A rare unscheduled post! Many of you, bless your hearts, have asked about future volumes of my Guide for Kentucky Researching Guide and I have just finished volume 4 - the last for a year or so. I wanted to tell you about it if you will allow - and all of you know tht you are under NO obligation by being on the list of getting it!!! I think most of you will vouch for me in that department! Contents of volume 4 include: What Really Counts (not just the dates but the lives of your ancestors); What Questions Can You Ask (how to interview family members); KY Seminaries and Academies (those established in the early statehood days and their trustees Early Historians of Kentucky - what they wrote, what about, availibility; Post Offices in KY 1874 (includes many out of existence today); Early River Navigation in KY (ferries, owners of same, distances from town to town) Road Development in KY (how did the pioneers get from here to there as roads opened) The Log Rollers (log rolling occupations - description of and some names) Violent Deaths in KY 1878 (as recorded by Collins and other historians) Grave Houses and the Annual Funerals (what was a grave house, what happened at the funeral and why did they have the same funeral every year?) Civil War Prisoner of War Camps (where located, who they housed (no individual names); treatment; problems) One Look at Reconstruction Riding the Rails into War (the railroad side of the Civil War) 9th KY Infantry Regiments (rosters) The Underground Railroad (how it operated) Documentation of Census Records Coal Mining in KY 1750-1900 (time table of coal development industry in eastern KY) Old Kentucky Newspapers (an extensive list of some of the old newspapers, what are are available in different libraries or on microfilm - shows name, sometimes editor, years) Early Tobacco Warehouses and mileages (where they were, who operated them (surnames), mileage from one to the other) Kentucky Churches (a list of all the churches in town order thru the beginning of the A's thru most of the C's - names, addresses, phone numbers). There are supposedly 52,000 churches in KY so this is just the begining. The illustrated book is 104 pages long including an extensive full-name index. If you have any interest, you may contact me privately for details. Thanks guys! Sandi Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #310 - WHAT QUESTIONS CAN YOU ASK? Based on the response to last week's tip on "What's Important" in your family research, I have prepared a list of potential questions that you may ask your relatives that will add the meat and potatoes to our family history. These are merely suggestions - you may amplify them, eliminate some ... this is just a worksheet of my ideas. ANCESTORS: There are many family members who are already shadows on the pages of time. BUT - we can flesh them out a little possibly by asking older family members or doing some searching on your own. Facts might include: 1. From where did our family come? 2. How did they earn a living in the old world? 3. Why did they come to America? 4. About when did they come to America? 5. How old were they when they came to America? 6. How did they travel to America? 7. Did they leave family behind? 8. Where did they settle? Instead of just entering the dates you have; if you know from whence they came; do a little research on the county they left behind - geographically, politically. If they came by boat, try to find out a little about lives of the passengers on the boat - what was involved. Make this section more a narrative rather than just the cold hard facts. There are many web sites I'm sure that you can search to learn about their background in other countries. OUR GRANDPARENTS AND PARENTS: If they are living, ask them questions similar to this, or if they have deceased, ask other contemporary family members. 1. What memorable events happened during your lifetime? 2. Who were some people who influenced your life? 3. What inventions or discoveries occurred in your lifetime? 4. Why was life harder then? 5. How was the world better? 6. Did you have a nickname? 7. Where were you born, tell me about the town or house. 8. Where did you grow up? 9. What is your faith? 10. What kind of work did you do? 11. What was your favorite thing to do? 12. When were you married - tell me about the ceremony, witnesses, minister, what you wore, were there any goof-ups? Do you remember the songs that were played? Did you elope? 13. How many children did you have? (You might think you know, but was there a child who died in infancy? Foster children? Children raised for other family members? 14. What hardships did you face? 15. What were your favorite things you did together? 16. What places did you travel to? 17. What are some of your favorite memories? 18. What school did you go to? Did you graduate? Who were your favorite classmates? How were your grades? What were your favorite subjects? Did you participate in other school activities? 19. About your job. How were you trained? How long was your normal work day? What exactly did you do? Did you enjoy your work? Did you get any promotions? Did you ever get hurt on the job? 20. Military. Did you serve in the military? If not, why? What was your rank, where did you train? Did You see active duty? Where? Were you injured? Did you receive any medals? Who were some of your buddies? Tell me about your homecoming. 21. Music, Movies and other entertainment. What kind of music do you like? Who was your favorite performer? What was your favorite movie and movie stars? Did you ever meet any stars? YOUR LIVES: 1. What is the best advice your mother/father ever gave you? 2. Places we have lived - describe the area, house and life style. 3. Our favorite meals 4. Hobbies and games we enjoy. 5. Special places we like to go as a family. 6. Friends and relatives we like to see often. 7. People we turn to for advice. 8. Family traditions. 9. Holidays we celebrate and their traditions 10. Meals we like for the holidays. 11. Where we worship 12. How our faith influences our lives. 13. Our favorite recipies. GENERAL: Maybe you might think that some of these questions are trivial and prying. But believe me, when you get people talking about their lives, it will all "roll out." People love to talk about themselves if someone cares!! Remember how many times you've heard some story from Grandpa until you almost shut off your mind while they repeat it for the 100th time? Older people (and a lot of us "younger" ones too!) love to share with an interesting audience. Remember! Always show interest, write down your notes as they talk or tape - but keep good eye contact with the speaker. Some of these questions will generate more information and history that you hadn't even thought to ask. Many of these questions are interchangeable also - what shows for the grandparents can be used for parents and vice versa. THEN - DOWN TO YOU!!! It's up to you too to keep track of your life for your family! Don't just dwell in the past all the time; remember, some day you will be in a family history. Remember to put down in writing or tape, your memories, your dreams, your interests. Are you good at needlework? Did you ever play shortstop? Did you ever really "blow it"? One of the favorite stories of my life that my daughters enjoy is my meeting Chancellor Willie Brandt of West Germany back in 1958-59. I made a tremendous impression as he was entering the office building where I worked, surrounded by security guards and the State Police. And Sandi the Coordinated lost her balance on the recently waxed foyer and slid entirely across the room, right into the Chancellor, spiking him with her 3 inch heels! And all the officers pulling their pistols? Ah yes ... memories as silly as these bring a smile to the faces of your family! You might print these questions out and alter the wording, add some ideas of your own. You know your family better than I. Search the web to find time lines (some of which I've shared before). If the television was invented during your grandparent's life, add this in a comment section. Wars, deaths of famous people - there are many interesting tidbits of history that can be merged into your records. Have fun! (c) Copyright 28 Sept 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #309 - WHAT REALLY COUNTS? I hope you will let me ramble a bit for today's tip; it is really a re-run of an earlier tip, but has been brought to mind again during this past week. As I grow older, I find myself wishing how much I had asked more questions when family members were still with us. My family is dwindling down to a precious few and along with the feeling of loss of their leaving, I think of how much I didn't know about them. Oh, I have all the dates of birth and death, where and when they were married and all the children. But what do I know about them as a person? What precious memories are gone forever? In all our efforts to get every vital statistic right so we can join the DAR, SAR, Colonial Dames - whatever, have we forgotten that we are dealing with real people? People that lived, loved, hurt, felt pride, worked hard, people who mattered whether they were descended from some famous king or queen, president or outlaw. Or have we become so determined to get every date right, and every pedigree box filled in that we've forgotten what they did, who they were and what legacy they left us? I think sometimes we need to go back to square one and start treating our ancestors with a little more respect!! Of course, we all have family that are so illusive that the only proof we have of their existence is that we are here! But, lets think back just a couple or more generations and be thankful we at least have the names on the ones for whom we can find no biographical information. My daughter was recently given a family history book created by Thomas Kincaide, the famous 'Painter of Lights" that I like so much. In looking through it, I was deeply impressed about the type of data asked for. It had the regular family history information of course, but other questions that stirred up memories in my heart were there too. What was your grandma's favorite recipe? Where did they live, in what kind of a house? What songs were popular then, who were their best friends? What hobbies did they have, where did they go to church, what was their favorite teacher's names, etc. It got me really thinking again on how much I didn't know about my own family! On living family members, of whom there are less than one hand's worth in counting, I can go back and ask. But my precious grandparents and great-grandparents - unless my mother remembers, I will never know. In 1971, I became interested in genealogy, really before I could spell the word! I made a long distance call to my aunt in Tucson who I knew was tracing her family and my uncles and asked her what to do. She gave me a ½ hour lesson in family tree searching that has served me down to the present time. She stressed people first, statistics later. She mailed me an audio tape that she had from my grandfather who has been dead for almost 20 years. She had asked him questions such as the above and he was older and got flustered and couldn't remember. So she left him her tape recorder. Lo and behold, he got messing with the tape and mailed it to her a couple of months later. She made me a copy and it is so cherished. He really "got into it" and not only told stories of his childhood, but sang old coal mining songs from Southern Illinois, told about the politics of the day, illnesses, triumphs, hard times on the farm - an hour of tape covering 80 years of his life. I cherish it! Then, about 10 years ago, I asked my Mom to give me her life story and she made 2 tapes for me (which need to be updated). Her hands were getting arthritic and it was hard for her to write, but she was quite at home with a tape recorder and told of her life on the farm, growing up in a tiny town in central Illinois, the hardships, the joys, my birth, the birth and death of my brother. My precious Dad left us in 1996, and he couldn't write too well, but he was a talker. I never got him to make me a tape, but with my memories and those of his only living sister, we have reconstructed most of his life of growing up prior to the Great Depression, World War II and onward. Now, I am doing the same for my two daughters. I have the "luxury" of doing it on the computer. Whenever I have a few minutes, rare it seems, I plunk out another chapter of my life. Many times years later in my life story, my memory will be jogged of something, and I will add an "interlude" - a chapter of missed memories. I have 20 chapters done now - the girls are both getting a hard copy and a computer disk. Fancy memories? Not really. I don't descend from anyone famous, a lot of our family must have hid out when something important happened. But I can tell them of growing up in a small town and knowing all of my classmates from 1st grade on, of lonliness, of friends, of events that happened during those years such as the launching of Sputnik and our fears to go out on the playground thinking a Russian satellite was photographing us. Of elections, the Korean and Viet Nam War. My times of feeling like a klutz playing girl's basketball or trying to dance, of meeting their daddy, their births. I have also kept a diary for both girls since the day they were born. Plus, I kept my own diary