subject: [LON] BENSON mystery > Hi All, > > William BENSON was born c 1806 Carlisle, Cumberland and by 1851 he was > living in Marylebone as a stationer's assistant with a wife Elizabeth b c > 1801 Wasing, Berkshire. He died in 1893. His probate is to Elizabeth Edith > WHITE (wife of Charles Ernest WHITE) and the death certificate says E.E. > WHITE Granddaughter was present at the death. > > Tying the two together is the mystery. The censuses show no children born > to > William and Elizabeth and Elizabeth died between the 1861 and 1871 > censuses. > In 1891 William is a boarder in Hammersmith and the next entry on the > census > is Elizabeth E BENSON aged 30 (1861) also a boarder born London City. She > looks like a likely candidate for the granddaughter. (As they are both > boarders no relationship is shown.) > > A lookup of a marriage of Elizabeth E BENSON led me to a marriage of > Elizabeth Eliza BENSON in 1891 to either Frederick John FULLER or William > Job LONG. A lookup for Elizabeth married to one of those in 1901 got no > results and anyway I want a marriage to a WHITE. > > A lookup of a marriage of Charles Ernest WHITE led me to a marriage in > 1893, > Lambeth to an Elizabeth Edith COURT. But E. E. COURT appears to be the > daughter of David Thomas COURT (1829) and Eliza (1841). I cannot find > their > marriage. (There is a marriage to an Elizabeth in 1851 but Eliza would > only > be 10.) > > So I cannot see how Elizabeth E. WHITE got to be William's granddaughter. > > Trying to follow this Elizabeth E BENSON back through the censuses led me > to > a birth of Elizabeth Eliza BENSON, a few years out, but the only likely > looking one and the birth certificate for her says she was born in 1865 in > Lambeth, the daughter of Caroline BENSON, no father given although William > has been written in and crossed out. This Elizabeth in 1871 was living > with > William and Caroline DUCE and she is the niece! That makes no sense, > perhaps > they meant step-daughter. There is a tree on the DUCE family, but not > Elizabeth, and the owner says his BENSON's are all London based. I suspect > this Elizabeth is a red herring. > > I can find a Chas Ernest WHITE in 1901 b Newington 1872 with Elizabeth b > 1862 London City (that sounds promising) living with Stephen and Hannah > White (parents) but trying to follow him back he seems to change his name. > > So at this stage my head is going round in circles. There is nothing above > that leads me to believe a certificate of that event would shed any light > on > the matter. I don't know where to look next. I have got the Will on order > but I doubt it will solve the above. > > If anyone can unknot this mess I would be extremely grateful. > > Christine

