Again, I recommend you check out my previous tips on land acquisition in early Kentucky but as a little refresher course, here is a little more of a run-down. You are at the county court house and want to find a deed. Where do you look first? In most county clerk offices, you will find index books for the deeds and it surely saves a lot of hauling of those 500 pound books off the shelf! Well, perhaps I exaggerate a tad, but as most of you know, they are heavy and get heavier all the time. If the deed books are indexed, you will likely find two separate set of indexes - grantor and grantee. The grantor is the person granting the land (selling) and the grantee is he who is receiving the land. You need to check both of them. The index book will show a shorthand version with the grantor's name, the grantees name, the date, where the land was located, and a reference to the deed book where the actual deed is to be found. Different types of transactions were recorded in the deed books including the following: Deed of Sale: This is also called an indenture, the form used to transfer property (normally land). They could also be transferring live stock, slaves, household goods. Deeds of Gift: It's easy to spot these, they normally were very flowery and started with the expression - "for the love and affection". This is a signal that possibly the grantor is related to the grantee - a married daughter, a close relative. The "consideration" which is the money that was paid for the land or item will be very minimal, normally $1.00. Mortgage Sales: These are recognized if the words "Deed of Mortgage" is used. But, they might not have Included those words and you have to read the deed closely to see if it is in fact. Look for wording such As: "if John Smith (party A) pays John Jones (party B) a stated amount of money by a specific date, then it is null and void." It is not a permanent sale of land or goods, but a mortgage and the land is being used as collateral. Strawman Sales: These are identified easily when they occur on the same day - Smith sells to Jones and Jones sells to Adams - all on the same day. It is simply a way for the parties to eliminate a legal restriction that might have been in the original instrument. Here's the way it works: Smith sells to Jones, Jones sells to Adams or back to Smith. Jones here is the middle man - normally a trusted relative or friend who is just the go-between. This was used in several instances, one being when two people owned the land together and one of them wanted to sell his portion to the other. Estate settlements: These are sales from heirs of a deceased family member to other family members or an outside individual. Sometimes you will find estate settlements in the wills themselves, or in the probate records and they are not recorded in the deed books. I have given definitions to some of the terms used in the land transactions and will again refer you back to previous tips for this. Here are some additional ones, as provided by my friend and expert, Bill Utterback: Call: the feature, measurement or landmark noted as the starting part or a leg of the land. In Kentucky, items such as trees, stones, slashes on a tree, etc. were used to mark the boundaries. Corner: This is of course where the line changed direction. POB: Point of beginning ... where the surveyors start measuring off the land. Dower: As you know, the widow received her dower in the land, 1/3rd. Escheat: this is land that reverted back to the government or to the estate due to the fact that the man left no heirs. Grant: Transfer of the title of the property by the governing body to the very first owner of the land. Also known as the Patent. Quitclaim deed: Gives up any claim on the property but does not guarantee that the title if clear from any other claim. Warrant: An order by a government body authorizing the action. Normally this meant an order allowing a surveyor to survey the land for an individual in preparation for the issuance of a grant. Your homework assignment <grin> is to click on the bottom URL in my signature line, then on that link click on researching. This will take you to the previous tips and scan for further information. (c) Copyright 14 March 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

So many of you wrote and requested information on how to trace land, where land documents are located, etc. etc. .... although I shudder in my boots to write on the subject due to its complex nature, I'm going to give it a try. I'm asking that you go back and check my precious tips again - I have done several tips on this. If you'll click on the bottom URL in my message, then click on Research, you will go to the page where all my previous 381 tips are housed. I think this will help a lot. But - here's a little more. First of all, I am not an expert on the subject and it's easy to forget if you don't work with the topic daily. I owe a great debt of gratitude to Bill Utterback who has allowed me access to many of his materials also. In this tip, I'm going to cover the bounty lands. These were lands given outright by the states - or later, the federal government - as a partial payment for service in times of war. Sometimes free land was given as a "teaser" by the government to encourage men to volunteer in times of war. They were issued from the colonial period up until about 1858. The program was discontinued and by 1861, the right to take possession of bounty lands ceased. During the 80 years that this program ran, there were many different "acts" controlling bounty land warrants. The Congressional Act of September 1776 was a way to get young men to enroll in the Continental Army. It gave from 100-150 acres of land, and this was based, as I have explained before, on the rank reached in the Army. Most of the bounty lands were awarded in Virginia; most of the soldiers came from there; and the original bounty lands were located between the Mississippi, Ohio and Green Rivers in what later became our wonderful state of Kentucky. But, more land was needed so the Virginia Military Tract was established in the State of Ohio. Continental soldiers from Virginia were the only ones allowed to settle the Ohio lands. (Remember, Virginia was a much bigger state at this time, we weren't formed until 1792); state soldiers were allowed to settle the lands in Kentucky. State bounty lands were almost always governed by that particular state; federal bounty lands were established in districts and some federal land states. The Congressional Military Tract cited above was established in 1796 in Ohio and set apart in five square mile townships. A quarter-township was 400 acres and was the minimum that could be purchased or "redeemed" as they called it. Federal bounty lands were 160 acres only. This caused a problem for claimants; they often had to go together as a group to redeem such a high acreage. By the year 1800, 100 acres were being offered. During the War of 1812, the bounty land inducement came into being again to encourage enlistment. Congress then created three new military districts for the soldiers. One of the districts was in Illinois; one in Michigan and in what is now Arkansas (then in Louisiana). Land in Missouri were later substituted for the lands in Michigan; the land in Michigan was considered undesirable. Where can the genealogist find out if his ancestor receive bounty lands. This list is courtesy of Bill Utterback (save me a lot of looking!). The most comprehensive is National Archives, Record 15, Federal Bounty Land Applications. Dates covered are from the Revolutionary War to the year 1917. In it are pension files, bounty land records, applications for the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, Mexican War and some case files 1814-18567. Thousands of bounty land applications were burned in a fire from 1789-1800. The original documents are likely lost, but some abstracted information exists. (Note the date of 1912 - claims, law suits, etc. were still being conducted up until this date!) Index of Revolutionary War Pension Applications in the National Archives, National Genealogical Society and Genealogical Abstracts of Revolutionary War Pension Files by Virginia White are also extremely helpful. National Archives, Record Group 49 contains warrants issued under each act, treasury certificates, exchange certificates, scrip records, etc. (Scrip was paper certificates that could be used in land offices in exchange for Virginia military bounty land warrants. The Federal Land Series by Clifford Neal Smith is an excellent reference source. Index for Federal Land Entries, circa 1802-1849, purchased by the Ohio Historical Society is useful for those searching in Ohio. Bounty land was a monstrous project and quite complicated. Warrants could be assigned by the original applicant, but the original applicant had to apply for the warrant before he could assign it to someone else. Businesses grew up just to handle the process. Next week I'll look at some of the terminology again before you head off to the county clerk's office. I'll cover what's in a deed book, what are deeds of gift, a Deed of sale, what's a grantor and grantee, a mortgage sale, a strawman sale and more. (c) Copyright 7 March 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP#381: THE POOR MAN'S GUIDE FOR PRESERVING YOUR FAMLY PHOTOS I call the tip "The Poor Man's Guide" because there are a lot of us on limited incomes who can't afford the high tech goodies but who might have a scanner. It's not an in-depth tip but just a thought. It all started with an email from one of my daughters a couple of weeks ago. Both my daughters were well trained to appreciate genealogy, especially their own family history. I truly believe that they thought it was perfectly normal for Moms to come equipped with a keyboard stuck at the end of their fingers and that all children grew up in musty county clerk's vaults, quiet libraries and tromping around cemeteries. Thankfully, someone along the process they began to have a deep appreciation of their family and history. Now, my daughters are grown and the seed has matured in varying depths in both of them. My youngest simply asked "Mom, how many pictures do you have of our family? Well, I had been promising myself to get my photos organized anyway and now seemed as good a time as ever. I started going through boxes and photo albums of old, faded, torn photos going back to almost the invention of the camera it seemed. Ugly relatives, handsome relatives. Screaming children; women who looked twice their age holding babies that were not at all pleased. Gallant young men in Civil War uniform or World War II uniforms, an aged couple sitting so prim and proper. Some, thankfully, had information written on the back. But, oh the process of trying to determine who all those squirming children were - when the picture was taken - where was it taken? Finally, most were catalogued and I promised myself anew that with every roll of film I shoot, information will be included immediately! Then I realized I was missing a lot of pictures. A phone call to my 80's something Mom got her digging through all her boxes and albums. Soon old photos were strewn all over her kitchen table and she repeated my process. She