which meant 3 diary entries a day. When they were old enough, I gave the girls their own diaries and begged them to keep them up --which they are. They know what happened every day of their lives less maybe 5 days over the many years. And, being smaltzy, I made them great big scrapbooks - all the cards they have ever received, pieces of the wrapping paper from their gifts, birth announcements, shower presents, lists of toys they like to play with. And pictures - about 30 albums full over the years - friends, events, places. Since we've lived in 5 states, there is something there from every house we've lived in, every town. Now, it's their problem on how to find room for all their "memories", but it has worked. They actively keep records of their lives; one married now and one serious. Statistically, for some patriotic organization, this would mean nothing. But for me, for them, it IS their life! So, along with being able to quote their ancestors back many generations, they know that great-aunt Lizzie was a Bohemian and the life the party; another aunt was a great poker player; Uncle Frederick invented the space bar on the typewriter, Rev. Marcellus was thrown into the brig during the Civil War for being on the wrong side of the fence in the Civil War; their grandmother was a great horsewoman (on the farm, never professionally); their grandpa never knew his father who was killed accidentally when he was three years old; and the adventures of their mother taking flying lessons. They know when they were sick and of what, who got into a little girl's squabble with who and how they did on their report cards. It is a walk back in time with their family and they both love it. So, after many paragraphs, what I'm trying to say is ... record it! We need those dates and places, but we need to know the people who match those dates and places. We are what they were in so many ways, the same genes run in our body, their blood flows in our veins. Their illnesses might effect us later, their reactions to situations many time are shown in how we respond. When they made mistakes, we can learn from their errors and hopefully, not repeat them. When they succeeded, we can not only take pride, but strive to match their goals and exceed them. When great grandpa slaved over a horse drawn plow and at night stared at the stars; our children might be on a space ship soaring between them. Where they had discord in marriage or family, we can strive to be on the alert to see what we can do to not have the same. If you can get the family members to make a tape, write it down, or dictate it to you ... save it, cherish it for it is a shadow of you and of your descendants. (c) Copyright 21 September 2000, Sandra K. Gorin. All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #308 - KENTUCKY TOWNS - CALIFORNIA THROUGH CANNEL CITY See previous tip for introduction. CALIFORNIA: Campbell Co. This town is 5 miles southeast of Alexandria, the town was formed possibly before 1813 near James KENNEDY'S ferry. A post office was established that year with John REED the first postmaster. It was moved and renamed Flagg Spring. California post office was established in 1852 near the ferry, John H. NELSON, post master. This post office closed in 1863 and Flagg Spring re-opened and renamed California. This closed and another Flagg Spring opened in 1870 and ran until 1907. May have also been known as Oregon. CALLAWAY: Bell Co. 61/2 miles east of Pineville with post office opening in 1831, Lewis GREEN, post master. Supposedly named for Gov. Robert P. Letcher as the old name for the post office was Letcher. Changed to Callaway in 1855 and Charles J. CALLAWAY was postmaster from 1838-1875. CALLIS GROVE: Trimble Co. See Hisle. CALLIS Post Office: Trimble Co. See Hisle. CALVERT: Marshall Co. See Calvert City. CALVERT CITY: Marshall Co. 2 miles south of the TN River and 9 ½ miles north of Benton. Named for P W CALVERT, post office opened 1872 with Wilson H. CALVERT, post master. CALVIN: Bell Co. 4 miles east southeast of Pineville. Post office opened in 1908 with Belle PURSIFULL the post mistress. The original name at this time was Page. Renamed to Calvin in 1908. CAMARGO: Montgomery Co. 4 miles southeast of Mt. Sterling, supposedly named for a town in Mexico by the veterans of the Mexican War - or a Mexican entertainer. Post office opened in 1848 J. M. RICKETTS postmaster. Closed in 1963. CAMDENSVILLE. Anderson Co. See Glensboro. CAMPBELL COURT HOUSE PO: Campbell Co. See Newport. CAMPBELLSBURG: Henry Co. 6 miles north of New Castle. Might have been named for a local family as was originally called Chiltonsville for Charles J. CHILTON. Changed named to Campbellsburg 3 weeks later and post office opened 1830. CAMPBELLSBURG: Russell Co. See Creelsboro. CAMPBELLSVILLE: Henry Co. See Campbellsburg. CAMPBELLSVILLE. Taylor Co. County seat, established as a town in 1817, named for Andrew CAMPBELL who founded the town. Post office opened 1817. CAMP DIX: Lewis Co. Lewis Co. 7miles south southeast of Vanceburg. Was known as Dick's Camp, changed to Camp Dix when the Mouth of Laurel post office opened. Mouth of Laurel established 1864, closed and now served by Camp Dix. CAMP GROUND: Laurel Co. See Boreing. CAMP KNOX: Green Co. See Haskinsville. CAMP NELSON: Jessamine and Garrard Co. 6miles south of Nicholasville and 9 miles north of Lancaster, both sides of the Kentucky River. Named for Gen. William NELSON. PO moved to Garrard Co in 1861 but returned to Jessamine Co as Camp Nelson 1863. Camp Nelson National Cemetery is nearby with over 5000 Union dead buried there. CAMPTOWN: Wolfe Co. south of the Mountain Parkway, county seat. Post office established as Campton 1867, Francis M. VAUGHN, postmaster. CAMPTON JUNCTION: Powell Co. See Natural Bridge. CANADA: Pike Co. 12 miles northeast of Pikeville, named for local families of CANADA or KENENDY. Post office opened 1876, Lewis RUNYON, post master. CANDY: Perry Co. See Burgin. CANE VALLEY: Adair Co. 4 ½ miles north of Columbia. Patrick Henry BRIDGEWATER had a store, saw and flour mill here, in 1855 a post office established here and supposedly named for the thick canes that grew here. CANEY: Morgan Co. 7 miles south of West Liberty. Daniel WILLIAMS was an early preacher here and a community grew up. May have also been known as the Walnut Grove community and also as Pinhook. Post office opened 1854, David Isaac LYKINS, postmaster and was named Caney. This name supposedly for Elcaney LYKINS. CANEY CREEK. Knott CO. See Pippa Passes. CANEY FORK: Barren Co. See Etoile. CANEYVILLE: Grayson Co. 10 miles west southwest of Leitchfield, an early pioneer trading post. Post office opened in 1837. CANNEL CITY: Morgan Co: 8 ½ miles south of West Liberty. Developed around the coal mines. Post office opened in 1902. (c) Copyright 14 Sept 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

Way back when, in the early dates of this weekly posts, I was running a series of the towns in KY with a little history on each one, other names they were known by, etc. I have had a LOT of requests to continue this series and so will be interspersing them again with other posts. BURLINGTON. Boone Co, county seat. On KY 18 and 338. It was also known, in 1799, as Craig's Camp, on land donated by John H. CRAIG and Robert JOHNSON. It was then called Wilmington. A Post office established in 1807, John LOVE, post master. Renamed in 1816 to Burlington. BURNA: Livingston Co. Located on the junction of US 60 and KY 135, 7 miles NNE of Smithland. Supposedly founded by John STEEL about 1890; may have also been called Tail Holt. Burna PHILLIPS was the daughter of Grant PHILLIPS and caused the name of the town or other variations. Post office established in 1906 with William C FORT, post master. BURNAUGH: Boyd Co. On US 23, 9 miles south of Catlettsburg. May have been named this for the nearby Burgess Station and the Kavenaugh PO. BURNETT SPRING P.O.: Trigg County. See Roaring Spring. BURNING FORK: Magoffin Co. Jct of KY 114 and 1888, 2 miles east of Salyersville. Named for a buring spring. Post Office opened 1928, Roy M. CAIN, post master. BURNING SPRING PO: Magoffin Co. See Burning Fork and Salyersville. BURNING SPRINGS: Clay Co. On US421and the Burning Springs Fork of Bray Creek, 6 ½ miles NNW of Manchester. Named for the natural gas found there. Post Office opened 1888; Lafayette M. RAWLINGS moved the old Napier Post Office there and renamed it. Post Office closed in 1965. BURNSIDE: Pulaski Co. 3 ½ miles south of Somerset. BURNSIDE's Union Army stationed here. Post Office was opened in 1877 and town called Port Isabel. Henry BEATY, post master. Renamed the following year. BURNT TAVERN PO: Garrard Co. See Bryantsville. BURTON PO: Lewis Co. See Burtonville. BURTONSVILLE PO: Daviess Co. See Whitesville. BURTONVILLE: Lewis Co. Junciton of KY 989 and 1237, 14 miles SW of Vanceburg. Also known as Equalization pre Civil War times. Post Office opened 1878, William B. BURRIS, post master; closed 1958. BUSH: Laurel Co. On KY 80, was first known as Bush's Store in 1840; named for George A BUSH, first postmaster, renamed Bush in 1894. BUSH BRANCH PO: Breathitt Co. See Altro. BUSH'S STORE: Laurel Co. See Bush. BUSKIRK: Morgan Co. Also known as Morgan. Junction KY 205 and 844, 8 miles SSW of West Liverty. Post Office opned 1925, named for Thomas J. BUSKIRK. BUSKIRK's: Johnson Co. See Thelma. BUTLER: Fleming Co. See Plummer's Landing. BUTLER: Fleming Co. On KY 177and the Licking River, 7miles north of Falmouth. Known originally as Fourth Lock for the lock and dam. Then called Clayton. BUTLER COURT HOUSE PO: Butler Co. See Morgantown. BUTLER STATION: Pendleton Co. See Butler. BUTTERFLY: Perry Co. 4 miles NW of Hazard. Post Office opened 1920, Mose C. FELTNER, post master. Supposed to have been named for the large amount of butterflies found there. BUTLER POINT: Adair Co. See Gadberry. BUTTONSBERRY: McLean Co. On KY 18, 7 ½ miles or so southeast of Calhoun. Supposedlynamed by Alva KARNES when he saw a button in a berry patch. BUZZARD ROOST: Nicholas Co. See Sprout. BYBEE: Madison Co. 8 miles east of Richmond on KY52. Eli CORNELISON, 1845, made pottery here. Post office opened 1902 with Matt T BYBEE post master. BYPRO: Floyd Co. Junction of KY 122 and 306. May have been earlier called Briar Bottom. Post office opened 1926, Roy E. WEBB, post master. CACEY'S STATION: Fulton. See Cayce. CADENTOWN: Fayette Co. 1 ½ miles east of Lexington area on Libertyand Todd's Road. Capt. John STARKS bought land here, he a Revolutionary War veteran. Another veteran, Owen CADEN lived here also, town named for him. CADIZ: Trigg Co. By the Little River and on US68-KY80. Begun in 1820 on land given by Robert BAKER, county seat. Post Office begun in 1821, James H. HADEN, Post mster. CAINS STORE: Pulaski Co. Junction KY 80 and 837, 12 miles west of Somerset. Post Office has been relocated 3 times - originally established in 1863 with Christopher C. GOSSETT postmaster, named for Smith CAIN, local landowner. In the mid 1930's moved about 3 miles away just west of the head of Wolf Creek. In 1960 moved again about a mile west on KY 80. Locally known as Caintown. CAIRO: Henderson Co. No post office now, runs along US 41A, 6 ½ miles SSW of Henderson. Alert G. WALKER supposedly named the town in 1840, but the government didn't like his chosen name. He renamed it, said not to be named for Cairo, IL CALABOOSE/CALLABOOSE: Wolfe Co. No current post office, 3 miles north of Campton. May have been named for calaboo (Spanish) for a "place of detention." Post office opened 1909 and was known as Hardeman, likely for George W HARDEMAN, first post master. Renamed in 1911 as Calaboose. CALDWELL PO: Marshall Co. See Altona. CALDWELL'S STORE: Anderson Co. See Ballard. CALEAST: Madison Co. No post office, former post office was on KY 52, 3 miles south of Richmond. Likely named for its first postmaster, Calvin EAST. CALEDONIA: Boone Co. See Petersburg. CALHOUN: McLean Co. On the banks of the Green River. The town likely laid out by Henry RHOADS and named the town Rhoadsville. In 1785, his brother, Solomon RHOADS built a fort here. Town re-named for Fort Vienna, possibly by John HANLEY who bought Rhoads' land. Also known as Calhoun in 1849, William H WILLIAMS, post master; named for John CALHOON, a local judge. Sources: Kentucky Place Names by Robert M. Rennick, various web sites, KY history books, etc. To be continued. (c) Copyright 7 Sept 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