If Elizabeth Edith COURT was the daughter of David Thomas COURT (1829) and Eliza (1841), have you considered that this Eliza could have been Eliza BENSON, a daughter of William BENSON? Perhaps Elizabeth Edith was born BENSON, but her mother afterwards married David Thomas COURT, and she became Elizabeth Edith COURT? Stranger things have been known ... Best wishes, John Townsend Antiquarian Bookseller/Genealogist http://www.johntownsend.demon.co.uk ----- Original Message ----- From: "Christine Benson" <christinebenson313@btinternet.com> To: "London Mailing List" <LONDON@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 8:03 PM Subject: [LON] BENSON mystery > Hi All, > > William BENSON was born c 1806 Carlisle, Cumberland and by 1851 he was > living in Marylebone as a stationer's assistant with a wife Elizabeth b c > 1801 Wasing, Berkshire. He died in 1893. His probate is to Elizabeth Edith > WHITE (wife of Charles Ernest WHITE) and the death certificate says E.E. > WHITE Granddaughter was present at the death. > > Tying the two together is the mystery. The censuses show no children born > to > William and Elizabeth and Elizabeth died between the 1861 and 1871 > censuses. > In 1891 William is a boarder in Hammersmith and the next entry on the > census > is Elizabeth E BENSON aged 30 (1861) also a boarder born London City. She > looks like a likely candidate for the granddaughter. (As they are both > boarders no relationship is shown.) > > A lookup of a marriage of Elizabeth E BENSON led me to a marriage of > Elizabeth Eliza BENSON in 1891 to either Frederick John FULLER or William > Job LONG. A lookup for Elizabeth married to one of those in 1901 got no > results and anyway I want a marriage to a WHITE. > > A lookup of a marriage of Charles Ernest WHITE led me to a marriage in > 1893, > Lambeth to an Elizabeth Edith COURT. But E. E. COURT appears to be the > daughter of David Thomas COURT (1829) and Eliza (1841). I cannot find > their > marriage. (There is a marriage to an Elizabeth in 1851 but Eliza would > only > be 10.) > > So I cannot see how Elizabeth E. WHITE got to be William's granddaughter. > > Trying to follow this Elizabeth E BENSON back through the censuses led me > to > a birth of Elizabeth Eliza BENSON, a few years out, but the only likely > looking one and the birth certificate for her says she was born in 1865 in > Lambeth, the daughter of Caroline BENSON, no father given although William > has been written in and crossed out. This Elizabeth in 1871 was living > with > William and Caroline DUCE and she is the niece! That makes no sense, > perhaps > they meant step-daughter. There is a tree on the DUCE family, but not > Elizabeth, and the owner says his BENSON's are all London based. I suspect > this Elizabeth is a red herring. > > I can find a Chas Ernest WHITE in 1901 b Newington 1872 with Elizabeth b > 1862 London City (that sounds promising) living with Stephen and Hannah > White (parents) but trying to follow him back he seems to change his name. > > So at this stage my head is going round in circles. There is nothing above > that leads me to believe a certificate of that event would shed any light > on > the matter. I don't know where to look next. I have got the Will on order > but I doubt it will solve the above. > > If anyone can unknot this mess I would be extremely grateful. > > Christine

Hi All, William BENSON was born c 1806 Carlisle, Cumberland and by 1851 he was living in Marylebone as a stationer's assistant with a wife Elizabeth b c 1801 Wasing, Berkshire. He died in 1893. His probate is to Elizabeth Edith WHITE (wife of Charles Ernest WHITE) and the death certificate says E.E. WHITE Granddaughter was present at the death. Tying the two together is the mystery. The censuses show no children born to William and Elizabeth and Elizabeth died between the 1861 and 1871 censuses. In 1891 William is a boarder in Hammersmith and the next entry on the census is Elizabeth E BENSON aged 30 (1861) also a boarder born London City. She looks like a likely candidate for the granddaughter. (As they are both boarders no relationship is shown.) A lookup of a marriage of Elizabeth E BENSON led me to a marriage of Elizabeth Eliza BENSON in 1891 to either Frederick John FULLER or William Job LONG. A lookup for Elizabeth married to one of those in 1901 got no results and anyway I want a marriage to a WHITE. A lookup of a marriage of Charles Ernest WHITE led me to a marriage in 1893, Lambeth to an Elizabeth Edith COURT. But E. E. COURT appears to be the daughter of David Thomas COURT (1829) and Eliza (1841). I cannot find their marriage. (There is a marriage to an Elizabeth in 1851 but Eliza would only be 10.) So I cannot see how Elizabeth E. WHITE got to be William's granddaughter. Trying to follow this Elizabeth E BENSON back through the censuses led me to a birth of Elizabeth Eliza BENSON, a few years out, but the only likely looking one and the birth certificate for her says she was born in 1865 in Lambeth, the daughter of Caroline BENSON, no father given although William has been written in and crossed out. This Elizabeth in 1871 was living with William and Caroline DUCE and she is the niece! That makes no sense, perhaps they meant step-daughter. There is a tree on the DUCE family, but not Elizabeth, and the owner says his BENSON's are all London based. I suspect this Elizabeth is a red herring. I can find a Chas Ernest WHITE in 1901 b Newington 1872 with Elizabeth b 1862 London City (that sounds promising) living with Stephen and Hannah White (parents) but trying to follow him back he seems to change his name. So at this stage my head is going round in circles. There is nothing above that leads me to believe a certificate of that event would shed any light on the matter. I don't know where to look next. I have got the Will on order but I doubt it will solve the above. If anyone can unknot this mess I would be extremely grateful. Christine