found pictures of relatives that I had not seen since I was a mere little girl. Some triggered a memory, however faint, of times gone past. Some were not remembered and we had to know who they were - were they friends, relatives, gangsters who had just escaped and run in front of the camera with the police in hot pursuit? Next step. I called my aunt in Arizona, she was the one who taught me how to do genealogy in the first place. Well, again, I caused boxes and books of photos to be brought out all over the table, couch, bed - more sorting. My aunt is the most organized of the clan; she labels every picture and recognizes every relative on site. Emails flew as I looked at my photos and tried to describe what the individual looked like; useless. Enter the scanner. Nice little invention! My uncle and I were shortly scanning the old photos and sending them back and forth, with copies to my daughter at her home. Bingo ... faded images became real people again! That day faded into the next and the next and finally we exhausted all the photos (for now at least!) Suddenly I had a brainstorm, a relatively inexpensive brainstorm. As I looked at all the photos in my possession, and those of my Mom's and aunt and uncles, I realized that I would like to have them all restored and bring back that smile on my beautiful Grandmother Pyle's face - I wanted to see the twinkle in her eye that I remembered as a little girl of 9 before she died so young. And, I knew I couldn't afford to go to a photo restorer and have each picture remade. So, I did the next best thing and went to the local Wal Mart store and purchased a couple of packages of Kodak (c) glossy photo paper. It ran about $6.98 for twenty sheets. I also bought a 16 x 20 frame that allowed placement of 30 photos in a collage format. I loaded up my program; I have Adobe (c) and quickly tried to learn how to use it (thanks to a lot of coaching from my daughters!). I learned how to sharpen the picture, eliminate a few creases and spots on the film by using the eraser and other tools (and I have a LOT to learn!), sizing the photo so it wouldn't eat up all the memory in my computer) and printed it off on photo paper. Mercy! It was gorgeous. There was Papa (don't laugh, that's what I called my Grandmother), smiling proudly at her graduation! There was Dr. Patterson from Adair Co KY (my only Kentucky family) looking proudly at his bride. I printed, edited, cut, taped and within a couple of days came up with a beautiful (to me at least!) collage of all my family back to my great-great-great grandparents. There were baby pictures, wedding pictures, graduation pictures - all neatly lined up with each generation leading to the next and to the next down to me and then my precious daughters and their beloveds. Only one picture was missing and one I am earnestly searching for it. My Dad's father died when my Dad was three years old in 1916. All of Dad's sisters and he are deceased except one, and no one ever had a picture of their father. When I learned of a cousin of mine I never knew about in Florida, I hunted all day for a phone number or email address as I had met her late brother and knew he was "into genealogy". I finally reached her and am parked by my mail box as she thought she might have a small snapshot of him that was in her brother's belongings. All of his genealogy had disappeared after his death except a small shoe box with some photos and a small drawer full of papers. All we know is that Grandpa Laughery was short (we're all tall), had dark hair and dark eyes. The collage will not be complete until I find someone who might have a tiny photo of my Grandpa. So, after all my ramblings, I come to the point. If you have a lot of old family photos: 1 - identify them while the brain still have some cells left! 2 - either have them professionally reproduced if you can afford this or 3 - scan them on the computer and save them on disk. I have a zip drive finally and zip disks hold so much more information. Anywhere you can - save them digitally. 4 - Make a copy of that disk for your children or family. Label it something like "Save this disk under penalty of death if you re-use it for a video game" or something! Get their attention. 5 - Experiment printing off the pictures - either on regular paper for a photo film. Put them with the old picture or in a picture frame - display those people - you're carrying their genes! 6 - Invest in some acid free storage containers for photos. It's a miracle any of our pictures have survived this long; help them last another generation or so! The alternative of course to scanning your photos is to go to a print shop that has a good photocopy machine and have them copied but it's fun to try it yourself! It might not seem important now, but if you are fortunate enough to have passed the genealogy gene on to any of your children, maybe someday, somewhere, that gene will become dominate and they'll call you and ask "Mom, do you have any old pictures of our family?" (c) Copyright 28 February 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

I recently asked for suggestions from my readers as to what was giving them the hardest time in their family research and I received some wonderful questions. Sorry to say, it's not my purpose on this list to do personal research on particular names - this is just a place where I hopefully can give you a little insight into your research and feed you some ideas of how to make it more logical or easy. It doesn't always work - we all have family that must have had ESP and disappeared every time a county or state official came down the road; or suffered from terrible memory loss in naming off their children and their ages; or lost everything of importance to us - Bibles, marriage licenses, discharge papers ... In this tip, I'm going to just throw out a few miscellaneous thoughts. Many of your questions have dealt with tips I've made in the past and it would help if you did a quick review of them sometime this week. But, as a little recap! COURTESY When you're working on line and lo and behold, there is a long lost cousin, or possible kin, who has sent in a query about the same person you're looking for it is celebration time. You compose a wonderful and likely too lengthy reply and send them 30 years of your research. Then you wait, and wait and wait. The next time you browse around, there's all your research on their website with no indication that you had sent it to them. It instead looks like they had all done that research on their own. You write them, kindly DEMANDING they give you credit for your work and suddenly "you don't have mail!" 1 - if you have been helped by someone, either by the old snail mail or on the web - write them and thank them. After a few times of a person's "grabbing and running" with their information, your name will go on a lot of lists - the "not to be trusted" list that is. 2 - if you've received information, ASK if it can be put on your web site or in your records and then give them total credit. List their address, email address, everything that will let other readers know that this is not your material. 3 - if you write for information from others, please, please, please, don't give them the "whole ball of wax" at the same time. There is nothing more discouraging to me than to have a query sent me and have paragraph after paragraph of family history followed by ten pages of queries. I will immediately put this request at the bottom of my to-do list! I have been forced to put the following statement on many of my posts as a historian: "I have no connection and no further information." But still, some will write thinking me their long lost cousin. 4 - if you send a query for a look-up from a volunteer for a certain county, please DO NOT say any of the following: " I THINK he was in your county, but don't know for sure." "I don't exactly when he might have been there.": "His name was something like Swartzeneiger or Snoozelman." "Give me ALL you have on this family." "Would you look up the following...?" (followed by the name of every courthouse book in the county!) 5 - Even if the person can not help you, say THANK YOU!!!! Remember what your Mommy said about please and thank you? ORGANIZATION You're on the way to the courthouse in a distant county or state. You're so excited you're afraid to have breakfast, your stomach is in a stir since you've been waiting for ten years to go here and your spouse finally agreed to humor you. You grab your purse/satchel and dash in the courthouse/library/county office/ fill in the blank. And then your mind goes blank. Books, everywhere books? Files ... people ... microfilm readers ... people lined up at the copy machine ... You sink into the nearest chair and try to re-grasp your sanity. What was I looking for? Where are my notes? What date was that? Oh mercy! You end up spending the entire cherished time there running around like the proverbial "chicken with it's head off" and not getting to do much of anything profitable. Get organized! Voice of experience speaking. WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU: 1 - Plenty of pencils. Many libraries and other repositories will not allow pens. 2 - Plenty of paper. Spiral notebooks are the handiest ... you won't lose the pages or forget to number them. 3 - Plenty of change. Many larger libraries issue temporary "credit cards" now. You pay up front and it allows the user to make a specified number of copies. If you run out, you have to get another card. Clerks and librarians who do not use this card system just LOVE to be interrupted in their work for people asking for change for the copy machine. NOT! 4 - Take a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the "layout of the land." It's worth it in the long run. Check for index books, vertical files, state and county records ... you won't look like an out-of- towner crazy genealogist! 5 - Check copy costs FIRST!!! I found this out the hard way after working in our own county which charges 25 cents a copy - or a major library which charges 10 cents a copy. I was madly having copies made only to find out that the fee was $10.00 per document in this county. 6 - Check to see if you can make your own copies or if you have to have an employee make the copies for you. 7 - Check to see if you can bring in a lap top computer or copier before hand. This will save you a lot of lugging goodies around if there is a rule against it. 8 - Take good notes. Don't do as I do and get in such a hurry (that closing time comes too fast) that you note down all the information, and then don't say where you found it. Ask me about libraries in Springfield, IL, St Louis, MO, Tucson, AZ and Dallas, TX. No way to go back, no memory of where of those states I found the information and the source. 9 - You might consider designing a little form and having copies run. You can put fill in the blank columns showing location (library, clerk's office, etc), date you researched it, name of individual found, name, author and publisher of written source. Take blank family sheets or pedigree charts with you if you find a lot of information on a particular family. Blank census forms help when reading microfilm; you can enter the families nearby who might turn out to be relatives. 