NEWTON ACADEMY, Russellville, Logan, KY. Established 22 Dec 1798 (to be in Logan, Warren or Christian Co). Trustees: John Bailey, Amos Balsh, Daniel Brown, David Caldwell, John Caldwell, William Campbell, Finis Cox, John Curd, Charles Davis, Robert Ewing, Young Ewing, Samuel Hardin, Samuel Hopkins, Burwell Jackson, William Love, Aeneas McCollister, Israel McGrady, William Price [Vol. 2, p. 241]. Approved 21 Dec 1805 - trustees appointed instead of: John Caldwell, deceased; Amos Balch and John Bailey, removed; and Israel M'Gready, resigned): Ninian Edwards, Armstead Morehead, William Reading, Walter Jones. [Vol. 3, p. 277]. This Academy and the Logan Seminary united into Newton Academy by act approved 27 Dec 1806. Trustees: Samuel Caldwell, John Curd, Urbin Ewing, Joseph Hamilton, William Johns, Walter E.Jones, Armistead Morehead, William Reading, Thomas V. Swearingen, Samuel Wilson. [Vol. 3., p. 409] PENDLETON ACADEMY. Falmouth, KY. Approved 26 Jan 1815. Trustees: James King, Samuel Lockwood, Alexander Monrow, James Naylor, Stephen Thrasher, James Wilson. [Vol. 5, pp. 174-175] RITTENHOUSE ACADEMY. Scott Co KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Abraham Buford, Bartlett Collins, Elijah Craig, Toliver Craig, John Hawkins, William Henry, John Hunter, Robert Johnson, John Payne, Samuel Shepherd, William Warren. [Vol. 2., p. 240] ROBERTCON ACADEMY. Columbia, Adair, KY. Established 31 Jan 1814. Trustees: William Caldwell, William Casey, Nathan Gaither, William Owens, Christopher Tompkins. [Vol.5, p. 125] ROCKCASTLE ACADEMY: Established 18 Jan 1810. Trustees: Henry P. Burford, John Burdett, William Carson, James Dysert, John Dysert, Absolem Rentfro, William Smith. [Vol. 4, p. 114] SALEM ACADEMY: Nelson Co KY. Trustees in 1788: James Allen, James Baird, Joseph Barnett, Walter Beall, John Caldwell, Cuthbert Harrison, George Harrison, Andrew Hynes, Isaac Morrison, James Morrison, Philip Phillips, John Steele, William Taylor, Tarah Templin, Matthew Walton. 6 Jan 1813 Trustees: Walter Brashear, William P. Duvall, Burr Harrison, John Rowan, Thomas Speed. [Vol. 5, p. 7] SHELBY ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Simon Adams, John Allen, Bland W Ballard, Thomas Given, Joseph Hornsby, Benjamin Logan, James Logan, Daniel McCleland, Nicholas Merewether, John Pope, Benjamin Roberts, Aquila Whitaker, Joseph Winlock. [Vol. 2, p. 241] SOMERSET ACADEMY: See SUMMERSET ACADEMY. STANFORD ACADEMY: Stanford, Lincoln Co. KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: George Davidson, Samuel Finly, Jonathan Forbes, Richard Gaines, Nathan Huston, John James, Hugh Logan, Samuel Moore, William Owsley. [Vol 2., p. 240] 28 Nov 1806. Trustees: William Davis, Richard Gaines, William Logan, George McRoberts, Thomas Montgomery, Francis S. Reed, Samuel Shackleford, Joseph Welch, James T. Worthington. [Vol. 3, p. 334] SUMMERSET ACADEMY: Somerset, Pulaski, KY. Established 18 Dec 1802. Trustees: William Fox, James Hardgrove, Robert Moderel, Jesse Richardson. [Vol.3, p. 37] TRANSYLVANIA SEMINARY: Established May 1780. Trustees: William Christian, John Cobbs, John Cowan, William Fleming, John Floyd, Benjamin Logan, John May, George Meriwether, Edmund Taylor, George Thompson, John Todd, Levi Todd, Stephen Tripp. [Vol. 3, p. 571] May 1783 Trustees: John Bowman, John Campbell, William Christian, George Rogers Clark, John Cowan, Isaac Cox, John Craig, John Crittenden, Walker Daniel, John Edwards, William Fleming, Willis Green, Christopher Greenup, Robert Johnston, Benjamin Logan, Thomas Marshall, John May, Samuel McDowell, John Mosby, David Rice, Isaac Shelby, James Speed, Edmund Taylor, Levi Todd, Caleb Wallace. [Vol. 3, p. 572] TRANSYLVANIA SEMINARY. Established 22 Dec 1798, this seminary merged with the Kentucky Academy under the name of Transylvania University. Trustees: Cornelius Beatty, James Blythe, John Bradfdord, Bartlett Collins, James Crawford, Joseph Crockett, James Garrard, Thomas Lewis, Robert Marshall, Andrew McCalla, John McDowell, Samuel McDowell, William Morton, George Nicholas, Alexander Parker, Frederick Ridgeley, Robert Steel, Buckner Thruston, Levi Todd, James Trotter, Caleb Wallace. [Vol. 2, p. 234] UNION ACADEMY. Established 19 Jan 1814. Trustees: Robert Gilchrist, James Gray, Joseph Reives, Hugh W Robb, Jonathan Taylor, James Townsend. [Vol. 5, p. 80] WASHINGTON ACADEMY. Washington Co KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Henry Smock, Robert Able, Charles Ewing, Felix Grundy, Benjamin Hardin, John Helm, Thomas Kyle, John Lancaster, Barnabas McHenry, Samuel Overton, John Read, Matthew Walton, Philip Washburn, Charles Wickliff. [Vol. 2, p. 242] WINCHESTER ACADEMY. Winchester, Clark Co KY. Established 19 Dec 1798. Trustees: David Bullock, Patterson Bullock, William Cavenaugh, Robert Clark, Sr, Robert Clark Jr, Dillard Collins, Robert Elkins, Jacob Fishback, Richard Hickman, John Irwin, John Lyle, William Sudduth, Hubbard Taylor. [Vol. 2, p. 217] WOODFORD ACADEMY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Robert Alexander, George Brooke, Marquis Calmes, Alexander Dunlap, John Jouitte, John O'Bannon, Tunstall Quarles, William Steele, William Vawter, Caleb Walalce, John Watkins, Charles Wilkins, Richard Young. [Vol. 2, p. 243] Approved 12 Dec 1804. Trustees:Harman Bowman, George Brooke, Marquis Calmes, Nathan Dedman, Thomas Eastland, John Jouitt, John O'Bannon, Charles Railey, William Steele, Benjamin Temple, Reuben Twyman, William Vawter, Richard Young. [Vol. 3, p. 181] (c) Copyright 31 Aug 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ <>< TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

During the Kentucky General Assembly sessions of 1792 through 1816, land was set apart in various counties throughout the State for building seminaries and academies. Following is the list of the academies created. This is courtesy of Kentucky Ancestors, Volume 27, No. 3, 1992. The Kentucky statute book and page number is shown in brackets. GLASGOW ACADEMY. Barren County. Established by act approved 23 Dec 1809. Trustees: Henry Crutcher, Hardin Davis, Richard Garnett, John Gorin, William Logan, John McFerren, John Monroe, Samuel Murrell, Joel Yancey, John Yates and Robert E. Yates. [Vol 5, p. 325] GREENUP ACADEMY: Greenup County. Established 23 January 1810. Trustees: Jesse Boone, William Dupey, William Fugued, John Pogue, Francis Waring, Sr. [Vol. 4, p. 127] GREENVILLE ACADEMY. Muhlenberg County. Established 18 January 1810. Trustees: David Campbell, William Campbell, Jeremiah Langby, Alney McClean, Jesse Reno, Clairborne Rice, John C. Russell, James Weare, Charles F. Wing. [Vol. 4, p. 113] HARDIN ACADEMY. Hardin County. Estabished 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Bladen Ashby, Patrict Brown, John Canihaw, Sr., Benjamin Helm, Thomas Helm, Robert Hodgins, Jacob Larue, John Paul, Stephen Roling, John Vantreese. [Vol. 2, p. 242] HARRISON ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: William E. Boswell, Henry Coleman, Samuel Cook, Benjamin Harrison, Robert Hingson, Samuel Lamb, Samuel McMullin, Hugh Miller, Sr., John Wall. [Vol. 2, p. 241] HARRODSBURG ACADEMY: Harrodsburg, KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: John Adair, Peter Bonta, George Bohannon, Matthias Bush, Philip Bush, Peter Casey, Samuel P. Duval, Augustine Passmore, Gabriel Slaughter, Samuel Taylor, John Thomas, George Thompson. [Vol. 2., p. 240] HARTFORD ACADEMY: Hartford, KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Alexander Barnet, Stephen Clever, Jesse Cravens, Joshua Crow, Aquilla Fields, Benjamin Fields, David Glenn, Ignatius Pigman, William Bailey Smith, Harrison Taylor. [Vol. 2, p. 242] HENDERSON ACADEMY. Henderson, Henderson, KY. Established 31 Dec 1813. Trustees: William R. Bowen ,Joseph Fuquay, Richard Henderson, James Hillyer, Wyatt H. Ingram, Daniel McBride, Adam Rankin. [Vol 5, p. 72] HENRY ACADEMY. Henry County. Established 1 Feb 1814. Trustees: James Bartlett, Joseph Bunker, Isham Henderson, Rowland Thomas, Robert Thurston. [Vol. 5, p. 134] JEFFERSON SEMINARY. Estill County. Established 10 Feb 1798. Trustees: Richard Clough Anderson, Alexander S. Bullitt, Henry Churchill, William Croghan, James Meriwether, William Taylor, John Thompson, John Turston. [Vol. 2, p. 108]. Additional trustees appointed 4 Dec 1800: Robert Breckenridge, Fornatus Cosby, Abner Field, Abraham Hite, Gabriel J. Johnson, James F. Moore, Samuel Oldham, John Speed. Approved 18 Dec 1800: Richard C. Anderson, Thomas Barbour, John Bates, Robert Breckenridge, Alexander S. Bullitt, Henry Churchill, Abner Fields, Abraham Hite, Gabriel J. Johnson, Samuel Oldham, Jonathan Taylor, David L. Ward. [Vol. 3, p. 207]. Name changed to Estill Seminary. [Vol 5., p. 509] KENTUCKY ACADEMY. Established 12 Dec 1794. Trustees: Cary Allen, James Blythe, John Caldwell, James Camper, Notly Conn, James Crawford, Robert Finley, Jacob Froman, William Henry, Robert Marshall, Andrew McCalla, John Miller, David Rice, Samuel Shannon, Terah Templin, James Thompson, Caleb Wallace, William Warren. [Vol. 1, p. 228]. See TRANSYLVANIA SEMINARY. KENTUCKY SEMINARY. Franklin County. Established 17 Dec 1800. Trustees: Otho Beatty, James Blair, Anthony Crockett, Joseph H. Daviess, Baker Ewing, Isaac E. Gano, William Hunter, John Logan, George Madison, William P. Murry, Bennett Pemberton, John M. Scott, Isham Talbot, Thomas Todd, William Trigg, Thomas Tunstall, Daniel Weisiger. [Vol. 2, p. 388]. Approved 6 Jan 1812: James Blair, John Brown, Christopher Greenup, William Hunter, Achilles Sneed, William Trigg, Daniel Weisiger. [Vol. 4, p. 319] LANCASTER ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: William Bledsoe, John Boyle, Jr., John Bryant, William Campbell, Samuel Gill, John Harrison, John Jones, Benjamin Letcher, Henry Pawling, Benjamin Perkins, James Thompson. [Vol. 2, p. 242.] LEBANON ACADEMY. Christian County. Established 17 Dec 1810. Trustees: David Barty, Daniel Benham, Robert Coleman, Fines [Finis] Ewing, Young Ewing, Ephraim McClean, Samuel Moore. [Vol. 4. p. 193]. Additional trustees approved 29 Jan 1816. James Berry, John Davis, Elijah Garth, Lewis Leavel, Abraham McKinney. [Vol. 5, pp. 323-24.] LEWIS ACADEMY: Lewis County. Established 31 Jan 1809. Trustees. James Barclay, Winslow Parker, John Radford, Robert Robb, Aaron Stratton, Rowland Thomas, William Walker. [Vol. 4, p. 17.] LEXINGTON SEMINARY. Established 10 Feb 1798. Trustees: Peter January, Sr., David Logan, David McGee, Adam Rankin, William Robinson, James Scott, Richard Steele. [Vol. 2, p. 108]. LIBERTY ACADEMY. Casey County. Established 18 Jan 1810. Trustees: John Campbell, John Depau, Archibald Northcut, Moses Rice, William Scott, James Swegit, Job Sweeney. [Vol. 4, p. 114] LOGAN ACADEMY. Established 18 Dec 1804. Trustees: Samuel Caldwell, William S. Dallum, Feazin Davidge, Ninian Edwards, Reubin Ewing, Robert Ewing, Walter Jones, James M'Mahan, John Porter, William Reading, Maxwell Sharp, Moses Steele, William Wallace. [Vol. 3, p. 206] Trustees in stead of 21 Dec 1805: William S. Dallum, Rezin Davidge, Moses Steele. Also Amos Edards, Armstead Morehead, William W. Whitaker. [Vol. 3, p. 277] [See NEWTON ACADEMY] MADISON ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: James Barnet, Robert Caldwell, Green Clay, Hickerson Grubbs, Matthew Huston, Christopher Irwin, Joseph Kennedy, John Millar, John Patrick, Robert Rhodes, James Speed, Archibald Woods. [Vol. 3, p. 278] Approved 1 Feb 1814. Trustees: Curtis Fields, John Patrick, Moses M. Price, Anthony W. Rollins, Archibald Woods. [Vol. 5, p. 133]. MANCHESTER ACADEMY: Established 31Jan 1809. Trustees: Abner Baker, Beverly Broadis, Daniel Garrard, John Hebberd, James Todd. [Vol. 4, p. 18.] MONTGOMERY ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Abijah Brooks, Bennett Clark, Joseph Hume, James McIllany, Jilson Payne, William Payne, James Pogue, Enoch Smith, William Robinson, James Ward. [Vol. 2, p. 241]. Approved 21 Jan 1808, additional trustees: Moses Bledsoe, James Crawford, James French, Joseph How, John Young. NEW ATHENS ACADEMY. Greensburg, Green, KY. Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Elias Barbee, William Buckneer, William Casey, Jonathan Conrad, Robert Haskins, John Montgomery, Nathan Montgomery, Jonathan Patterson, John W. Sample, David Sims, Daniel Trabue, James Young. [Vol. 2, p. 242]. Approved 24 Dec 1805: James Allen, Robert Allen, William Barret, Samuel Brents, Daniel Brown, John Moore, Rev. David Rice, James H. Rice, Thomas K. Slaughter, A. M. Wakefield, Daniel White. [Vol. 3, p. 302. NEWPORT ACADEMY: Established 22 Dec 1798. Trustees: Washington Berry, Thomas Carneel, John Crittenden, John Grant, Thomas Kennedy, William Kennedy, Daniel Mayo, Charles Morgan, Thomas Sandford, Richard Southgate, Robert Stubbs, James Taylor. [Vol. 2, p. 240. To be continued. (c) Copyright 24 Aug 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #304 - LOG ROLLERS Log rolling was one of the foremost activities of the Kentucky pioneer. When I moved to Kentucky in 1989, I was awestruck by the amount of trees - tall trees! Coming from Illinois and it's million of acres of golden fields of wheat, oats, soybeans and corn; later in Texas and then to the cactus strewn deserts of Arizona; I had almost forgotten what tall trees looked like! But from all indications, what we enjoy so much now with all the changing of the guards at summer rolls into fall in glowing shades, and the bare limbs sprouting with new life in the spring - this is nothing in comparison to how it "used to be." In reading the old books about the early days in Kentucky, one thing stands out above all others. The richness of the land here in Kentucky and the tall trees. When visitors early came to the state they were in awe of the variety of our trees and their height and spun many a yarn about them when they returned home. Some wrote letters back home which spoke of trees so dense and tall that a man could barely crowd his way between them. Untouched by human axe, the trees reached it seemed to the heavens. One must remember that in the early settlement days of Kentucky, Virginia's land was wearing out. Over-planted and not as fertile as it had been, their hills were called "scrawny" by many. The tales of the richness of Kentucky sparked a fire in the breast of many a weary Virginia settler and nearby states and they decided right then and there to head for this new wilderness