Image sent off list.. Keith ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jocelyn Lloyd" <jelldo@thomasl.com> To: <london@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 5:16 PM Subject: [LON] JANE SANDS MARRIAGE > From free BDM I know that Jane SANDS married Thomas KENNY in the > registration district of Islington in the December quarter > of 1843. Any further information would be most appreciated. The > couple subsequently settled in Australia where Thomas was involved in > the printing industry. > Cheers, > Jocelyn in Sydney. > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list > on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for > matching interests and add your own ! > > Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes > in the subject and the body of the message

My thanks to Keith and Carolyn for their super fast response to my request for information on the marriage of JANE SANDS. Cheers , Jocelyn

Hi Charles Post the name and details Name, birth year, death date if known but not necessary If its not London mail me off list Nivard Ovington in Cornwall (UK) >I just caught the end of a thread regarding wills.I would like to see whether an ancester who died >in West Ham in 1913,left a will.Could SKS advise me how I might find this on line. > Regards,Charles

Hello Joy, ----- Original Message ----- From: "Joy Dean" <jsdean47@aol.com> > Just an addition - I send a letter requesting the will, grant and any other > relevant documents, and send it with the cheque to a probate office other > than London, ie Cardiff. > > Joy Dean Not sure if the above was a statement or a question, but all *postal* applications are dealt with at Leeds...see http://www.justice.gov.uk/guidance/courts-and-tribunals/courts/probate/copies-of-grants-wills.htm and http://hmctscourtfinder.justice.gov.uk/courtfinder/forms/pa1s_0405.pdf for full details. Kind regards, John Henley

I just caught the end of a thread regarding wills.I would like to see whether an ancester who died in West Ham in 1913,left a will.Could SKS advise me how I might find this on line. Regards,Charles

Yes Anne , you are correct. I have a list of mothers who had to be churched - think it was to cleanse them - wasn't it ? This was in the Established Church. But on the subject of Baptism........ I was taken to church to be baptised back in the 40's; but my sister and brother were baptised at home. The Minister came to our home. My sister was healthy and well, but my brother was a weakly infant. Muriel ----- Original Message ----- From: "Anne Peat" <anne.peat@bigwindows.demon.co.uk> To: "Mike Fry" <fredbonzo@iafrica.com> Cc: <london@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 12:00 PM Subject: Re: [LON] A Private Baptism? >I thought it was the mother who couldn't go anywhere until she was >'churched'. So mothers very often weren't at the child's baptism, >especially since it tended to be done very soon after birth. > > Anne > On 17 Jul 2011, at 11:18, Mike Fry wrote: > >> On 2011/07/17 00:32, Murlel Sherlock wrote: >> >>> Another reason was, and this was very important back then ; That a child >>> could not be taken out until it was baptised, hence PRIVATE BAPTISMS. >> >> Not heard that one before. How did the parents get the child to church >> for a >> normal baptism, if it couldn't be taken out until it had been baptised? >> >> -- >> Regards, >> Mike Fry >> Johannesburg > > > ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list > on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for > matching interests and add your own ! > > Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes > in the subject and the body of the message

From free BDM I know that Jane SANDS married Thomas KENNY in the registration district of Islington in the December quarter of 1843. Any further information would be most appreciated. The couple subsequently settled in Australia where Thomas was involved in the printing industry. Cheers, Jocelyn in Sydney.

Just an addition - I send a letter requesting the will, grant and any other relevant documents, and send it with the cheque to a probate office other than London, ie Cardiff. Joy Dean