10 - Do NOT mark on the original records. If you find an error in someone's transcription (John Smith did NOT marry Abagail Jones!). I write down the correction on a separate piece of paper, add my name, address and phone number. I take it and the book to the clerk/librarian and ask if I can leave this in the source. WHAT TO LOOK FOR DURING YOUR VISIT. A large library or a busy clerk's office can leave our head in a spin. Here are a few things to look for at various locations. COUNTY CLERK'S OFFICE: Normally, they have: 1 - Marriages 2 - Wills 3 - Deeds 4 - Indentures to Apprenticeship 5 - Mortgages 6 - Inventories and estates 7 - Order books 8 - Guardianship bonds They may or may not have the above depending if their records are intact and they may have more. Check my previous tips on the holdings of each county office. CIRCUIT CLERK'S OFFICE: 1 - divorces 2 - any law suits Again - check my previous tips. Many courthouses are old and crowded and older records are being transferred to Frankfort. LIBRARIES: 1 - Vertical files - i.e., file cabinets. May contain a wealth of information on the town, county, state, family sheets submitted, maps. 2 - Holdings of the local historical society. Most historical societies donate copies of their books to the library which might include marriages, deaths, funeral home records, family histories, history of the county, deeds ... 3 - Microfilm holdings. Newspapers, census records, indexes of county records -old family books. This is a "once over easy" look at a few general topics that I was asked to share. The last step is the hardest. 1 - Take a deep breath 2 - Be sure before leaving home that you have all the necessities 3 - Drive carefully 4 - Park legally 5 - Walk in the door 6 - Shout Eureka! 7 - Calmly start working the records as if you'd done this all of your life! (c) 21 February 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

You never get more than one post a week but had a brainstorm in my flu wracked brain. I am always on the look-out for researching tips that will HELP YOU! I am NOT an expert, and don't have all the answers, but I look and learn quickly. Is there something you are confused about in KY? Something you don't understand? Don't know what else to do? Just find interesting? If so, throw your ideas at me. You'll have to write me directly as this is a closed list - your replies to the list will bounce right back to you. There are way over 5,000 of you out there ... what can I help you with? Write me at sgorin@glasgow-ky.com and I'll try my best! Thanks for all the wonderful birthday wishes and cards - they mean an awful lot! Sandi Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

There will be no post this week 'cause It's my birthday I have the flu! See you next week, promise! Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP #379 - COPPERHEADS When one hears the word "copperhead", if you are like me, you starting moving slowly away. Having a fierce hatred of snakes of any sort (although I know they are helpful and needed!), when a gentleman wrote me about the copperheads of the Civil War, I was intrigued. Did the soldiers have trouble with snakes along with everything else? Copperheads were also known as "Peace Democrats" and "Peace Republicans" and although the majority of the Copperheads were based in midwest states, it did effect Kentucky with two of its native sons, Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis. Abraham Lincoln, who was born in our beautiful state was elected the 16th President of the United States as a Republican, based at least partially on the fact that the Democratic party had shredded itself into two division and didn't have the strength to come together and fight his election. The North was the home of the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats. They certainly agreed on one point - they didn't like the way the Republicans and its leader was running the war. The War Democrats did however support the fight to save the Union. In contrast, the Peace Democrats opposed the war entirely; they wanted a negotiated peace resulting in an independent Confederacy. Peace Democrats were found primarily in Ohio, Illinois and Indiana but their feelings spread throughout the north. It was not long, in 1861, that the antiwar Democrats were being called "copperheads" by the Republicans, and yes, the reference to the snake was quite evident. In 1863, the Peace Democrats had fairly well accepted their designation and became quite proud of it. It is said they pinned copper coins on their vests; the copper penny bore the image of Liberty. The most famous of the Copperheads was Democratic Congressman Clement L. Vallandigham who decided to introduce a bill calling for the imprisonment of President Lincoln and other Democrats. His list was large and included editors, politicians, antiwar activists, judges. Many were arrested without a trial under the orders of President Lincoln and Secretary of War Stanton. The gloves were off and the fight begun; this was considered un-American. Copperheads became a term for Northern sympathizers to the South. This led to the formation of an organization named the: Knights of the Golden Circle The Knights of the Golden Circle was an extremely secret organization; it's members Copperheads. The Knights were quite active in Texas but the order spread to Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky. The majority of members were "Peace Democrats" who accused the government of becoming a tyranny. After a reorganization in 1864, the Knights of the Golden Circle became the Order of American Knights and, in 1864, the Order of the Sons of Liberty. Supreme Commander Clement L Vallandingham was at its head. Its radical members discouraged enlisting in the services, resisting the draft and shielding deserters. It was reported in some Southern newspapers that this would swell the ranks of John Hunt Morgan and his 1863 raids in Kentucky, Indiana and Ohio. However, with more and more Union victories in the Civil War, the organization soon dissolved. (c) Copyright 06 February 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sogrin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

This tip is presented with permission of the author. It is not to be republished without his authorization. I have obtained permission to run this as a tip on KYRESEARCH and in our South Central Kentucky Historical and Genealogical Society quarterly, "Traces". Thank you. TIP #378 - CLEANING MOTHER'S HOUSE. This is not only a tip, it is a warning to all of us. The author of the article, which appeared on ancestry.com (see credits below) graciously consented to allow me to use this on the KYRESEARCH list and I am very greatful! Michael John Neill has done us all a great favor! Cleaning Mother's House - Michael John Neill It has been nearly a year since fictional genealogist Barbara passed away. Her daughter Charlene reflects upon that year in a letter to her friend Karen. Charlene truly has been busy. Barbara is probably rolling over in her grave. Karen, As usual, my cards are late. It has been a busy year. We spent much of the year settling up Mother's estate. The house sold well, but cleaning it took longer than we expected. You are probably the only person who did not know Mother was a genealogy buff. She told practically every human she encountered. I'm convinced that genealogy "nut" was the most accurate phrase. The stuff was all over the house. The inheritance would have been enough to pay for my new Mercedes had she not insisted on spending money on that blasted hobby. I don't know why she couldn't be more like Tom's mother. Nadine spends her day doing needlepoint and watching reruns of 50s television shows. Tom just does not realize how lucky he is, but men never do. My mother had to run off to cemeteries and courthouses. She even went to a conference in Davenport, Iowa, last year! Can you imagine? Davenport, Iowa! After she got back, she was so excited about all that she had learned and all the fun she had. She was planning on going to another one in California this year. Well the grim reaper took care of that. Because of my promotion to head of knick knack sales at Garbageforless.com, I had not been home for several years. I was appalled to learn that Mother had converted my old bedroom into her family history "headquarters." My shelves of Teen Beat and other magazines documenting my adolescence had been replaced with old family photographs, copies of old documents, and something called family group sheets. She even got rid of the pants I wore to my first junior high dance. I cried at the thought. I could not bear to go in the room and be reminded that my childhood had been stripped from me and replaced with an obsession with the past. I told the children that if they would clean the room and prepare the items for the garage (should I say "garbage"?) sale they could have the proceeds. I learned what true entrepreneurs they are. Kenny stripped Mother's hard drive in under ten minutes. I kept hearing him say "GedCom is GedGone . . . GedCom is GedGone . . ." I have no idea what it meant, but the computer fetched a good price. Before he unplugged the computer, he erased all Mom's floppy disks and downloaded public domain games. He sold these at a nominal price. Susan took the old photographs to a flea market and was able to sell many of them. Some special labels had to be taken off and we had to take them out of protective envelopes. Mother had written the names on the back of many of them. At least none of those pictures of depressing old dead people had our last name written on them. I don't want to be associated with such sour people. Mother had some type of old plat book -- whatever that is. Kenny tore out the pages individually and sold them separately on Ebay. It was so clever. His dad said he got much more than if he had left the book in one piece. Susan didn't tear the bibles apart though. I thought that showed tremendously good sense. She's learning that not everything can be marketed in the same way. The 1790 bible brought her a good penny, but she couldn't get the one from 1900 to bring more than fifty cents. She donated it to a local church, and here is where I am so proud of her. We can write if off as a charitable deduction. Someone had written what they had paid for the bible on the back cover. Susan converted that to 2001 dollars and will use that for our tax deduction amount. I've already enrolled Susan in tax lawyer summer camp this coming August. There was some old large certificate of written on heavy paper. The silly thing wasn't even in English, so why would Mother keep it? Kenny used the other side to keep track of the things he had sold. Waste not, want not. When we were finished we put the paper in the recycling bin. The kids put an old wedding dress from the 1870s in the washer to get the stains out. It was terribly filthy. The worthless thing didn't even survive the extra long cycle and the half-gallon of bleach. It's doubtful we can even use it for cleaning rags. The dress was in some kind of old trunk. I'm not certain what it was for, but it had a name stenciled on the front in huge letters along with the name of a town. Susan gave