where everything grew twice as big and twice as fast. Kentucky lands (still in the early days a part of Virginia) seemed like every man's answer to prayer. When the influx of settlers started coming into what was to become the Commonwealth of Kentucky, they found they had more than sufficient lumber to build their cabins, build their furniture, warm themselves by at the hearth; and still have plenty to spare. The wild grasses grew to great heights, the game was more than adequate to feed the settler's family and much of the land had not been trod by any man. The Indians, silent in their steps through the undergrowth, merely passed through many areas with little evidence of damage except in the burning of some of the wild grasses to encourage growth and to hunt the buffalo. They protected the land. When the white man came it must have appeared as if they were stepping in the Garden of Eden. Though not always as careful with the land as the Indians, they were soon carving out their own homesteads. Red and white elms, white sycamores, lofty elms, tulip trees, oaks, chestnut, black and blue ash, walnut, holly, blackgum, maple, cherry, linden, beech, red haw, buckeye, pawpaw, pine, spicewood, sumac, swamp alder, dogwood, cedar .... the varieties allowed the settler to pick and choose as to which tree would make the best table, or cabin, or container. Back in Frankfort about 1830 or so, mill owners bought a few rafts which would be run down by local mountainmen. This was to become the beginning of a huge business. These hardened mountain men, toughened many times by their service in the Revolutionary War, built log booms and splash dams along the creeks in the area. The rafts they now built might contain upward of 3000 logs. Along with experience and not a few accidents, the loggers learned how to drift chains of logs across streams so that they rose and fell with the tides. Once they reached fast water, the rafts (also called raves) could be 100 to 120 feet in length and 10-16 poles wide. Oak poles were fastened fore and aft to guide the rafts; steersmen and pikers were employed to guide the rafts on their way; many times 5-6 men per raft. Equipment that the loggers carried were well known. They needed a "peavy" which is a six-foot cable, a frying pan, an ax, about 6 linchpins, and 2 forty-fours tied to their outfits. No logger could afford to lose his weapons so they were securely fastened to his "britches" in case of Indian attack or some white renegade wanting their rafts. In the Blue Grass area of Kentucky were often "rock throwing hoodlums." To hire on to be a log roller or log runner was a dangerous job and many young men relished the chance for adventure. They were taking their logs south, many to the New Orleans markets to make a "wad of money." But, they earned their money well and many lost their lives in the process. The log roller, the experienced ones, soon learned every bend and crook of the streams and what creek ran into which river. They learned, often the hard way, of the dangerous rocky sides of the beds, the hidden shoals. The local citizens became quite well acquainted with these brave men and the rollers themselves became experts on the lay of the land. They also learned the friendly folk along the way and where it would be safe to disembark and spend a night with other settlers at a nearby cabin. Sometimes the locals could be downright unfriendly too and refuse them shelter or food; but most welcomed these hardy men and put them up in barns or some nearby shelter; providing them with hot coffee and many times full meals. Sometimes as many as 30 log rollers would descend on a farmer at the same time, all piled that night in a barn, snoring amidst the cattle. The raft runners could only run the rivers five out the 12 months of the year. Their schedules depended on weather and tides. There is a strong November tide and the "summer logs" were run then. February, March, April and May marked the spring tides - here they were fighting the terrible unrelentless cold and rains. April was the favorite month to roll the logs. Those trying to make the run in the colder months often froze to death, or lost their footing on the ice covered logs and drowned. The loggers also "read" the weather well. They knew that if they'd had a mild winter and covered the coves with fogs that the Kentucky river would flood. They were said to be able to predict the tide within a few hours - they had to know, their lives depended on it. Sometimes the men were faced with a "wild log" - one that wanted to go its own way. If the log was oak, beech, hemlock or hickory, the results could be fatal. Timber thieves liked to steal the poplar, chestnut, walnut, buckeye and basswood. They would lie in wait out of side along the river banks and attack the men on the rafts as they approached. Not all the men who rode the rafts were decent settlers and their sons. Sometimes they were "rowdies" who would rather fight and drink than anything. But the majority it appears were just men trying to make a living. If they reached their destination with their lives, they sold their precious logs and then walked all the way home. So the pioneer woman at home would likely not be seeing her man or son for quite some time! Thomas Clark, in his book "The Kentucky" lists a few names of the most famous of the old-time log rollers. Most will remain unknown to us today. William Nathan Decipitation Tyro Jefferson Heser Ceser Honeysuckle Noble - known as Honeysucker Noble. Dan Parker, "Turtleneck" Eversole, Blowey Jim Bishop, "Blowey" Jim Bishop, Old Bill Peters - most of these appear to have been from eastern Kentucky. Their names as colorful as their lives. (c) Copyright 17 August 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #303 GRAVE HOUSES AND ANNUAL FUNERALS I have written before of the deaths, funerals and cemeteries, but I am currently reading the book, "The Kentucky" by the greatest Kentucky historian of modern times, Thomas Clark. He published this book in 1945 and I am amazed by his knowledge and love for the land. In his chapter 12, he deals with the subject of "funeralizing" which contains more information that I had seen in print before. Clark explains, as I have mentioned before, that death is treated very distinctly in early Kentucky. If a rural mountainman died (and perhaps to this time in the mountainous eastern part of the State), per Clark, neighbors all pitched in. A crude coffin, triangular in shape, was built and the box was wrapped in white cloth. It was common for a grave house to be built over the burial site which protected the grave from the weather and the "grave robber". This grave robber was perceived to be an animal - a cross, per Clark, between a weasel and an anteater. It supposedly dug into the grave and destroyed the body. So great care was given to the construction of the gravehouse for protection of their beloved. A grave house could be built of rough logs or covered with boards; some of the newer ones are wood planks covered with tin. Many times objects were placed in the grave house reminding the family of the deceased, or flowers, trinkets or photographs of the deceased. Christmas trees, balloons (for newer time burials), flowers and other decorations were added. The funeral services were many times held on Saturdays and Sundays per Clark, with a long procession of mourners leading up the hill to the gravehouse. The women came first, dressed in black, and carried streamers, or decorations or white cloth. The men followed in silence and mourning. Meals were brought and carried to the graveside where rows of seats had been set up, made of logs. A picture of the deceased was often leaned against the tombstone and streamers draped over the grave. In eastern Kentucky, the funeral service many times included 4-6 ministers who exhorted the mourners for hours on end to make their peace with God. Each minister was "stronger" than the one before in his message of repentance. The messages were accompanied by much crying and repenting and continued for many hours. Photographs of the departed beloved were often passed around from person to person during the service. Many hymns were sung during this time with "The Great Speckled Bird" being the most requested. The individual's obituary was read by the minister. These photographs were taken at the person's death and in the coffin, a fashion held to until this day in many areas. The minister also announced his (their) schedule for other funerals; Clark's reference being primarily services held along the Kentucky River and in the Appalachian area. He also announced the schedule for this funeral again as in many areas, the funeral was an annual event. Each year, the family and friends would gather to repeat the ceremony. The families and ministers scheduled an annual funeral for their lost one and would many times apparently travel from funeral to funeral to remember those who had died years previous. As the procession left the gravesite or gravehouse, more songs were sung with the favorites being "The Village Churchyard" and "Farewell, Mother, I am Dying." The minister or ministers would remain at the end of the service and knelt over the grave. Many of the congregation paused to bow with him and a final exhortation given for the repentance of the grievers. When he was finished, the "festivities" began with the mountain people joining together in gossip, talk about the food waiting for them and arrangements for those coming from a distance to "stay the night" with some of the local family. My thanks to the many years of history that Thomas Clark has preserved and a custom unheard of in most areas. (c) Copyright 10 August 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html Merged Surname Registry all counties in South Central KY: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/files/surnames/surnames.txt

TIP #302: EARLY HISTORIANS OF KENTUCKY I have received so many requests about the old historians in Kentucky, those before the end of the century. I checked Collins again, Volume 2 and he mentions several of them and I thought you might be interested. He notes before getting into names, that some of the best recorded historians of Kentucky were the trees! Thus was proved, carved on many old trees, the names of some of our earliest pioneers; that of Dr. Thomas Walker, Ambrose Powell, Colby Chew and others who stopped long enough in 1750 to carve in a tree "A Powell - 1750. Or in 1754 when James McBRIDE and others passed down the Ohio River in a canoe and when stopped at the mouth of the Kentucky River was carved "J. M'R, 1754." Most living in the South Central Kentucky area know of the tree on the north side of Barren River (3 miles from Bowling Green and near the old VanMeter ferry), a beech tree indicating that a camp ground was once here who stayed from June13 to June 223, 1775. Six names were carved on one of these stately beeches. Or, in 1772 near Louisa, Lawrence County, where surveyor John Fry carved in a tree. When the historians started preserving their records in a slightly more permanent form, we rejoice because within their pages are contained much more information, more names, more events, that frames our State. Collins lists the following: 1. John Filson, the first preservationist of Kentucky history, or so credited by Collins. He published a small work in 1784 at Wilmington, Delaware, which he entitled "The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boone, former a Hunter: containing a Narrative of the Wars of Kentucky." The book, says Colins, was very studious, sopohmoric and ostentatious, yet singlurarly interesting." Daniel Boone, Levi Todd and James Harrod vouched for the accurateness of his writing in a certificate dated 12 May 1784. This book was translateed into French and published in Paris in 1785, with later reprints in England. 2. William Littell, considered very rare in 1785 by Collins, did a history of Kentucky entitled "Political Transactions in and concerning Kentucky, from the first settlement until June 1792". It was published at Frankfort, KY in 1806. 3. Humphrey Marshall was considered for 35 years the most prominent historian. He was a lawyer and editor and until 1834 was the only work really known and quoted. It was published at Frankfort in 1812 as "The History of Kentucky, including an account of the Discovery, Settlement, Progressive Improvement, Political and Military Events, and Present State of the Country." A second volume was published in 1824. It was often said to have been partisan, bitter and prejudiced. 4. Mann Butler, M.D. LL.B. (Edward Mann Butler), prominent historian was born in Baltimore, MD in July 1784. He came to Lexington, KY in March 1806 and practiced law for a short time, then opened an academy inVersailles, Woodford, KY. He married Martha Dedman in August 1806,died by falling off the Gasconade River Bridge. His book was entitled "History of Kentucky, From its Exploration and Settlement by the Whites, to the close of the Northwestern Campaign, in 1813." This was published in Louisville in 1834. A later pamphlet, published in 1837 at Frankfort, was titled "An Appear from the Misrepresentations of James Hall respecting the History of Kentucky and the West; and a Chronology of the Principal Events in Western History to 1806." He had finished, at the time of his death, a "History of the Valley of the Ohio", in manuscript form. Most of his library was stolen or destroyed by Federal soldiers. 