According to my husband, who is an ordained Minister, you are right Anne :) As this is not strictly London focused, although an interesting discussion, people may be interested to read about this on Wikipedia, although it may not all be correct :) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churching_of_women regards Lin List Admin -----Original Message----- From: london-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:london-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of Anne Peat Sent: 17 July 2011 12:00 To: Mike Fry Cc: london@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [LON] A Private Baptism? I thought it was the mother who couldn't go anywhere until she was 'churched'. So mothers very often weren't at the child's baptism, especially since it tended to be done very soon after birth. Anne On 17 Jul 2011, at 11:18, Mike Fry wrote: > On 2011/07/17 00:32, Murlel Sherlock wrote: > >> Another reason was, and this was very important back then ; That a >> child could not be taken out until it was baptised, hence PRIVATE BAPTISMS. > > Not heard that one before. How did the parents get the child to church > for a normal baptism, if it couldn't be taken out until it had been baptised? > > -- > Regards, > Mike Fry > Johannesburg ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This mailing list works in parallel with the London surname interest list on the web at http://homepages.ihug.co.nz/~hughw/london.html . Check for matching interests and add your own ! Any problems, please contact the List Admin: LONDON-admin@rootsweb.com ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to LONDON-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Hi Christine Just to set your mind at rest, I have never had any problems when ordering post 1858 wills I don't know the specific small print you refer to but suspect its more to deter the "I have a john SMITH who died between 1870 and 1930" type of requests than the type you are putting in The difference with the Cheshire wills database is that it is done locally and would include any post 1858 wills to 1940 Not so long ago there were no online wills databases, records offices are catching on to the idea that online databases not only make information available to far more people (and therefore their wallets too) and also free up their staff to do other things It of course involves some expenditure to put the database online though, and at this time its money they don't really have But gradually things are improving year on year Not long ago there was little in the way of access to census, bmd, probate, newspapers, maps etc etc Just look at us now, verily our cups runneth over <vbg> Nivard Ovington in Cornwall (UK) > Many thanks Nivard, can now fill that out. I was a bit scared by the small print saying that if I > don't get it right they will charge me and send me a letter telling me what I did wrong. I still > prefer the way Cheshire do it, and you don't have to worry about date ranges. > > Thanks again > > Christine

Many thanks Nivard, can now fill that out. I was a bit scared by the small print saying that if I don't get it right they will charge me and send me a letter telling me what I did wrong. I still prefer the way Cheshire do it, and you don't have to worry about date ranges. Thanks again Christine -----Original Message----- From: Nivard Ovington Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2011 9:14 AM To: Christine Benson ; London Mailing List Subject: Re: [LON] Post 1858 wills Hi Christine Actually it couldn't be much simpler really :-) You don't even need the form to be honest This applies to *all* wills from 1858 to date for England & Wales On the form enter surname & forename of the deceased Enter the date of death (if known) OR just the year As you have it, in the address box I would enter :- (From the 1893 probate Calendar) BENSON William of 4 Ellison-road Streatham common Surrey died 26 November 1893 Probate London 29 January to Elizabeth Edith White (wife of Charles Ernest White) Effects £660 (But its not necessary, just the County would suffice when known) Enter your name, address with post code (if used) I would add your email address and telephone number Thats it If all you knew is that XXX died in a given year that would be enough to request a search, the standard charge includes a four year search and copies A letter requesting copies of Will & Grant for XXX (persons name) who died XXXX (if known or approximate if not) Would be all you would need but I would advise checking the probate calendars first if at all possible Should there be no will the fee is non returnable Should it state "Administration was granted to" unless it specifically states "with will" it means the person died intestate and the letters of administration do not normally tell you much more, if anything, than the probate calendar Nivard Ovington in Cornwall (UK) > Hi Nivard, > > Thanks for that. Why do they have to make it so complex? I have ordered > wills from Cheshire and Lancashire before and it is find your will, pay > and it drops through the letter box. Here I am struggling with this form. > What is "Grant type"? I suppose the issuing registry is London. Is the > Grant issue date the probate date? Is the address the one on the death > certificate? What is a DX number? And Exchange? > > Can you translate for me please? > > Christine

On 2011/07/17 00:32, Murlel Sherlock wrote: > Another reason was, and this was very important back then ; That a child > could not be taken out until it was baptised, hence PRIVATE BAPTISMS. Not heard that one before. How did the parents get the child to church for a normal baptism, if it couldn't be taken out until it had been baptised? -- Regards, Mike Fry Johannesburg

I thought it was the mother who couldn't go anywhere until she was 'churched'. So mothers very often weren't at the child's baptism, especially since it tended to be done very soon after birth. Anne On 17 Jul 2011, at 11:18, Mike Fry wrote: > On 2011/07/17 00:32, Murlel Sherlock wrote: > >> Another reason was, and this was very important back then ; That a child >> could not be taken out until it was baptised, hence PRIVATE BAPTISMS. > > Not heard that one before. How did the parents get the child to church for a > normal baptism, if it couldn't be taken out until it had been baptised? > > -- > Regards, > Mike Fry > Johannesburg