it a good coating of red paint and sold it as a toy box. The filing cabinets were emptied of their contents, as were the three shelves of binders. Kenny got the bright idea to shred the paper and sell it in bags as New Year's confetti. The file folders were too heavy to shred. The baby did not react well to any of this. She cried and fussed almost the entire time. Kenny thought she wanted tea, which made no sense to me at all. As she cried, it sounded like she was saying "family tee." She can't even talk yet and I think Kenny was hearing things. The baby does look exactly like my mother though, it's the oddest thing. The fussing didn't stop until she spit up an entire bottle of strained prunes on my junior high jeans, which we did find in the basement. They were ruined -- it was the one real loss. Now my past has really been taken from me -- magazines and all. Charlene Whether you have a child like Charlene or not, have you thought about what might happen to your genealogy collection upon your demise? NOTE: Michael John Neill, is the Course I Coordinator at the Genealogical Institute of Mid America (GIMA) held annually in Springfield, Illinois, and is also on the faculty of Carl Sandburg College in Galesburg, Illinois. Michael is the Web columnist for the FGS FORUM and is on the editorial board of the Illinois State Genealogical Society Quarterly. He conducts seminars and lectures on a wide variety of genealogical and computer topics and contributes to several genealogical publications, including Ancestry and Genealogical Computing. You can e-mail him at: mneill@asc.csc.cc.il.us or visit his Web site at: www.rootdig.com/, but he regrets that he is unable to assist with personal research. All use and access to Ancestry.com subject to license Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP #377 - THE ENGAGEMENT, WEDDING AND HONEYMOON Are you exhausted yet? At times we have felt sorry for the bride to be while the groom had so little to do during courtship; yet, in the upper society circles, she comes across as rather spoiled. We're getting down to the final stages of courtship now - the engagement. The young lady has learned all she can, done everything proper, never gone out without her mother (or another chaperone) in tow. The family has been negotiating the financial terms of the marriage, her girl friends have been gossiping, giggling and planning events. Another small detail. As detailed before, the social status of both parties was very important. So was their family tree. Heavens, we must not have a skeleton in the closet anyplace! Even politics played its part; it would not look proper for an up and coming young man who might seek his fame and fortune in the pursuit of a political career to marry one of opposite views! So what else is left to do? Well, parental approval. It is conceivable that his family has not met hers or vice versa so this must be accomplished. As is still done today (thankfully sometimes!), the father was asked for his daughter's hand in marriage, after being sure she would say yes (when did they have time to talk privately to find out?) If the proposed groom was too shy to ask her father, he would write him a perfectly phrased letter. Sometimes, as a tease, the girl would act really surprised when informed by her father than the young man wanted to marry her and swoon! Decisions were not rapidly made. Papa didn't jump to his feet and rush the young man into his arms and say "Welcome son!". He had to think about it and if approving, another time was allowed before announcing the engagement until all the friends and family were informed. This allowed the couple to break the engagement before the entire social circle knew about it, saving face. Poor Mother Chaperone wasn't off the hook yet. Her next step was to plan and host a large engagement party. It was important that everything went absolutely perfectly as this was the introduction of the finance to his bride's family. No one wanted any embarrassing moments! Then likely Mama hosted a formal dinner later in the day or shortly thereafter. The same thing was repeated again when the bride was introduced to his family. I would imagine that the potential mother-in-law was quite observant of the girl's manners, poise, intellect and beauty. Next came the formal announcement to the rest of the family and friends, sometimes by letters as families were beginning to spread out from their home area. Is Mama finally done? Oh, no, she had to be the one to write the wonderful news to the oldest members of each family. And - engagements were normally from 6 months to two years in length - everyone on their best behavior the entire time. And, yes, finally, he bought her a ring. Engagement rings were of various styles; sometimes just a simple band, sometimes with their initials on the band, sometimes in the form of a "love knot." The woman would give the groom to be a ring too, but it was not a requirement. Finally, at last, the rules were eased a bit and they could actually be together alone! They could actually hold hands, walk side by side; he could put his arm around her waist and the chaperone finally retired to an old folk's home! Nothing was said if the couple were seen exchanging a brief kiss even. But come dark and they had to separate or not be side by side at parties. We pray that this couple will find wedded bliss because a broken engagement could ruin a lady's reputation. A man was thought the total cad if he broke the engagement because of the embarrassment it would cause the lady. In addition, the law might be called in for "breach of promise" with the party breaking the engagement being sometimes liable for the costs of the upcoming wedding. The Wedding! Nothing was simple during the Victorian Age it appears. The BIG day was soon to arrive and Mama could take to her proper rocking chair. This was the goal of every Victorian Age young lady and the answer to prayer for Mama, tired though she may be! It had been a difficult decision to pick the day and month for the wedding for customs again came into play. June was the most popular month as it is today and there was logic behind it. If a pregnancy resulted shortly after the wedding, the child would be a spring child, past the cold weather months. April, November and December were also popular but one never married in May - this was considered quite unlucky "Marry in May and rue the day" was the thought. September was an approved month also. Months were also chosen for the flowers that were in bloom during the nuptials - jasmine and camelia were long time favorites. I was able to locate via the web, an old rhyme which helped the lady chose the day of the week also: Marry on Monday for health, Tuesday for wealth, Wednesday the best day of all, Thursday for crosses, Friday for losses, and Saturday for no luck at all. No marriages were allowed on Sunday! The Trousseau: We always picture the lovely bride walking down the aisle in white for purity. But this was not always the case In earlier times, pale green was chosen which was a sign of fertility. If the girl were older, she chose brown and older women wore black. If a bride wore white, it was a sign of poverty! Even the color of the dresses had their own "codes" and bespoke their future life: White--chosen right Blue--love will be true Yellow--ashamed of her fellow Red--wish herself dead Black--wish herself back Grey--travel far away Pink--of you he'll always think Green-ashamed to be seen The white dress came into popularity in the 1840's. The dress could cost from $500 in the 1850's and veils cost $125. By the early 1860's, the prices had risen to $1500 or more depending on the frills of lace. Of course, there were also the bridesmaid's dresses and veils (always white), kid gloves, silk stockings (embroidered) and hankies. By the 1870's more of the middle class citizenry had found wealth and it was considered the ultimate to have a wedding gown made in France. By the 1890's the bustle disappeared and puffy sleeves came into vogue. Jewelry was as important then as now - diamonds and pearls together. Perhaps a diamond tiara graced the lady's long tresses. This is the beginning of the poem we all know about something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue and a lucky sixpence in your shoe. A Groom's Attire Then as today, the poor groom's outfit is often glossed over in the society column. The main costume was a blue frock coat with a flower in the lapel. According to various web site references, by 1865, his coat was tailored, the waistcoat was white and his trousers were lavender doeskin. The groom never wore black! By the middle of the era, frock coats went their way into the attic and the morning coat was preferred. A vest might be black and the trousers gray. The Wedding Party. Not much has changed! The bridesmaids also wore veils or a headpiece of flowers and ribbons. Bustles were bustling during the middle of the Victorian age and every year, as now, the "in" look changed. Little girls of the wedding party were the flower girls or ring bearers; if older, they would qualify for junior bridesmaids or maids of honor. Their dresses were normally white muslin, ribbons as sashes that matched their shoes. The boys held the bride's train and dressed as court pages. Guests wore walking or "visiting" costumes. The mothers were dressed fancier, bonnets were a must for church ceremonies. Here Comes the Bride! Did you know that before the 1880's, it was the law to be married in the morning? This was later stretched to 3 pm. Weddings in the south of the United States could be after 6 pm - it was cooler! The Ceremony Home weddings were as popular as church weddings in the mid 1850's. If the couple attended different churches, the bride's church was the preferred one for the ceremony. Like today there were flowers, music, ushers and guests. There was a wedding carriage all trimmed if the family could afford it, pulled by four white horses. The church bells tolled wishing the couple their best wishes. The ring went on her finger - seldom was there a double-ring ceremony. When they marched down the aisle after the "I Do's", they were not allowed to look either left or right --this was in terrible taste. The remaining part of the service has carried on until this day. Home ceremonies (very popular), the house was decorated but not overly so. Sometimes a good luck symbol was hung over the fireplace which could be a wishbone, a bell or a white dove. The Reception This was normally a breakfast to comply with the law of early in the day weddings. Three wedding cakes were on hand, if affordable - one quite fancy and two for the bride and groom. This was normally a fruitcake covered with orange blossoms. The bride's cake was white; his was chocolate. Favors were often baked inside for the attendants (ouch!) and could be rings, pennies, thimbles or buttons. The reason? The ring for marriage within a year; The penny for wealth, my dear; The thimble for an old maid or bachelor born; The button for sweethearts all forlorn. The Honeymoon The bride and groom sneaked away after the breakfast, an old tradition based on the men snatching their bride away to a secret place where the family (and friends) couldn't find them. They often