5. Judge Lewis Collins, published in 1847, a history of Kentucky which had a large circulation entitled "Historical Sketches of Kentucky, embracing its History, Antiquities, and Natural Curiosities, Geographical, Statistical, and Geological Descriptions, with Anecdotes of Pioneer Life, and more than 100 Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Pioneers, Soldiers, Statesmen, Jurists, Lawyers, Divines, etc.". He was the father of Collins from whom I am quoting. 6. William B Allen, 1872, issued a book entitled "History of Kentucky, embracing Gleanings, Reminiscences, Antiquities, Natural Curiosities, Statistics, and Biographical Sketches." This has been republished by the Green Co KY Historical Society. 7. Richard H Collins (from whom I am quoting) presented in August 1874, two volumes of the History of Kentucky which is still available at most libraries. 8. Rev. Hemry Toulmin "A Description of Kentucky, etc." published 1792 in London, England. 9. Gilbert Imlay "Topographical Description of Western Territory, belonging mainly to Kentucky." Published 1792, London, republished 1793 and 1797. 10. Gen. Robert B. McAfee "History of the Late War in the Western Country", published Lexington, KY 1816. 11. Dr. Samuel L. Metcalfe "Narratives of Indian Warfare", 1821, Lexington. Was rare in1874. 12. John A McClung "Sketches of Western Adventure", published Maysville, KY 1832. 13. Gov. James T. Morehead "Address in Commemaration of the First Settlement of Kentucky, at Boonesborough, May 25, 1840. 14. Judge James Hall "Sketches of History, etc. in the West". 2 volumes, published in Philadelphia 1835. 15. John Bradford "Notes on Kentucky, in newspaper articles, 1827". As you can see, most of the above works cannot be found by the average historian today, but keep your eyes open! (c) Copyright 3 August 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios SCKY ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl Surname Registry: http://sckyregistry.homestead.com/SCKYHome.html

Before this post, I just want to put in a personal thank you to an unknown friend from the list who made a dream come true last week. Thanks so much for your kindness and would love to thank you personally! TIP #301 - TOWNS IN KENTUCKY WITH POST OFFICES, 1874 This is a continuation of a previous post, listing the towns in Kentucky with post offices, 1874, as recorded by Collins, Volume 2: McCLEAN Co: Calhoun, Livermore, Livia, Long Falls Creek, Mason Creek, Rumsey, Sacramento. MADISON Co: Berea, Big Hill, Edenton, Joe's Lick, Kingston, Kirksville, Richmond, Silver Creek, Speedwell, Waco, White Hall. MAGGOFIN Co: Johnson's Fork, Salyersville. MARION Co: Bradfordsville, Chicago, Gravel Switch, Lebanon, Loretto, New Market, Penick, Raywick, Rush Branch, St. Mary's. MARSHALL Co: Aurora, Benton, Birmingham, Brewer's Mill, Briensburg, Caldwell, Calvert City, Exchange, Fair Dealing, Henderson's Mill, Oakland, Olive, Palma. MARTIN Co: Warfield. MASON Co: Dover, Fern Leaf, Germantown, Helena, Mayslick, Maysville, Minerva, Mount Gilead, North Fork, Orangeburg, Sardis, Shannon, Slack, Springdale, Washington. MEADE Co: Brandenburg, Flint Island, Garnettsville, Garrett, Hill Grove, Rock Haven, Wolf Creek. MENIFEE Co: Frenchburg. MERCER Co: Bohon, Cornishville, Dugansville, Duncan, Harrodsburg, Mafee, Nevada, Pleasant Hill, Rose Hill, Salvisa. METCALFE Co: Ventre, Cross Plains, East Fork, Edmonton, Glover's Creek, Knob Lick, Poplar Spring, Pace's, Rockland Mills, Willow Shade. MONROE Co: Centre Point, Flippin, Fountain Run, Gamaliel, Martisburg, Mud Lick, River Grange, Rock Bridge, Sulphur Lick, Tompkinsville. MONTGOMERY Co: Aaron's Run, Elm Hill, Howard's Mill, Jeffersonville, Levee, Montaview, Mount Sterling, Side View. MORGAN Co: Bangor, Black Water, West Liberty. MUHLENBURG Co: Bremen, Earle's, Greensville, Laurel Bluff, Mercer, Nelson, Painestown, Paradise, Riverside, South Carrollton. NELSON Co: Bardstown, Bloomfield, Boston, Chaplin, Cox's Creek, Deatsville, Fairfield, Gethsemane, High Grove, Hunter's Depot, Nelson Furnace, New Haven, New Hope, Samuel's Depot. NICHOLAS Co: Black Hawk, Blue Lick Springs, Carlisle, Head Quarters, Hooktown, Moorefield, Myersville, Oak Mills, Weston. OHIO Co: Beaver Dam, Buck Horn, Buford, Centretown, Ceralvo, Cool Spring, Cromwell, Elm Lick, Fordsville, Hartford, Haynesville, Hogg's Falls, Horse Branch, Point Pleasant, Render Coal Mines, Rockport, Rossine, Sulphur Springs. OLDHAM Co: Beard's Station, Brownsborough, Buckner's Station, Goshen, LaGrange, Peru, Pewee Valley, Westport. OWEN Co: Canby, Eagle Hill, Gratz, Harmony, Harrisburg Academy, Hills, Lone Oak, Lusby's Mill, Monterey, New Columbus, New Liberty, North Savern, Owenton, Pleasant Home, Rock Dale, Saquiresville, Sweet Owen, West Union. OWSLEY Co: Booneville, Island City, South Fork, Traveller's Rest. PENDLETON Co: Batchelor's Rest, Boston Station, Butler, Catawba, DeMossville, Dividing Ridge, Elizabethville, Falmouth, Flower Creek, Gardnersville, Knoxville, Levingood, Moran, Motler. PERRY Co: Cut Shin, Hazard PIKE Co: Ash Camp, Bent Branch, Dorton, Head of Coburn, Little Creek, Mouth of Pond, Piketon, Robinson's Creek. POWELL Co: Harrah's Mills, Stanton, West Bend. PULASKI Co: Adam's Mills, Cain's Store, Cato, Clio, Dallas, Garden Cottage, Lincolnville, Line Creek, Plato, Shopville, Somerset, Sublimity, Thomponville, Valley Oak, Waterloo, White Oak Gap. ROBERTSON Co: Bratton's Mills, Kentontown, Mount Olivet. ROCKCASTLE Co: Broadhead, Fish Point, Goochland, Gum Sulphur, Level Green, Mount Vernon, Pine Hill. ROWAN Co: Farmer's, Gill's Mills, Morehead, Pine Springs. RUSSELL Co: Creelsborough, Horse Shoe Bottom, Jamestown, Millers, Royalton. SCOTT Co: Georgetown, Great Crossings, Little Eagle, Minorsville, Newton, Oxford, Paynes' Depot, Stamping Ground, Stonewall, Straight Fork, White Sulphur. SHELBY Co: Bailey's Store, Bagdad, Chestnut Grtove, Christiansburg, Clay Village, Cropper's Depot, Graefenberg, Harrisonville, Jacksonville, NorthBenson, Scott's Station, Shelbyville, Simpsonville, Todd's Point. SIMPSON Co: Franklin, Hickory Flat, Temperance Mount. SPENCER Co: Elk Creek, Little Mount, Mount Eden, Smileytown, Taylorsville, Van Dyke's Mill, Waterford, Wilsonville. TAYLOR Co: Campbellsville, Mannsville, Saloma. TODD Co: Allensville, Clifty, Daysville, Elkton, Guthrie, Hadensville, Kirkmansville, Pilot Knob, Sharon Grove, Trenton. TRIGG Co:Cadiz, Canton, Cerulean Springs, Empire Iron Works, Golden Pond, Laurel Furnace, Lindsey's Mill, Linton, Montgomery, Roaring Spring, Trigg Furnace, Wallonia. TRIMBLE Co: Bedford, Milton, Winona UNION Co: Bordley, Boxville, Caseyville, Commercial point, DeKovan, Drake's Grove, Hitesville, Morganfield, Raleigh, Seven Guns, Uniontown. WARREN Co: Bowling Green, Bristow Station, Claypool, Green Hill, Green Castle, Hadley, Hay's Ford, Memphis Junction, Oakland Station, Rich Pond Grove, Richardsville, Richland, Rockfield, Smith's Grove, Woodburn. WASHINGTON Co: Antioch, Beech Fork, Beechland, Fredericktown, Mackville, Sharpsville, Springfield, Texas, Willisburg. WAYNE Co: Berryville, Mill Springs, Monticello, Parmleysville, Rock Creek, Steubenville. WEBSTER Co: Clay, Dixon, Poole's Mill, Providence, Sebree, Slaughterville, Vanderburg. WHITLEY Co: Bark CampMills, Brown's Creek, Evans' Mills, Lot, Marsh Creek, Meadow Creek, Patterson Creek, Pleasant View, Rock, Rockhold's, Whitley C. H, Wild Cat. WOLFE Co: Compton, Hazle Green WOODFORD Co: Ducker's, Midway, Millville, Mortonsville, Spring Station, Troy, Versailles. (c) Copyright 27 July 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

TIP #300 - POST OFFICES IN KENTUCKY,1874. Many little towns and communities have disappeared over the years. Many queries I see daily involve questions about little villages where ancestors said they were born or lived and they cannot always be found in the year 2000. Some towns have changed names, some came into existence later. According to Collins' History of Kentucky, these are the towns existing in March 1874 that had post offices. ADAIR: Breeding's, Cane Calley, Casey Creek, Chapel Hill, Columbia, Glen's Fork, Gradyville, Milltown, Montpelier and Neatsville. ALLEN: Butlersville, Cedar Springs, Mount Aerial, New Roe, Scottsville. ANDERSON: Caldwell's Store, Lawrenceburg, Ripyville, Rough and Ready. BALLARD: Blandville, Fort Jeffrson, Hinkleville, Lovelaceville, Milburn, Mixville, Ogden's Landing South Ballard. BARREN: Bruce, Cave City, Coral Hill, Dry Fork, Freedom, Glasgow, Glasgow Junction, Hiseville, Nobob, Pageville, Park, Prewitt's Knob, Roseville, Slick Rock, Temple Hill, Tracy. BATH: Bald Eagle, Bethel, Costigan, Little Flat, Marshall, Olympian Springs, Owingsville, Peeled Oak, Sharpsburg, Wyoming. BOONE: Bullittsville, Burlington, Constance, Florence, Grant, Hamilton, Hebron, Petersburg, Union, Verona, Walton. BOURBON: Centrevile, Clintonville, Houston, Hutchinson's, Levy, Millersburg, Nortth Middleton, Paris, Ruddell's Mills, Shawhan, Stony Point. BOYD: Ashland, Bolt's Fork, Burgess, Cannonsburg, Catlettsburg, Coalton. BOYLE: Aliceton, Brumfield Station, Danville, Mitchellsburg, Parksville, Perryville, Shelby City. BRACKEN: Augusta, Berlin,Bradford, Brookville, Browingsville, Chatham, Foster, Hillsdale, Milford, Mount Hor, Powersville, Tietzville. BREATHITT: Jackson, Jett's Creek, Lost Creek BRECKINRIDGE: Bewleyville, Big Spring, Clifton Mills, Cloverport, Harrdinsburg, Hudsonville, Lost Run, Planter's Hall, Rough Creek, Rock Lick, Stephensport, Union Star, Webster. BULLITT: Bardstown Junction, Belmont, Cane Spring Depot, High View, Lebanon Junction, Mount Vitio, Mount Washington, Pitt's Point, Quarry Switch, Shepherdsville, Smithville. BUTLER: Berry's Lick, Brooklyn, Green River, Harreldsville, Logansport, Morganton, Quality Valley, Reedyville, Rochester, Sugar Grove, Townsville,Welch's Creek, Woodbury. CALDWELL: Creswell, Dulaney, Farmersville, Fredonia, Friendship, Princeton, Scottsburg, Walnut Grove. CALLOWAY: Backusburg, Cold Water, Crossland, Harrisburg, Hico, Kirksey, Linn Grove, Locust Grove,Murray, Pine Bluff, Wadesborough. CAMPBELL: Alexandria, California, Camp Spring, Carthage, Cold Spring, Dale, Dayton, Flagg Spring, Grant's Lick, Indian Springs, Kane, Newport, Ten Time, Tibbits' Cross Roads. CARROLL: Carrolton, Eagle Station, Ghent, Worthville. CARTER: Boone Furnace, Count's Cross Roads, Enterprise, Estill Flats, Grayson, Mount Savage, Olive Hill, Upper Tygart. CASEY: Liberty, Middleburg, Mintonville, Poplar Hill, Power's Store, Shermanville, Williams' Store CHRISTIAN: Bainbridge, Belleview, Bennettstown, Beverly, Casky's Station, Church Hill, Crofton, Fairview, Garrettsburg, Haley's Hill, Hopkinsville, Johnson's, Kelly, LaFayette, Longview, Newstead, Oak Grove, Pembroke, Sinking Fork, Stuart's Mill, West Fork, White Plains, Williams. CLARK: Kiddville, Pine Grove, Ruckerville, Stoner, Thomson, Vienna, Vinewood, Wade's Mill, Winchester. CLAY: Big Creek, House's Store, Laurel Creek, Manchester, Sexton's Creek. CLINTON: Albany, Brown's Cross Roads, Cumberland City, Seventy-six. CRITTENDEN: Crittenden Springs, Dycusburg, Ford's Ferry, Hurricane, Marion, Shady Grove, Westonburg. CUMBERLAND: Big Renox, Burkesville, Cloyd's Landing, Grider, Judio, Marrowbone, Peytonsburg. DAVIESS: Birk's City, Chalybeate Springs, Curdsville, Delaware, Grissom's Landing, Knottsville, Masonville, Owensborough, Pleasant Ridge, Sorghtown, Utica, West Louisville, Yelvington. EDMONSON: Bee Spring, Big Reedy, Brownsville, Dickeyville, Parish Mills, Rocky Hill Station, Sickey's Mills. ELLIOTT: Bruin, Newfoundland, Sandy Hook. ESTILL: Fitchburg, Irvine, Red River Iron Works, Winston. FAYETTE: Athens, Chilesburg, Cleveland, Lexington, Slickaway, South Elkhorn, Walnut Hill. FLEMING: Cowan, Elizaville, Ewing, Flemingsburg, Hillsborough, Johnson Junction, Mount Carmel, Oak Woods, Orange, Plummer's Landing, Plummer's Mills, Poplar Plains, Sherburne Mills, Tilton. FLOYD: Hueysville, Lanesville, Prestonburg, Martinsdale. FRANKLIN: Benson, Bridgeport, Farmdale, Forks of Elkhorn, Frankfort, Polsgrove Store. FULTON: Casey's Station, Fulton's Station, Hickman, Jordan Station. GALLATIN: Bramlette, Glencoe, Napoleon, Sparta Station, Sugar Creek, Walnut Lick, Warsaw. GARRARD: Bryantsville, Buckeye, Herrington, Hyattsville, Lancaster,Lowell, Paint Lick. GRANT: Clark's Creek, Cordova, Corinth, Crittenden, DryRidge, Elliston, Gouge's, New Eagle Mills, Stewartsville, Williamstown, Zion's Station. GRAVES: Boaz, Boydsville, Clear Spring, Dublin, FancyFarm, Farmington, Hickory Grove, Kansas, Lynnville, Lowes, Mayfield, Viola Station, Water Valley, Wingo's Station. GRAYSON: Big Clifty, Caneyville, Falls of Rough, Grantsburg, Grayson Springs, Horn's Store, Litchfield, Mayo Park, Millwood, Red Oak, Short Creek, Spring Fork, Spring Lick. GREEN: Allendale, Camp Knox, Catalpa Grove, Greensburg, Moodyville, Oceola, Summersville, Webb's. GREENUP: Duvall's Landing, Greenup, Kenton Furnace, Lynn, Russell. HANCOCK: Hancock Mines, Hawesville, Lewisport, Patesville, Pellville. HARDIN: Cecelian, Dorrett's Run, East View, Elizabethtown, Franklin's Cross Roads, Glendale, Grand View, High Up,Howe's Valley, Nolin, Red Hill, Robertsonville, Sonora, Stgephensburg, Uptonville, Vine Grove, West Point, White Mills. HARLAN: Clover Fork, Harlan, Leonard, PoorFork, Wallin's Creek. HARRISON: AntiochMills, Berry's Station, Boyd's