honeymooned for 30 days - through a cycle of the moon - thus honeymoon. In the early 1900's the bride was allowed to take along a female friend on the honeymoon! The last tradition that has survived (I think!) is the groom carrying his bride over the threshhold into their new home. If he (or if the bride walked) and one tripped, bad luck was in store for their marriage. I would like to thank every web site on Victorian weddings, plus publications I've read over the years and friends who think the Victorian Age was the finest! (c) Copyright 24 January 2002, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP #376 - COURTSHIP IN THE VICTORIAN AGE Genealogy consists not only of knowing the names and dates of all our ancestors back to Adam and Eve, but a genuine knowledge of how they lived. What did they do for a living? Were they farmers, judges, ministers? How did our parents meet, how did they fall in love? Courtship was the first major step and well established rules applied to what must happen each step of the way when a young man and a young woman - perhaps your grandparents or great-grandparents felt that little flutter of the heart for the first time! It was taken very seriously because much hung in the balance on the choice of a spouse. To the young man it was knowledge that all of the woman's property reverted to him upon marriage. Young ladies of the Victorian Age (and others) were trained for marriage from a very early age. Her role was well known in youth - to be a obedient wife and mother. Her entire younger years were spent on learning the arts - singing, playing a musical instrument, learning how to dance (if not forbidden by her church), reading what well-known literature as the household could afford. If the family was financially able, she learned a foreign language with French being the most acceptable. She learned etiquette, how to set a table, how to carry on a quiet conversation but not talk too much! This in addition to mastering the art of cooking and being an excellent seamstress! When it was felt that the young lady had accomplished all the goals expected for a young lady of the times, she "came out." In modern terms, "I'm available!" This usually occurred when the young lady was about 17-18 years of age. And now, the excitement began! She went shopping for an entirely new wardrobe so she would look her very best when out in public. But, she, unlike the young ladies of today, didn't just fly out the door and start dating! Her mother was there constantly for the first few years (notice, years!), her constant chaperone. If the girl had lost her mother, another respected female family member took over that chore. The empty nest syndrome was not yet ready to begin! A single girl was never allowed of the house alone. She was very dependent upon her mother during this time. She had visiting cards made (or used her mother's or another female relative). With the young man, who was the apple of her eye, there were many stages of courtship to follow. They first started speaking (with the chaperone present!), then they were allowed to walk together. If it looked like cupid was right in this pairing, they were finally allowed to keep company with each other. It was the man's decision if this friendship might take on more serious tones; if he didn't find the girl to his liking, forget the tears lady - it was over! The man had his own set of rules to follow: A simple introduction to a young lady at a social gathering didn't mean he could assume that it was proper for him to call upon her or even to speak to her again. They had to be re-introduced by a mutual friend that knew both families well. If the family was not a socially prominent one, the socialization took place at balls, Sunday services, or church suppers. If the family was "upper class", there was a special season for this step to take place - the social season ran only April through July! Ouch! It appears so far that the young man had a lot less to worry about, but he was busy completing his education, learning a trade and being conversant in the finer literatures of the day also. But back to the poor girl who had "come out" or was called a debutante. She had a routine that was followed religiously. She got up in late morning (must be nice!), ate breakfast at noon. She might attend an afternoon concert or go for a drive in the afternoon. Her dinner was ready at around eight and then she might take in an opera followed by several parties; returning home in the wee hours of the morning. Oh well, poor Mom who was chaperoning all this! She was always on her best behavior and had a strict set of rules she must follow (poor baby!). These included: She could not speak to an individual of higher rank or social status without being properly introduced. If someone below her social status wished an introduction, she must give permission first before they spoke. She was under no obligation to speak back or make acquaintance with them. She never spoke to a gentleman without being properly introduces and she never could be seen walking by herself. She had to have her dear mother (or whomever, chaperone) with her. If love had bloomed to the next stage of courtship, she was allowed to walk with her gentleman friend, but they had to be some distance apart. Forget the handholding! The only time he was allowed to approach her was to offer his hand in assistance around a puddle or a dangerous situation. (Wonder how many dangerous situations couples were inventive enough to meet?). Couples could never ride alone together in a carriage unless he were a relative. She was never allowed to call upon the man at his home. If her family was away for the evening, she could never entertain a gentleman caller at her residence unless an older family member was present. She could never talk to anyone on the street, or turn to look at anyone while walking or at a social function. No questionable sexual words were to pass between their lips and of course, no intimacy ever. However, where this is a will there is a way to communicate and if you will refer back a few tips, you will see how the love birds could communicate. Surely the families figured this out! The fans, canes, rings and flowers took the place of conversation. If all had gone well during that time span of April through July and things were progressing, the relationship might be getting serious. Then they entered into the negotiating stage. It was all steam ahead with some serious steps taken. The young lady had to be discreet of her intentions however as all young ladies are prone to what is lovingly called gossip. If she confided in some of her "intimate" friends and the word got out, great harm could be done! Since the women folk arranged all the social affairs, the young lady in love would expect them to come to her aid in planning this stage of courtship. Most ladies married about the age of 18-23. First cousin marriages were allowed for a great length of time but this changed by the end of the 1800's. If you married above your class, you could be deemed an "upstart". To marry someone of lower social status was "marrying beneath one's self." For the social butterfly, the bride came equiped with a healthy dowry; supposedly as an inducement for the young man to marry her! There were many financial negotiations made by not only the couple but by the entire family. Money was no secret affair and everyone laid their financial cards on the table. The groom-to-be HAD to show that he could support his bride in the manner in which she was accustomed - or better. If the bride-to-be was wealthy, it was expected that her family set up an estate trust for her which was to be controlled by a Court - the husband was blocked from getting his hands on her money. She could use the money or land at anytime. If she was single, 21 or older, she was allowed to inherit and run her own estate; her parents had no control over it either. But, once she married, all of her possessions went to her husband at her decease. She was not allowed for many years to make her own will laying out her bequeaths for personal property. The husband, however, could will away his wife's property - even to other family members or illegitimate children! Marriages at this time were still more of a business contract that love. But, thankfully, most of the couples did eventually fall in love with the passage of time. To be continued next week with the Engagement. (c) Copyright 17 January 2002, Sandra K. Gorin. All rights reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

I hope you find the following article from ancestry.com helpful. I repeat with permission. For the next two weeks, an interesting and oftentime humorous look at courtship, engagement and marriage during the Victorian era. Sandi TIP # 375 - GAZETEERS & MAPS IN GENEALOGY RESEARCH By permission of and copyrighted to: MyFamily.com Inc. and its subsidiaries.), "Ancestry Daily News" (http://www.ancestry.com/dailynews) By David Thackery, July/August 1994 Vol. 12 No. 4, Ancestry Magazine, by permission. Abstracted. "Genealogy is, among other things, an exercise in geography. Successful research often hinges on identifying the locality in which one's ancestors lived. Once we know the locality, we are in a position to consult the records and histories for the area in an effort to piece together the lives of our forebears. "Often, a geographical reference to a town or county is easy enough to track down by consulting a standard national or international atlas at the nearest public library, but sometimes it of is not so simple. Place names may have changed, or the scale of maps may not permit sufficient detail to include smaller communities. A geographic clue may center around the name of a stream or church rather than a town. Conversely, the same name may have been used for several different locations-some of which may not appear in a standard world atlas. Genealogical research, which may confront us with the geography of an area one, two, or three centuries in the past, often demands more information than can be found in the current Rand McNally atlas. "For these reasons, the genealogist may need to resort to a gazatteer. A gazatteer is a geographical dictionary. It identifies the location of a place, whether it be a village, pond, or manor, usually indicating longitude and latitude, and perhaps including historical or descriptive information. "The most comprehensive gazetteer for current American research is the OMNI Gazetteer of the United States of America (Detroit: Omnigraphics, 1991), which contains almost one and one-half million entries in 11 volumes. Based in large part on the Geographic Names Information System, a database amassed by the U.S. Geological Survey, OMNI covers not only all populated places, both incorporated and unincorporated, but also natural features (such as hills, streams, islands, etc.) and "entities that have been built or shaped by human activity" (such as cemeteries, churches and schools). The exact longitude and latitude is included in all instances. The OMNIan usually be found at major research libraries and at many medium-size and large public libraries. "Of course, such detail in gazetteers is a relatively recent development; however, that does not mean that older gazetteers have become useless. This is clearly not the case for genealogical research, in which the identification of towns which have either ceased to exist or undergone a name change may be of critical importance. For example, the world gazetteers published by the Philadelphia publisher J.B. Lippincott before the turn of the century can be very helpful in this regard. In addition, a Lippincott entry often provides a snapshot of the community and may tally the population and describe the conditions of industry, commerce, and agriculture. An older state gazetteer may have similar research value. In addition to reflecting the geography of times past, it may contain grater detail than a gazetteer of national or global scope. "Many Americans whose ancestors immigrated to the United States from Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries may have special need of gazetteers. A passenger list manifest or a naturalization record may note a place of birth in the old country that does not appear on a map. In fact, it may not be clear where the place falls within present national boundaries. These researchers may find useful a basic, no-frills series of gazetteers covering countries all over the world. Published by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names, the first volumes appeared in 1955. No historical information is provided only longitude and latitude are noted; however, the scope is fairly wide, including topographical features (streams, forests, etc.), as well as populated areas. In addition, cross-referencing from "variant" names to "approved" names can be especially helpful for towns whose names have changed when shifts in national boundaries occurred. "When searching for a gazetteer in a library catalog, the researcher should know that more than one subject heading may be used. The most obvious is: "[name of place]-description and travel-gazetteers." Also encountered on occasion is "Names, geographical-[name of place]." The subject heading for ghost towns is usually "Cities and towns, ruined, extinct, etc.-[name of place]." (David Thackery is a past curator of Local and Family History at the Newberry Library in Chicago, Illinois. He is also a regular contributor to Ancestry Magazine. Copyright © 1998- 2002 , MyFamily.com Inc. and its subsidiaries All use and access to Ancestry.com subject to license Using Maps and Gazetteers in Your Research by Juliana Smith "Maps and gazetteers are necessary tools for family historians. They are the key to finding the records of our ancestors. Record Location Pinpointing where your ancestors lived is critical to locating records. Addresses are often found in directories, vital records, court records, military, and naturalization records. By plotting these addresses on a map along with local churches, it is possible to determine where our ancestors worshipped, and where more records are kept. The addresses can also tell us what civil districts to pursue in checking for locally created records. Knowing addresses can also help us overcome misspellings. For example, I was recently searching for my great-great-grandfather, Thomas Howley, in the 1870 census. We had found him in the 1860 and 1880 U.S. federal censuses in Brooklyn, NY, but our attempts to locate him in the 1870 census had failed. So I decided to try some Soundex searches on the AIS Census Index. A search for Howley in NY using the Soundex got me 32,000 hits, and entering subsequent information helped to narrow the search results down a bit, but not enough. I had an address for him on Front Street from an 1870 city directory of Brooklyn. Using a map that listed ward numbers, I was able to determine that he lived in the 2nd Ward, and upon entering 2 W Brooklyn in the Township field (as I had noted it listed in a previous search), I was rewarded with only seven entries, the last of which was one Thomas Holey. The actual census record showed that it was indeed Thomas Howley; the census taker had just left out the 'w.' Changing Boundaries One thing that you might want to keep in mind is whether your ancestor lived near a boundary or border. Did these boundaries or borders change over the years? Your ancestors may appear in a different county, state, or even country without ever moving. My great-grandparents were from Gomor County (or Megye) in Hungary. Looking for Gomor Megye in Hungary on a current map would be fruitless, though, because it is now in Slovakia. Changing Place Names Changing place names are another challenge we face as family historians. Places of origin that were given by our ancestors in records of the day may no longer exist, or may be called something entirely different. It may be necessary to learn a bit about the area and its history to find out where the records will be located and/or what the area is called now. Migration Patterns Maps help us trace the migration paths our ancestors took. More detailed maps will show what routes were available at the time, including railroads, waterways, early roads, etc. The Library of Congress has a wonderful collection of railroad maps online that show great detail, listing stops and spur lines (link below). It is important to trace the path our ancestors took because there may have been records created along the way. The naturalization process may have been started at the port of entry, and the records may be scattered in stops along the route to the final destination. Ethnic and religious groups often traveled together, and your ancestors' travels can be traced by tracking others in their group. Also, on the long journey west in the United States, babies were born, people married, and people died. There may have been records of events created along the way. Other Reasons to Study the Area It also pays to study the area around that of your forebears. What was the region like? If there was a mountain, river, or some other topographical feature between them and the county seat, they may have chosen to take an easier route and create records in the next county. This is also true of areas with differing regulations. In states with less stringent marriage laws, "marriage mills" sprung up. Lake County, Indiana is a well-known example of this. Many couples from the Chicago area crossed the border into Indiana to get married. This is by no means a comprehensive list of how maps can help with research. You will doubtless find many more uses for them as you set out to familiarize yourself with the areas that hold the key to your roots. Further Reading "Using Maps in Family History Research," by Donn Devine, CG, CGI (Ancestry Magazine, September/October 1998, vol. 16, no. 5) Maps, Gazetteers, and Other Helpful Resources for Researching Locations (Ancestry Daily News, 5/24/2000) Links to online maps. "Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps," by Michael John Neill (Ancestry Daily News, 5/31/2000) "Location, Location, Location," by Michael John Neill (Ancestry Daily News, 6/13/2000) American Memory Collection, Library of Congress Railroad Maps, 1828-1920 Map Collections, 1544-1999 Odden's Bookmarks: The Fascinating World of Maps and Mapping More than 10,000 links to online maps! Ancestry.com Map URL: http://www.ancestry.com/search/rectype/reference/maps/main.asp Juliana Smith is the editor of the Ancestry Daily News and author of The Ancestry Family Historian's Address Book. She has written for Ancestry Magazine and Genealogical Computing. Juliana can be reached by e-mail at: editor@ancestry-inc.com, but regrets that she is unable to assist with personal research. Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP #374 POTTER'S FIELDS - COUNTY FARM CEMETERIES Many terms have been used throughout the years for the burial locations of certain individuals. The oldest term is potter's field which was taken from the following Scripture found in the Gospel of St. Matthew: "Then Judas, which had betrayed Him, saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests . . . and they took counsel, and brought with them the potters' field to bury strangers in." Potter's fields were also referred to in Bible times as "fields of blood". People have always felt the need and obligation to honor the dead with a decent burial. Thus potter's fields were set up in most counties and states as a place to bury those who were indigent, "unbefriended", and those who had died as criminals. In Kentucky, the term potter's field does not appear much, these cemeteries were known primarily as the poor house or the county farm. The Indigent: In the founding days of most Kentucky counties, there were provisions made for the indigent or those with medical conditions making it impossible for them to take care of themselves. A check of the very interesting Court Order Books indicates that these individuals were placed in the care of other citizens of the county who clothed, fed and provided medical attention for them. At the end of the year (or whenever deemed by the particular county), the "guardian" was paid out of the county revenue a sum of money for the upkeep for the ensuing year. This will explain certain instances on the census reports where there is an individual residing with the family that seems to have no biological connection with the rest of the family. Upon the indigent's death, in the oldest days of the county, there is never a mention of the burial location. It is assumed that he or she was buried either in the family burial plot or possibly a church cemetery. There were few municipal or city cemeteries at this time. A local carpenter or casket maker was hired and paid to make the plain pine box for burial. Later on, the county established what was called the county farm. It might have been known in various areas of the state as the county farm or poor house, or other titles. Housekeepers were appointed by the county, normally a couple who they felt could handle the care of others and a building of some description was built. You will find these on the census records from 1850 on for several censuses. The county made a payment to the caretakers annually and in some counties, kept a detailed list of the monies spent and the names of the individuals there. In some counties the reports do not show the names of the residents or the lists are missing altogether. Upon the death of a resident, a cemetery which was set aside nearby, was used for their burial. Very few clues to the existence of these exist prior to the time of funeral homes. Likely a wooden cross or a stone carved by a pocket knife was the only indication of the burial. Many of these old cemeteries have been destroyed or overgrown over the years. With the emergence of the funeral home burials of the very late 1890's to early 1900's, records were kept by them. They were quite "disguised" at times and sometimes were kept on a separate list or in the back of the funeral home register. A local embalmer prepared the body and the funeral home provided the inexpensive casket. The only indication sometimes that this was a "county burial" is that there is no next of kin listed as responsible for the funeral expenses and the county was billed. Funds were set aside by the counties for these burials. Some of the newer county farm cemeteries can still be found