Station, Broadwell, Claysville, Colemansville, Connersville, Curry's Run, Cynthiana, Havilandsville, Lair's Station, Leesburg, Oddville, Paxton, Robsertson's Station, Rutland, Swmithsonville, Sylvan Dell. HART: Bacon Creek, Caverna, Cub Run, Dog Creek, Grinstead's Mills, Hammonville, Hardyville, Munfordsville, Omega, Rio, Rowlett's Depot, Seymour, Three Springs, Woodsonville. HENDERSON: Bluff City, Cairo, Corydon, Genevia, Hebbardsville, Henderson, Robard's Station, Scuffletown, Smith's Mills, Spottsville, Zion. HENRY: Bethlehem, Campbellsburg, Eminence, Franklin, Harper's Ferry, Hill Spring, Jerico, Lockport, New Castle, Pendleton, Pleasureville, Port Royal, Smithfield, Spring Hill Depot, Springport, Sulphur Fork. HICKMAN: Clinton, Columbus, Moscow, Spring Hill, Wesley. HOPKINS: Ashbysburg, Dawson, Earlington, Ellwood, Hanson, Little Prairie, Madisonville, Morton's Gap, Nebo, Nortonsville, Underwood, Woodruff. JACKSON: GrayHawk, Green Hall, McKee, Middle Fork, Morriss. JEFFERSON: Anchorage, Deposit, Eden, Fairmount, Fern Creek, Fisherville, Floyd's Fork, Jefferstown, Lacona, Lyndon, Long Run, Louisville, Middleton, Newburg, O'Bannon, Orell, River View, Saint Matthews, Taylor's Station, Worthington. JESSAMINE: Hanley, Jessamine, Keene, Little Hickman, Nicholasville, Pekin, Spear's. JOHNSON: East Point, Hood's Fork, Oil Srings, Paintsville. JOSH BELL: Caliaway,Hannon, LaFontaine, Pineville, Yellow Creek. KENTON: Bank Lick, Covington, Independence, Kenton, Latonia Springs, Ludlow, Morning View, Scott, South Covington, Visalia. KNOX: Barboursville, Brafford's Store, Bryant's Store, Flat Lick, Indian Creek, Lynn Camp, Swan Pon. LARUE: Buffalo, Hodgenville, Magnolia, Mount Sherman. LAUREL: Bush's Store, Chestnut Hill, Hazle Patch, Laurel Bridge, London, Mershon's Cross Roads, Raccoon, Whippoorwill, White Lily. LAWRENCE: Blaine, Buchanan, Cherokee, George's Creek, Louisa, Lowmansville, Prosperity, Webbville. LEE: Beattyville, Old Landing, Proctor. LETCHER: Partridge, Rosedale, Whitesburg. LEWIS: Cabin Creek, Carr's, Concord, Dudley, Marine, Mouth of Laurel, Poplar Flat, Quincy, Sand Hill, Salt Lick Valley, Tollesborough, Vanceburn. LINCOLN: Bee Lick, Crab Orchard, Gilbert's Creek Station, Hall's Gap Station, Highland, Hustonville, Milledgeville, Stanford, Waynesburg. LIVINGSTON: Birdsville, Carrsville, Narrows, Salem, Smithland. LOGAN: Adairville, Auburn, Baugh's Station, Cave Spring Station, Dallam's Creek, Fillmore, Ferguson's Creek, Gordonsville, Henrysville, McLeod's Station, Olmstead, Rabbitsville, Red River Mills, Russellville, South Union. LYON: Eddyville, Eureka, Kuttawa, StarLine Works. To be continued next week. (c) Copyright 20 July 2000, All Rights Reserved, Sandra K. Gorin, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

TIP #300 - EARLY RIVER NAVIGATION IN KENTUCKY Again, this information is taken from Volume 2 of Collin's History of Kentucky. The first public ferries were established by the legislature of Virginia and included: 1. At the town of Boonesborough, Kentucky County, Virginia, across the Kentucky River. This opened in October 1779 and was under the jurisdiction of Col. Richard Callaway and his heirs as long as he so desired. 2. Across the Kentucky River at the mouth of Hickman's Creek, 1785, operated by James Hogan. 3. Across the Kentucky River at the mouth of Jack's Creek, 1785, operated by David Crews. 4. Across the Kentucky River at Stone Lick, from the land of Wm. Steele in Fayette County to the land of John Craig, Lincoln County, 1785. 5. Two ferries across the Ohio River from the lands of Col. John Campbell in Jefferson County, one to the mouth of Silver Creek and the other to the mouth of Mill run, 1785. 6. Across the Kentucky River from the lands of Gen. James Wilkinson, in the town of Frankfort, 1785. 7. Across the Kentucky River on the lands of John Curd at the mouth of Dick's River, where a town was established called New-Market, 1786. 8. Across the Cumberland River from the land of Joseph Martin to that of Wm. Hord, 1791. 9. Across the Kentucky River at the rope-walks, one mile above Frankfort, from the lands of Elijah Craig --this then called East Frankfort, 1798. Waterway laws in Kentucky was introduced to the Kentucky Legislature in 1792 with the establishment of a penalty of $2.00 for each 24 hours that any obstruction remained in a waterway that detered the passage of fish or boats - except if a dam was being built. In 1773, commissioners were appointed to rain money by subscriptions of money, labor or property which was to fund the clearing and opening of the South Fork of Licking from its mouth at Falmouth to the junction of Hinkston and Stoner, Stoner's Fork and up t the mouth of Strode's Creek. Many mills and mill dams were erected along this route. By 1794, mills and fish-dams (and other obstructions) in the Main Licking River and Slate creek were removed or the owners were penalized. The First Company chartered in Kentucky to improve navigation came December 19, 1801 and was known as the "Kentucky River Company." Stock was sold to raise the funds and the following bought shares: Franklin County - Christopher Greenup, Bennett Pemberton and Thos. Todd. Woodford County: Robert Alexander, Thos. Bullock, Wm. Steele Fayette County - Jas. Trotter, John Jordan, Thos. Wallace. Clark County -David Bullock, Robert Clark, Jr, Dillard Collins. Madison County - John Patrick, Jas. Barnett, John Wilkinson. Garrard County - John Harrison, Thos. Kennedy, Abner Baker. Mercer County - Gabriel Slaughter, Jas. Birney, Jas. Moore JessamineCounty - Wm. Price, Geo Walker, Benj. Bradshaw. Scott County - Wm. Henry, David Flournoy, Bartlett Collins. Lincoln County - Isaac Sheby, Wm. Logan, Wm. Whitney. Various other acts of Legislature covered the Red River, Green River, branches of the Green River (Mud River up to Wolf Lick fork, Pond River, Rough Creek, Drakes Creek in Warren County, mentions John Harris' mill in the latter). Surveys were taken on Rockcastle River, Cumberland River, Great South Fork of Cumberland River, South Fork of the Kentucky River, Goose Creek, Big Barren, Little River, Salt River, Falls of Salt River, Rolling Fork, Beech Fork, Little Sandy River, Big Sandy River, Licking River. An interstate canal was begun between Kentucky and Georgia under the leadership of Maj. R. P. Baker, first chief engineer of the State of Kentucky, 1835. The most complete chart I can find of the various ferries which were named for the owners/operators is the following: Ohio River: Anderson (Approximtely 7 miles from Cincinnati and 5 miles from Taylorsville, KY, Ford (about 2 miles from Weston and 3 miles from Cave-in-Rock Town) Licking River: Shaker (unknown); Clay (unknown but on the Middle Fork. Green River: Calhoun (26 miles from the mouth of the river), Clark (151 miles from the mouth, about 11 miles from Loganport). Cumberland River: Harmon (Crittenden Co), Peterson (3 miles down from last), Peterson (2 miles further), Ross (Livingston Co KY), Hosford (same), Marshall (Lyon Co), White (same), Hinson (same), Bradshaw (same), Dyker (same), Catlett (same), Boyd (same), Petty (same), Searey (Clarksville in Montgomery Co), Moseby (same), Baxter (same), Asie (same), Carey (Monroe Co), Neeley (Cumberland Co), Scott (same). This is NOT a complete list of course but those listed by Collins. (c) Copyright 13 July 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All rights reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

TIP #299: ROAD DEVELOPMENTS IN KENTUCKY For this tip, I have found information from "The History of Kentucky" by the late Lewis Collins, Volume 1. Have you ever noticed in the old deeds, county order books or road books that roads were always described as ending at the courthouse? This came from a 1748 Virginia law which required "all roads to or from the courthouse of each county, and all public mills and ferries, to be kept well cleared from woods, bushes, and other obstructions, and all roots to be well grubbed up for 30 feet wide." A later Virginia law of 1785 was still in force when Kentucky became a state in 1792 and this was used by the State of Kentucky in 1787. This provided for the opening of new roads and the alteration of former roads under surveyors appointed by the courts. All male laboring persons, 16 years old or older, were required to work the words, except those who were masters of two or more male slaves over that age, or they were fined $1.25 for each day's absence or neglect. Since there were few if no bridges, mill-dams were require to be built at least 12 feet for the passage of public roads, with bridges over the pier-head and flood-gates. Surveyors used wagons to haul timber, stone or earth for road building; and thus began the county levy. The first Kentucky road act was dated 14 Dec 1793 and Bennett Pemberton, Nathaniel Sandaers and Daniel Weisiger were appointed commissioners. They were to receive subscriptions in money, labor or property, enough to lay a road from Frankfort, Kentucky to Cincinnati, Ohio. On 12 December 1794, commissioners raised a fund for clearing a road from the Madison County courthouse (at that time in Milford) to Hazelpatch on the road leading from the Crab Orchard to Powell's Valley. This road didn't open until December 1795 when another "wagon road" was to commence near Crab Orchard and to end at the top of the Cumberland mountain "through which the present road to Virginia passes." This road opened in the summer of 1796. Turnpike roads in Kentucky (those that had toll gates) were established by law - they also had to be kept in good repair, paid for by the tolls from travelers using the road. The road? It was merely where the surveyors had been formed by throwing the earth from the sides to the center in a rounded form. No road of this style was created after 1829. Joseph Crockett was appointed to erect a turnpike on the road leading from Crab Orchard to Cumberland Gap where the road from the Madison County courthouse intersected. The turnpike was to be "farmed out" to the highest bidder who had to give bond and security. Everyone was to pay a toll except post riders, expresses, women and children under the age of 10. The charge was 12 ½ cents. Each horse, male or mule paid 3 pence; two-wheel carriages 3 shillings, four-wheel carriages $1.00 and every head of "neat" cattle going east 4 ½ cents. Leftover monies were to be retained by the road keeper. Robert Craig was the first toll-keeper of this road. By December 1801, the law read that all roads had to be 30 feet wide with the option of the county to expand this to 40 feet wide. In 1802, a road was opened from Mount Sterling or Paris to Big Sandy River "in a good direction to communicate with the Greenbrier road in Virginia which strikes the Kanawha river at Wm. Morris'". $1,000 was appropriated by the legislature21 December 1821 to improve the state road from Lexington to Nashville, TN "where the road "crosses the Rolling Fork of Salt river and over to the summit of Muldrow's Hill." Tools for the road surveyor's use was first authorized by the State December 1822 which directed the county courts of Boone, Campbell, Mason and Garrard to levy sufficient funds for this. McAdamized roads was given in the winter of 1826-7 by Gov. Jos. Desha, in his message to the legislature. It was thought that this was the only permanent type of road that would hold up in Kentucky soil. It was decided to use this technique in the road from Maysville to Louisville passing through the important towns of Paris, Lexington and Frankfort. The 2nd turnpike was erected in July of 1810 on the road from the mouth of Triplett's creek, on the Licking River to the mouth of Big Sandy. The first Lottery to be used for roads was enacted January 1811; monies to improve the Limestone road from Maysville to the south end of Washington in Mason County. Francis Taylor, Adam Beatty, John Cambers, James Chambers, James Morris, Vincent Cleseay and John Brown were impowered to raise the lottery of $5,000. The first turnpike Road Companies incorporated were those from Lexington to Louisville and from Lexington to Maysville. This charter was replaced by a second one and three new charters were granted to cover the same distance - from Lexington via Versailles toFrankfort,from Frankfort to Shelbyville, and from Shelbyville to Louisville. Charters were also granted at the same time for turnpike roads (artificial roads of stone) from Louisville to Portland and Shippingport, Lexington towards Boonesborough, Lexington to Georgetown and Georgetown toFranklin - later, in 1819, from Georgetown to Cincinnati. A branch of the national from from Zanesville, OH to Maysville KY and then through the states of Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi to New Orleans was recommended in 1828. The names or locality of all the turnpikes listed by Collins includes the following: Maysville and Lexington, 64 miles. Lexington, Danville and Lancaster, 42 miles. Lexington, Harrodsburg and Perryville, 42 miles. Lexington and Richmond, 25 miles. Lexington, Versailles and Frankfort, 27 miles. Frankfort to Shelbyville, 32 miles. (Frankfort to Hardinsville to Crab Orchard). Frankfort to Georgetown, 12 miles (Lexington to Georgetown, Georgetown to Williamstown, Williamstown to Covington). Maysfille and Gracken,11 miles. Maysville and Mount Sterling, 50 miles. Bardstown to Springfield, 18 miles. Louisville to Bardstown, 39 miles. Bardstown to Glasgow, 69 miles. Glasgow to Tennessee state line, 36 miles. Louisville, via Mouth of Salt River, to Elizabethtown, 43 miles. Elizabethtown to Bell's Tavern (now Park City in Barren Co), 49 miles. Bell's Tavern to Bowling Green, 24 miles. Bowling Green to Tennessee line, 27 miles. Logan, Todd and Christian County, 76 miles. New Market, Lebanon and Washington, 15 miles. Muldrow's Hill and Bridge, 5 miles. Versailles to Kentucky River, 12 miles. State Roads. Before 1835, these roads were ordered by the state to be reviewed or surveyed and opened, normally of the county levy or private subscription. These included (with number 2 and 3 being dirt roads): 1. Crab Orchard and Cumberland Gap 2. Owinsville and Big Sandy 3. Mountsterling and Virginia State Line. 4. Pikeville and Sounding Gap 5. Mouth of Troublesome and Sounding Gap. (c) Copyright 6 July 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com. Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