with little tin markers showing the funeral home that handled the burial and a card slipped in (some missing, faded from the weather) showing the individuals name - possibly a date. When the county farms ceased their existence, most burials take place in church or municipal cemeteries. The Unbefriended. It is imagined that the same rules applied to those who were not residents of the county or who lived here on their own with no family. Perhaps the individual was here on business or to visit family and died while in the area. It was costly to have the remains shipped back home (if they had one) although this was done by railroad many times. The criminals. In the days of hangings and lynchings, it would be considered to be an abomination to bury a criminal in a sacred family or city cemetery. There were exceptions to the rules of course; in fact, here in Barren County there was a murder in the 1850's by a prosperous husband of his new bride - he then committing suicide. They were buried in the same casket (which I never could understand), and their remains are in the municipal cemetery. However, most times, in the case of hangings, a wagon stood by and as the body was cut down from the gallows, his body was placed on the flat bed and driven out of town to an 'unknown burial spot'. Perhaps this was in fear that if anyone knew where the individuals remains rested, they were be dug up out of revenge. No marker was placed on the gravesite and only the family, if family he had, knew where he was buried. A little note here about hangings. With protests today about televising executions; people in the olden days thought this all the "rage". The local paper or a printer, sent invitations to the hanging. It was by ticket only that one could view a hanging. The prisoner was allowed, as is the case today, ministerial assistance and many jails contained old bathtubs where the prisoner could be baptized if he had repented. Ministers often stayed around the clock preaching to the sinner in the hopes of repentance. The prisoner had been allowed to write as many letters as he wished - to family members or the newspaper. The eager newspaper editor appears to have "ambulance chased" to the family daily to see if they had had correspondence with their convict family member, and printed them in glowing details in the paper. On the day of the funeral, the streets of town were overly crowded with entire families coming to see the hanging, often with picnic baskets. A fence was often erected around the gallows with enough room within the fence for the invitees to stand. The rest, without tickets, climbed the fences, climbed nearby trees, climbed to the top of nearby buildings It was a noisy crowd that cheered the henchman on; and the loud sobbing of family who were expected to be present also. I would imagine that the poor houses or county farms were not the cream of the crop, and sometimes residents there might have been abused. With the county ownership it is hoped that the rules were stricter and the people better taken care of. (c) Copyright, 3 January 2002, Sandra K. Gorin. All rights reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

Happy New Year greetings too! RED RIVER CHURCH AND THE REVIVAL OF 1800. Abstracted from: Adairville Enterprise, August 14, 1969, page 2] It was prepared as a research paper by Rev. Hughlan P. Richey, pastor of the Adairville Baptist Church. "The Old Red River Presbyterian Church was located near Red River, near Maulding Fort, and about three miles northeast of Adairville, Kentucky. Maulding's Fort was built in 1780 by early Scotch-Irish settlers for protection against the Indiana. This church was established between 1785 and 1789. The county, Logan, in which it is located became a county in 1792. Among the earliest ministers to serve Red River were Rev. Thomas Craighead, Rev. Samuel Finley, and Hezekiah Balch. The General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church as early as 1789 began to send out missionaries on the frontier. The Great Revival in the West is known as the Kentucky Revival or the Revival of 1800." Rev. Richey stated that Peter Cartwright, who lived near Adairville as a boy, tells that when his father moved the family into Logan County it was known as "Rogue's Harbor." Bernard A. Weisberger said, "the revival was no passively received blessing. It was weapon aimed at sin, and it was meant to be used to hit hard." He references Rev. James McGready who was born in Pennsylvania about 1760, and came to Kentucky in 1796 by the way of North Carolina. His ministry was not too well received in North Carolina. There was opposition, and this is evident because his pulpit was burned and he received a threatening letter written in blood. When he arrived in Logan Co, he settled in the Red River Community and his churches included Red River, Gasper River and Muddy River - Rogue's Harbor. By July 1799, "McGready's power over audiences began to be witnessed visibly. Here at Red River the signs of renewal began. the spirit of animation was felt at a sacramental meeting. These services were participated in by McGready, Mr. Rankin, Mr. Hodge and William McGee, Presbyterian preachers, and John McGee, brother of William, a Methodist preacher." ""In June (1800) the sacrament was administered at Red River. This was the greatest time we had ever seen before. As multitudes were struck down under awful conviction; the cries of the distressed filled the whole house. There you might see profane swearers, and sabbath breakers pricked to the heart, and crying out, "what shall we do to be saved?" There frolickers, and dancers crying for mercy. There you might see little children of 10, 11 and 12 years of age praying and crying for redemption, in the blood of Jesus, in agonies of distress. During this sacrament, and until the Tuesday following, 10 persons we believe, were savingly brought home to Christ." It is said that at the services people came in covered wagons and brought food with them. And, by the end of 1800, much of Southwestern Kentucky and part of Tennessee were in a revival fire and it was spreading northward. Barton W. Stone was a pastor of the Presbyterian societies--at Concord and Cain Ridge, Bourbon County, Kentucky. He came to Logan County in 1801 to investigate the excitement. He had been converted by the McGready's in North Carolina. These extended services gave rise to what became camp meetings. Through the distant visitors to these camp meetings the revival was spread, not only throughout Kentucky and Tennessee, but many other states. Foote's History of North Carolina and his History of Virginia give us thrilling accounts of revivals started in these two states by people just returned from McGready's meetings. But it also stirred up controversy. Rev. Balch of McGready's own presbytery, visited McGready's churches for the special purpose of preaching against the revival, and ridiculing what McGready had taught about faith, repentance, and regeneration. Thus, the Red River church was locked against the revival party, and McGready stood on the door steps and preached. "One day while he or some other revival preacher stood there gesticulating violently, a backward stroke broke the lock, and the house was never locked against the revival party afterward." The spirit of revival moved to the central region of Kentucky around Cane Ridge. On August 6, 1801, a large crowd gathered at the church. It was a Presbyterian meeting, but Baptist and Methodist preachers came to join in. It seems that Baptists did not take the active part that others did during these days, but nevertheless were blessed greatly by the impact of revival. The revival affected three major churches - Presbyterian and Baptist. In 1810, the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination was formed. The "New Lights," dissolved their organization, and proclaimed a new church, giving it the simple name of "Christian." Barton Stone, one of the leaders in this movement, remained for some time in the Christian Church. But in time he became interested in the teachings of the Campbellites, or Disciples of Christ. In 1832 he led some of his fellow Christians over to union with Thomas and Alexander Campbell, and "became, at last, a patriarch among the Disciples." The New Light schism also prepared the ground for the development of Shakerism in the West. In 1805, some of the "revivalists" went over to the Shakers, the small sect which had a colony in Logan County, not far from Red River. And, also very important, the influence upon slavery in this country was involved. Even the thinkings on liquor was affected. The Red River Cemetery contains the graves of a number of Revolutionary War and War of 1812 veterans, including the grave of General Robert Ewing, a hero of both wars. Captain Robert Paisley, Revolutionary soldier, was buried in Red River Cemetery Octoer 24, 1828. William McPherson, born in Scotland, died in the hills of Kentucky and was buried at Red River. Sources recommended by and used by Rev. Richey included the following: Cleveland, Catherine C. "The Great Revival in the West 1797-1805." Chicago: The University of Chicago, 1916. Christian, John T. "A History of Baptist." Vol. 2. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1916. Coffman, Edward. "The Story of Logan County." Nashville: The Parthenon Press, 1962. Davidson, Robert. "History of the Presbyterian Church in the State of Kentucky." New York: Carter, 1847. Finley's "History of Logan County." McDonnold, B.W. "History of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church." Nashville: Board of Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 1888. McGlothin, W. J. (ed.). "Kentucky Baptist Historical Society." Louisville: Baptist Book Concern, 1911. Smith, James (ed.). "Posthumous Works of James McGready." Louisville: Worsley, 1831. Strickland, W.P. (ed.). "Autobiography of Peter Cartwright: The Backwood Preacher." New York, 1856. Weisberger, Bernard A "They Gathered at the River." Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1958. (c) Copyright 27 Dec 2001, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