November 1878: 8th: H. C. McGee shot Jason Metcalf at Cynthiana; political quarrel. (Harrison) 10th: Edward Clark, colored, shot Henry Clark, colored, his brother, at Henderson, accidental. (Henderson) 11th: Owen Bradley stabbed Lewis Lee, colored, at Lexington; quarrel about money. (Fayette). Taylor Clarke shot James Osborne in Menifee County; old grudge. 16th: Matt Tuffes killed --- Hood with an ax near Riverton. Will Bartlett Love killed Thomas Jones in Pendleton Co., saloon quarrel. 17th: --- Berry killed at Flemingsburg. (Fleming) 18th: Rioters shot John Thompson and George Howard at Mt. Sterling. (Montgomery) 21st: Emmet Snodgrass shot Jim Bethuram at Mt. Vernon. (Rockcastle). 22nd: Thomas Parsons shot James Bryant in Spencer County; grudge. Wm. Porter shot Jas. T. Heal at Shelbyville because he was an important Witness in a horse thief case. (Shelby) 23rd: Joseph James shot --- Sanford, colored, at Uniontown. (Union). 25th: Frank Turner killed, with a knife, Samuel Todd near Williamstown, brutal murder. (Grant). 26th: Gang of outlaws shot Wm. Freeman and Daniel Freeman at Jackson; political quarrel. (Breathitt). 27th: Member of the Allen gang shot Judge I. W. Burnett at Jackson; trying to prevent the rescue of Jason Little, a murderer. (Breathitt). Mob shot Tom Little at Jackson. (Breathitt). December 1878: 1st: John Kimbrell killed his wife with a hoe in Estill Co because she wouldn't pick up potatoes. 3rd: James Tudor stabbed John Waremoth at Richmond, drunken quarrel. (Madison). 4th: --- Steffin stabbed Chancey Neil in Trimble Co; quarrel about a woman. 6th: A mob shot Jerry Little and Gambrill on Lost Creek. (Breathitt Co). 10th: Susan Randall killed her child at Harrodsburg. (Mercer). 14th: Harvey McCorn shot John Hall at Kelly's Station; private quarrel. 15th: Goddard killed Goddard, brother, in Robertson Co; quarrel. 16th: John Lillis shot Led Armstrong, boys, at Bagdad, accident. (Shelby). 19th: Jim Craig shot and cut the throat of Overton in Grayson Co; for gathering corn that Craig had attached. Charles Campbell cut James Hawkins' throat from ear to ear, at Nicholasville, Because he said the grass-widow Campbell wanted to marry had a husband. (Jessamine). 24th: Evan Vanmetre, in a difficulty at Glendale, received two slashes with a knife in the hands of an antagonist, one reaching from the right shoulder to the left hip; the other laying open the bowels. (Hardin). 25th: John Hester and Sam Ford killed Lige Short, colored, at Franklin, for threatening Hester's life. (Simpson). Wm. Collins killed Geo. Jones at Sharpsburg. Quarrel. (Bath). In an affray between John Suns and Wilson Miller, while both men were Under the influence of liquor, at Maysville, the former had his throat cut. (Mason) At Shannon, James Chanslor attempted suicide by shooting himself in the Head. He was intoxicated at the time. At Mt. Sterling, Joe Wyatt stabbed ---Gensis just below the first rib, making a Dangerous wound. (Montgomery). A Negro and a Mr. Williams got into a fight at White Plains, which the Negro Was getting the better of, when Williams son, a boy about 14 years old, came To his father's aid, and putting a pistol to the Negro's head, fired, blowing off The back of his head and killing him instantly. (Hopkins). 26th: John Smith, a Negro man, while drunk, crawled into a barn near Glendale, and when found, was frozen to death. (Hardin). Stewart Myers and the Carson brothers met at Crab Orchard, and after Exchanging angry words, drew their pistols, and commenced firing at each Other. Both sides were reinforced, and some 30 or 40 shots were exchanged, Shotguns taking a prominent part. Myers fell, his shoulder literally shot to Pieces. David Carson was also severely wounded, while a number of others Were more or less hurt. (Lincoln). 27th: At Elizabethtown, two Negroes, John Wallace and Bob Taylor, got into an altercation, during which Wallace used a pistol and put a ball into Taylor's stomach. (Hardin). This concludes the series and again, many thanks to the editor of Kentucky Explorer, Charlie Hayes, for permission to reprint this article. (c) Copyright 29 June 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com. Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios

I am sending a special post this morning to let you know that it has been announced that RootsWeb.com has been acquired by Myfamily.com, which has been known more familiarly as Ancestry.com until recently. Dr.Brian Leverich and his wife Karen Isaacson, who founded RootsWeb some years ago, have been unable to meet the financial demands required to keep RootsWeb afloat. Although millions of people have availed themselves of the services of RootsWeb, only a very small percentage have contributed toward the goal of keeping RootsWeb a small but viable sole proprietorship type of operation. Last year, RootsWeb chalked up a huge financial loss, and it has simply become impossible for them to continue on as they have done up to this point. We have been assured that nothing will change insofar as the RootsWeb services are concerned. All items will remain free, including the 19,000 mail lists served by RootsWeb, as well as all of the other services which RootsWeb has provided. There will be no change in the administrative team, with Brian and Karen still heading up the RootsWeb.com system, supported by volunteer staff. Realistically, however, I think we should be prepared, somewhere down the road, for some substantial changes to occur, since Myfamily.com is, after all, a for-profit corporation(albeit one of the better ones in the field of genealogy), and RootsWeb.com, in its current configuration, will always be a financial loss to them. Hopefully, that will be offset by the additional revenue which Myfamily.com may realize through its association with RootsWeb, and if that turns out to be the case, then the long term outlook for maintaining the status quo looks more favorable. Only time will tell. This is a for your information for this list and I will keep you informed. Sandi Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios

The following has been abstracted, by permission, from the Kentucky Explorer, Volume 15, Number 2, June, 2000, Charles Hayes, Jr., Editor and & Publisher. "A Bloody Record Over Which Lovers of Peace May Ponder." It was originally run as a newspaper article 31 Dec 1878 in the Louisville Commercial newspaper. They kept a record of all the violent deaths in Kentucky for the year 1878. I appreciate all the positive responses I have received to part one and glad that this gave many of you a definite lead to follow in your searches. I am not glorying in magnifying murder. These murders are our history whether we like it or not and the names need to be preserved as much as those who were massacred in the early settlement days by the Indians, or those killed in the various wars. My apologies to any whom this may offend. Again, I have put the county names where known. August 1878: 3rd: Wm. Gordon, Mace Gordon and J. M. Thompson shot Duane Roach near Frankfort; quarrel about election of magistrates. (Franklin). 6th: James Bowling stabbed Millard Kennedy at Grayson, because he beat him wrestling. (Carter). 10th: Unknown shot George Anderson near Leesburg. (Harrison). 12th: John C. Hiser cut Frank Gatewood (colored) at Winchester, drunk and took the Negro for a Negro he had a grudge against. (Clark). 15th: H. N. Holdsworth shot Phillip Arnold at Elizabethtown. (Hardin). 16th: Reuben H. Gale shot James Overty in Robertson County; feud about a woman. Joe O. Bailey shot Sam O. Field at Lexington; scuffle for a watermelon. (Fayette). Kid Barker shot Wm. Carl in Butler County; quarrel. 18th: Dennis Mohon shot Philip Hoog near Louisville; stealing grapes from Archbishop McCloskey. (Jefferson). 21st: Lot Walker shot Pat Nolan at Virginia Point; quarrel. 22nd: Duke Fleming killed Sarah Wright, colored, with loaded cane at Cynthiana; died the 29th. (Harrison). 26th: George, Albert, and Wm. Ratliff shot J. W. Riggs and J. W. Luttril for the rape of of Mrs. George R--- on the 22nd at Princeton. (Caldwell). Tom Reegon and B. Tweedy killed Mr. Lucinda Johnson at Elizabethtown. (Hardin). 28th: Thomas Hughes stabbed Elijah Fraley, brother-in-law, near Sandy Hook; quarrel. (Elliott). 30th: Ann Logan, colored, killed her child by drowning at Cynthiana. (Harrison). September 1878: 6th: James Drake shot Patrick Ryan near Lexington; quarrel about right-of-way over Drake's land. (Fayette). 7th: Bart Simmons shot James White in Clay County. A Negro killed John Bailey at Monticello in a quarrel over wages. (Wayne). 9th: Roderick killed near Loretto; mistaken for somebody else. (Marion). 17th: Three tramps killed Mrs. Kassender at Sterling Run. 19th: Jim Coney killed, with a stone, Henry Jenkins near Sandy Hook. (Elliott). 23rd: Robert Richardson killed Martin Harlow near Kingston; pitchfork, quarrell. (Madison). 25th: John W. Cabbell stabbed Frank J. Harrison near Lebanon; quarrel about $1.25. (Marion). 29th: John Carney killed Tom Anderson with a boulder at Covington. (Kenton). Fannie Pitman, colored, killed her child at Frankfort. (Franklin). October 1878: 1st: Del Graves stabbed Myron Potts at Lexington. (Fayette). Jerry Burnett shot Wm. C. Burnett, his nephew, at Kingston; quarrel About wagon wheels. (Madison). Martha Hedges, colored, cut with a knife a McKinney at Brush Creek; to protect her own life. (Green or Knox). Thomas Staten shot John Daniel at White Sulphur Springs. (Scott?) 3rd: Mrs. Kane shot her son at Stanford; accidental, fooling with a pistol. (Lincoln). 4th: Unknown shot Thomas Stewart and Miss Annie Stewart near Richmond. (Madison). 8th: --- Catron shot ---Lewis at Somerset; family quarrel. (Pulaski). 9th: C. C. Bronte shot Pete Hamilton in Mercer Co; quarrel about money matters. Mr. Deering was shot in Allen County. 11th: Neal stabbed Mrs. Gebhardts at Burk City; she interfered in a quarrel between Neal and her son. 12th: --- killed John Russell, colored, at Georgetown; quarrel. (Fayette or Scott). Bose Powell killed Henry Royce by stabbing near Richmond. (Madison). Dick and Alfred Stewart killed Martha Stewart near Richmond. (Madison). 14th: William Smith shot Robert Saunders near Richmond; gambling quarrel. 15th: Isaac Durham shot Alex Shipman, colored, at Harrodsburg; trying to John Redman shot Nat N. Smith near Duck Creek; quarrel about business. 19th: Jason Little killed his wife in Breathitt County. 21st: Marshall Maddox shot Henry Adams, black, trying to arrest, at Shelbyville. (Shelby). 22nd: David Yates, colored, shot Charley Wright, colored, brother-in-law, at Buffalo; quarrel. (Larue or Perry). --- Newton shot --- Chafflin at Scottsville because he ran off with his wife. (Allen). To be concluded next week. (c) Copyright 22 June 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios

The following has been abstracted, by permission, from the Kentucky Explorer, Volume 15, Number 2, June, 2000, Charles Hayes, Jr., Editor and & Publisher. I was so fascinated by this article that I contact Mr. Hayes who knows me from various articles I have contributed over the years. This is subtitled "A Bloody Record Over Which Lovers of Peace May Ponder." It was originally run as a newspaper article 31 Dec 1878 in the Louisville Commercial newspaper. They kept a record of all the violent deaths in Kentucky for the year 1878. Since so many counties and names are recorded, I thought this might help those of you would not only would enjoy it, but might find a missing relative along the way. I have added county names where possible. I have shown the wording as shown and mean no disrespect for using the word "colored". January 1878: 14th: John Robertson stabbed John Harlis in Lebanon (Marion Co.) Wife killedJohn Snow in Allen Co KY. with an axe. Dave Hall, Beaver Creek, gambling quarrel. Citizen show Louis Hall, Beaver Creek - had murdered his cousin. 16th: Henry Hufnagle, officer, shot John Welse at Covington (Kenton Co.) Mob shot Tom Tavner, colored, in Fayette Co. 22nd: Lucy Stepp, colored, shot James F. Jordan at Richmond; he clubbed her for circulating false reports. (Madison Co.) 25th: James Wolfe killed John Brooks with a rifle at Hopkinsville. (Christian Co.) February 1878: 1st: Hiram Hooper shot Obediah False at Vanceburg. (Lewis Co.) 5th: George Ballard, colored, shot John Giner, colored, at Paducah. ( McCracken Co.) 11th: Antisbrother show James Smiley at Grayson; an old grudge. (Carter). 15th: Weedon D. Gay show James Anderson at Mt. Sterling; quarrel about real estate. (Montgomery Co). 16th: Beve Oldham show Wm. Cooley in Fulton County; quarrel. 20th: George Jenkins killed Pat Gilroy at Henderson; stabbed to death because he had failed to complete a ditching contract. (Henderson Co). 21st: Joseh Frazer shot Colonel Joseph M. Harks at Lawrenceburg; quarrel. (Anderson Co.) March 1878: 5th: John Park, colored, stabbed George Franklin, colored, at Somerset; quarrel. (Pulaski Co). 12th: Mike Ely shot at Hustonville; election row. (Lincoln Co.) 15th: William Coleman, black, shot Cask Davis, colored, at Frankfort; gambling quarrel. (Franklin Co.) 25th: Clay Clelland shot Jim Turner at Salvisa; quarrel about 15 cents. (Mercer Co.) 27th: William Barnes shot John Stephens in Menifee County because Stephens accused him of intimacy with his sister and whipped him for it the night before. 29th: William Hogan mashed the skull of his child near McKinney. (Lincoln Co.) 31st: Charles Cook and William Brackett killed William Marlow and his wife near Louisville; cut off their heads and burnedthem, because they were witnesses Against him. (Jefferson Co.). April 1878: 1st: Dick Bryant, colored, stabbed Aleck Johnson at Covington for calling him names. (Kenton Co.) 2nd: Henry T. Betts shot Sanford Powell at Rogers' Gap; drunken quarrel. 3rd: Clay Clelland shot Jim Turner near Harrodsburg because he dunned him for 15 cents he owed him. (Mercer Co.) 7th: Henry Noel shot Isaiah Gabbard at Corinthville; old feud. 8th: Posse shot Thomas Michael in Breathitt County, escaping arrest. Thomas Watson and wife killed their child at Brookville. (Bracken Co. 9th: Harrison Keety stabbed James Stewart; drunken dance at Bear Creek. 10th: Charles Trust kicked his sick grandchild to death at Whitesburg. (Letcher Co.) 11th: Wm. Allen killed George Alexander in Kentucky, opposite Leavenworth, Indiana, with a fence rail, because he broke the engagement of marriage with his daughter. 15th: Luther Lee killed George Rogers with treadle at Lexington, because he talked about his wife. (Fayette Co.) 17th: Thomas Warner stabbed Daniel Warner near Bergen; quarrel about accounts. (Mercer Co.) 21st: John Shannon, policeman, shot Edward Smith, black, at Lexington for fast driving. (Fayette Co.) Thomas Eubank killed Bud Warren with a hoe in Buffalo, quarrel about Profits and sale of illicit still. (Larue Co.) Bud Warren killed Thomas Eubank with a hoe at Buffalo; quarrel about Division of profits of an illicit distillery. 26th: Mob shot Asa Roark in Allen County; revenge for act done during war. May 1878: 13th: Joe Lewis, colored, shot Joe Thompson at Sadieville. (Scott Co.). 20th: Jim Young stabbed --- Gibson at Hayden's Corner; quarrel at funeral. (Clark Co.). Colored man shot Dan Jackson, colored, at Negro festival, Herveytown. Hezekiah Hensley shot John J. Evans at Mt. Sterling, grudge. (Montgomery). 22nd: David Thornburg killed Samuel Gray in Floyd County; family feud. 24th: James Dugan shot Mary Meagher in Louisville; she was his mistress; and he was drunk. (Jefferson Co.). 25th: Enoch Wolsey, Jr., shot John Muse at Somerset for talking about him. (Pulaski Co.) 26th: Henson shot Ebenezer Renfroe at Dallas; grudge. 27th: John Corns stabbed Frank McAllister at Greenup. (Greenup Co.) Freeman Farris, colored, shot Robert Land at Lancaster; drunken quarrel. (Garrard Co.) 29th: Mattie Thurman, colored, killed her child at Harrodsburg. (Mercer Co.) 30th: M. F. Clark killed, with a hoe, Dan Switzer near Stonewall; quarrel about a team. 31st: Dannecke shot in a house of prostitution at Livingston. (Rockcastle Co.) June 1878: 4th: Asa Gordon killed Samuel Preston, with a spoke, in Clay County, because he struck him with a switch. 6th: Mrs. Andy Carlisle choked her child in Larue County. Jack Atherton threw his child on its back, breaking it; also killed his 13- Year old son with a hatchet, Larue Co. William Howard shot Ed Collins in Mason County; quarrel. 12th: H. Helton shot Edward Cox in Menifee County. 16th: Henry Hammer shot Simon Givens at Danville for calling him an insulting name (Boyle Co.) 18th: Please Overstreet, colored, stabbed Lewis Mays at Hampton. (Livingston Co.) 22nd: Wm. Hicks and Lee Arnold both shot in melee at Mt. Vernon. (Rockcastle Co.) James Bowman stabbed James Davis near Richmond, because Davis Accused him of stealing his wood. (Madison Co.) 24th: Abbott Watson cut George Willett near New Haven; quarrel. (Nelson Co.) 26th: J. Garthey, colored, stabbed David Thomas, colored, at Filmore. (Daviess Co.) July 1878: 1st: Wm. Martin shot Thomas Jones near Lexington; quarrel. (Fayette Co). 2nd: Joe Webster cut Ben Finney, colored, at Walton; Webster was on a drunken spree. (Boone Co.) 4th: Everett Lilley, 18, stabbed Thomas Lilley, 20, his brother, at Owenton; quarrel about working in tobacco. (Owen Co.) 11th: George Meece shot John R. Gardner at Stephenburg; previous quarrel. (Hardin Co.) 13th: Tom Douglas, colored, killed with an ax by his brother on Logan Creek; jealousy. Henry Priesthoff cut Joseph Flitter at Covington; quarrel. (Kenton Co.) Walter Kavanaugh, colored, stabbed John Reed at Lancaster; drunken Quarrel at a dance. (Garrard Co.) William Smith shot Nathan Douglas in Nelson County; guarrel at a Negro Dance. 14th: Jacob Doutman shot Corbin Freebuck near Cynthiana; quarrel. (Harrison Co.) 17th: Kiser brained --- Overton with a hoe in Grayson County. 24th: George Hall shot David Simpson at Mt. Sterling feud. (Montgomery Co.) 25th: Sam Lancaster, colored, stabbed James Button at LaGrange; quarrel. (Oldham Co.). Dan Morgan killed Tom Blankenship and brother near Maysville; trying To get into Morgan's establishment without paying. (Mason Co.) 26th: Wm. Farmer killed, with a rock, a German at Sulphur Springs; quarrel. (Ohio Co.) 27th: George Hume shot Hick Burns in Anderson Co.; quarrel about 95 cents. To be continued: (c) June 16 June 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, All rights reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements,Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 - E-fax (707)222-1210 - e-mail: sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html Barren Co: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kybarren/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

The prison camps are filled to capacity ... what could be done? Both Union and Confederates were forced into using an exchange program. A prisoner had to be exchanged within ten days after his capture - if no exchange was made, the prisoner was supposed to be released after he signed a pledge that he would never again take up arms against his captors until he could be formally exchanged. The prison camp officials had to trust the prisoner because many times it took months before a prisoner could be legally exchanged. While waiting for the exchange, the prisoners were supposed to be able to return home to their family or to their unit. Looked good on paper! This shortly became a problem when the soldier did not return as promised. Some of the prisoners were then sent "out west" to fight Indians. An agreement was finally reached in July of 1862 between Gen. John A. Dix and Confederate General Daniel H. Hill. It was very complex and cost the governments much money. Soldiers would often allow themselves to be captured in the hope that they would be sent home. The Confederates were forced some times to refuse parole or exchange for great periods of time. At the capture of Vicksburg, Miss. Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant paroled about 31,600 Confederate defenders of the city at one time. Two years later, at Appomattox, he paroled the 28,231 members of Lee's Army of Northern Virginia-and they were never exchanged. The basis of exchange was as follows: 1 general = 46 privates 1 major general = 40 privates 1 brigadier general = 20 privates 1 colonel = 15 privates 1 lieutenant colonel = 10 privates 1 major = 8 privates 1 captain = 6 privates 1 lieutenant = 4 privates 1 noncommissioned officer = 2 privates The Union and Confederacy occasionally held prisoners of war as hostages sentenced to death in retaliation for some action taken by the other side. This happened when, at the beginning of the war, the Confederates, including Jefferson Davis and Savannah were captured, and the United States sentenced the officers and crew to be executed for piracy. The Confederacy struck back in retaliation selecting the same number of Union prisoners, all high ranking officers from Castle Pinckney prison in Charleston Harbor, and placed them in confinement, sentenced to death. When two Rebel officers in Kentucky were executed by federal forces for spying, the Confederate government chose two Union officers from Libby Prison and sentenced them to the same fate. The United States promptly notified Richmond that it held Confederate General Robert E. Lee's son, General W.H.F."Rooney" Lee, prisoner and would hang him if the sentence against the Libby prisoners was carried out. Union officials stopped the program in 1864 which resulted in overcrowding and the most miserable conditions for prisoners of war. Disease, hunger, and overexposure killed many prisoners. About 194,000 Union soldiers were held prisoner of whom 22,576 died; about 214,000 Confederates were held in Northern prisons and 26,436 died. They were buried where they died, far from their homes and family. In Sumter County, Ga., Andersonville, on some days more than 100 men were buried in trenches there. Andersonville was established as a national cemetery in 1865, and today white stone markers in painfully long rows mark the almost 13,000 graves of prisoners who died there, joined by almost 3,000 newer graves of veterans. Elmira Prison in New York was a death sentence for 2,917 Confederates. An ex-slave was paid to bury the dead prisoners in a 2.5 acre cemetery. In 1877 it was renamed "Woodlawn Cemetery." Camp Chase's cemetery, "The City of the Dead," holds the remains of 2,260 Confederate soldiers. (c) Copyright 8 June 2000, Sandra K. Gorin, all rights reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements,Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 - E-fax (707)222-1210 - e-mail: sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html Barren Co: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kybarren/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl

TIP #294 - PRISONER OF WAR CAMPS - PART 2: OHIO STATE PENITENTIARY, Columbus, OH Date Opened: July 30 1863 as prisoner of war camp Prisoners: Confederate, including John Hunt Morgan and 30 of his men. Size: 3 story stone building, barred windows and doors on cell blocks. Conditions: No visitors, heads shaved, convict clothes, bread and water diet. Deaths: Morgan and six of his officers escaped. No record shown on deaths. OLD CAPITOL PRISON, Washington, D. C. Date Opened: Not shown. Prisoners: North and South, spies. Size: Not shown Conditions: Old and dilapidated, high fences, ironed bars added. Deaths: Not shown, many hangings. POINT LOOKOUT, MD. Peninsula where Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay. Date Opened: 1 August 1863 Prisoners: Confederate?, enlisted men Size: 2 buildings, one covering 10 acres and one 30 acres, 15 foot highfence. Conditions: Overcrowded tents, no protection from the weather. Rats eaten to survive. Scarcity of water, much pollution. Contention between prisoners and guards. Deaths: Not reported CASTLE THUNDER: Unable to find location. Date Opened: Not shown - 1863. After Richmond fell 1865, Union troops used. Prisoners: Union, political prisoners, spies and those charged with treason. Size and Description: Converted tobacco warehouse. Conditions: Greatly feared by all. Brutality well known. ROCK ISLAND: Island in the Mississippi River between Davenport, IA and Rock Island, IL Date Opened: Not shown. Prisoners: Confederate. Size and Description: Shanties. Conditions: Horrid sanitation, inadequate water supply and poor drainage, smallpox. 5,000 prisoners there in December 1863. Deaths: Over 600 within three months. Total estimated at 1,960 prisoners and 171 guards. SALISBURY PRISON: Salisbury, North Carolina Date Opened as Camp: 2 Nov 1861 Prisoners: Union, deserters, spies and Southerners deemed disloyal. Size and Description: Abandoned cotton factory. Located near rail line, included brick factory and boarding houses. Conditions: Fresh water, well fed. Board fence. Over 2000 prisoners in early 1864; by Oct 1864, 10,000 prisoners. Had to put in tents, mud huts or holes in the ground. Death: Only one reported but camp deteriorated into a sanitation nightmare. See: http://www.ohiohistory.org/resource/database/civilwar.html To be continued next week with a look at prisoner exchanges and other events surrounding these camps. (c) Copyright 1 June 2000, Sandra K.Gorin. All rights reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements,Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 - E-fax (707)222-1210 - e-mail: sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Member: Glasgow-Barren Co Chamber of Commerce Publishing: http://members.delphi.com/gorin1/index.html Barren Co: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kybarren/ TIPS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Tips KYBIOS: http://cgi.rootsweb.com/~genbbs/genbbs.cgi/USA/Ky/Bios ARCHIVES: http://searches.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/listsearch.pl