TIP #372 - CHRISTMASES PAST Many of my long-time friends know that every Christmas, I post a special message for the season. This year's holiday season takes on a special meaning as many of us try to hug our children a little closer, stay in contact with distant relatives and give thanks and prayers at the same time. So this year, I thought I would tell you about some of the Old World traditions that so influenced our forefathers and established that special blend of the past which evolved into our Christmas celebrations. I was prompted to do this after watching a television tour of the White House with Laura Bush and the beautiful decorations and snow flocked trees with miniatures of many of the former President's houses. The Yule Log: The yule log had its origins in an ancient pagan festival in celebration of the winter solstice. A huge fire was kindled to light and warm the shortest day of the year. A large log was used as a foundation for the fire, which was kindled by a log from the last year's fire. Carefully pick one log from the fire, allow it to cool completely, and then store it in the cellar or yard until next year. Today, it is just a wonderful way to gather the family in front of the fireplace and swap tales of Christmases past! The Gingerbread House: Gingerbread dates back to olden times, but the colorfully decorated gingerbread house so popular at Christmas comes from Jakob Grimm's fairy tale, Hansel and Gretel. Lost in the enchanted forest, Hansel and Gretel nibbled at the witch's tasty gingerbread house. The Kissing Ball: The golden bough, thought to be mistletoe, was sacred to the Romans. Nowadays when mistletoe is hung as a Christmas decoration, it is an invitation for a man to kiss a woman. In the mid-1700s in America, traditional kissing balls of boxwood and holly were hung in the windows, suspended from the top by a long red ribbon. Artificial mistletoe is much easier to find these days, but the tradition continues! Advent Wreath: Advent, meaning the approach or coming, refers to the four Sundays preceding Christmas. Advent is celebrated in church, and in many homes as well. Some people keep an Advent wreath with candles; one is lit on each of the Sundays in Advent to mark the approach of Christmas, Use a store-bought or homemade evergreen wreath (white fir and Colorado spruce bold their needles best) and embellish it with dried flowers. Place four large red candles in it, and in the middle a white candle. Light a red candle on each of the Sundays of Advent and the white one on Christmas day. Some families use the occasion of the lighting of the candles to add figures to the creche. Then on Christmas Day, the youngest in the family gets to place the Christ Child in the manger. The History of Christmas: Author Unknown: The history of Christmas dates back over 4000 years. Many of our Christmas traditions were celebrated centuries before the Christ child was born. The 12 days of Christmas, the bright fires, the yule log, the giving of gifts, carnivals(parades) with floats, carolers who sing while going from house to house, the holiday feasts, and the church processions can all be traced back to the early Mesopotamians. Many of these traditions began with the Mesopotamian celebration of New Years. The Mesopotamians believed in many gods, and as their chief god - Marduk. Each year as winter arrived it was believed that Marduk would do battle with the monsters of chaos. To assist Marduk in his struggle the Mesopotamians held a festival for the New Year. This was Zagmuk, the New Year's festival that lasted for 12 days. The Mesopotamian king would return to the temple of Marduk and swear his faithfulness to the god. The traditions called for the king to die at the end of the year and to return with Marduk to battle at his side. To spare their king, the Mesopotamians used the idea of a "mock" king. A criminal was chosen and dressed in royal clothes. He was given all the respect and privileges of a real king. At the end of the celebration the "mock" king was stripped of the royal clothes and slain, sparing the life of the real king. The Persians and the Babylonians celebrated a similar festival called the Sacaea. Part of that celebration included the exchanging of places, the slaves would become the masters and the masters were to obey. Early Europeans believed in evil spirits, witches, ghosts and trolls. As the Winter Solstice approached, with its long cold nights and short days, many people feared the sun would not return. Special rituals and celebrations were held to welcome back the sun. In Scandinavia during the winter months the sun would disappear for many days. After thirty-five days scouts would be sent to the mountain tops to look for the return of the sun. When the first light was seen the scouts would return with the good news. A great festival would be held, called the Yuletide, and a special feast would be served around a fire burning with the Yule log. Great bonfires would also be lit to celebrate the return of the sun. In some areas people would tie apples to branches of trees to remind themselves that spring and summer would return. The ancient Greeks held a festival similar to that of the Zagmuk/Sacaea festivals to assist their god Kronos who would battle the god Zeus and his Titans. The Romans celebrated their god Saturn. Their festival was called Saturnalia which began the middle of December and ended January 1st. With cries of "Jo Saturnalia!" the celebration would include masquerades in the streets, big festive meals, visiting friends, and the exchange of good-luck gifts called Strenae (lucky fruits). The Romans decked their halls with garlands of laurel and green trees lit with candles. Again the masters and slaves would exchange places. "Jo Saturnalia!" was a fun and festive time for the Romans, but the Christians though it an abomination to honor the pagan god. The early Christians wanted to keep the birthday of their Christ child a solemn and religious holiday, not one of cheer and merriment as was the pagan Saturnalia. But as Christianity spread they were alarmed by the continuing celebration of pagan customs and Saturnalia among their converts. At first the Church forbid this kind of celebration. But it was to no avail. Eventually it was decided that the celebration would be tamed and made into a celebration fit for the Christian Son of God. Some legends claim that the Christian "Christmas" celebration was invented to compete against the pagan celebrations of December. The 25th was not only sacred to the Romans but also the Persians whose religion Mithraism was one of Christianity's main rivals at that time. The Church eventually was successful in taking the merriment, lights, and gifts from the Saturanilia festival and bringing them to the celebration of Christmas. The exact day of the Christ child's birth has never been pinpointed. Traditions say that it has been celebrated since the year 98 AD. In 137 AD the Bishop of Rome ordered the birthday of the Christ Child celebrated as a solemn feast. In 350 AD another Bishop of Rome, Julius I, choose December 25th as the observance of Christmas. http://www.ogenki.com/living/stories/index.php?id=3,1 A Victorian Christmas Menu from Godey's Lady's Book, December 1890 Raw Oysters: Have blue-point oysters; serve upon the half shell, the shells being laid upon oyster plates filled with cracked ice; six oysters and a thick slice of lemon being served upon each plate. Bouillon: Put into a pot three pounds of shin beef, one pound of knuckle of veal, and three quarts of water, and simmer gently. As soon as the scum begins to rise, skim carefully until it quite ceases to appear. Then add salt, two carrots, the same of onions, turnips, and a little celery. Simmer gently four hours, strain, and serve in buillon cups to each guest. Fried smelts - Sauce tartare: Clean about two dozen smelts, cut off the gills, wash them well in cold water, and then dry them thoroughly. Put in a pinch of salt and pepper in a little milk, into which dip your smelts, and then roll them in cracker dust. Put into a frying pan some lard, in which, when very hot, fry your smelts a light brown. Also fry some parsley, which place around your fish, and serve with sauce tartare. Put the yolks of two eggs in a bowl with salt, pepper, the juice of a lemon, and one teaspoonful of dry mustard. Stir with a wooden spoon, and add by degrees-- in very small quantities, and stirring continuously-- a tablespoonful of vinegar; then, a few drops at a time, some good oil, stirring rapidly all the time, until your sauce thicken, and a half a pint of oil has been absorbed. Chop one pickle and a tablespoonful of capers, also chop a green onion and a few taragon leaves, and mix with your sauce. Potatoes a la Maitre d' Hotel: Wash eight potatoes, and boil them in cold water with a pinch of salt. When thoroughly done, peel them cut them in thin round slices; put them--with three ounces of butter, a pinch of salt, pepper and a nutmeg, the juice of a lemon, and a tablespoonful of chopped parsley--in a saucepan on the fire, and, when very hot, serve. Sweetbread Pates & Peas: Boil four sweetbreads, and let them become cold; then chop them very fine, add about ten mushrooms, also chopped fine. Mix with these a quarter pound of butter, half a pint of milk, a little flour, pepper, salt, and a little grated nutmeg. Put upon the fire, stir until it begins to thicken, then put in puff-paste that has been prepared, and bake until light brown. Open a can of peas, soak in clear water for half an hour, then put upon the fire in clean water, let them boil up hard, drain well and serve with butter, pepper and salt. Roast Turkey & Cranberry Sauce: Clean and prepare a medium sized turkey for roasting. Cut two onions in pieces, and put them in a saucepan with two ounces of butter, and color them slightly. Grate a pound of bread into fine crumbs, add the bread to your onions, the turkey's heart and liver chopped very fine, quarter of a pound of butter, salt, pepper, a pinch of thyme, and mix all well together. Stuff the turkey with this mixture, sew up the opening through which you have introduced the stuffing, and put it to roast, with a little butter on top and a wine glassful of water; roast an hour and a half; strain your liquor in the pan, pour over your turkey, and serve. Take one quart of cranberries, pick and wash carefully, put upon the fire with half a teacupful of water, let them stew until thoroughly broken up, then strain and add one pound and a quarter of sugar; put into a mould and turn out when cold. Roman Punch: Put in a saucepan on the fire three-quarters of a pound of sugar with three pints of water, boil ten minutes, then put aside to become cold. Put in a freezer, and when nearly frozen, stir into it rapidly a gill of rum and the juice of four lemons. Serve in small glasses. Quail with Truffles with Rice Croquettes: Take one cupful of rice, wash and boil it, and let it get thoroughly cold. Beat up with it one egg, a teaspoonful of sugar and the same of melted butter, salt and a little nutmeg. Work this mixture into the rice, stirring until all is well mixed and the lumps worked out. Make, with floured hands, into oblong rolls about three inches in length, and half an inch in diamenter. Coat these thickly with flour, and set them in a cold place until needed. Fry a few at a time in hot lard, rolling them over as they begin to brown to preserve their shape. As each is taken from the fire, put into a colander to drain and dry. Parisian Salad: Cut in small pieces six cold boiled potatoes, the same quantity of beets, and also of boiled celery--both cold. Mix the yolks of four hard boiled eggs with two tablespoonfuls of anchovy sauce, press through a sieve; add, little by little, four tablespoonfuls of oil, one tablespoonful of mustard, two tablespoonfuls of vinegar, a few taragon leaves chopped fine, two pinches of salt, two of pepper, and the whites of four hard boiled eggs, cut in pieces, mix all well together, and serve. Crackers and Cheese Nesselrode Pudding..- Fancy Cakes: Remove the shells from two dozen French chestnuts, which put in a saucepan with a little water, then peel off the skin, and put the chestnuts in a saucepan on the fire with a pint of water and one pound of sugar. Boil them until very soft, then press them through a sieve; the put them in a saucepan with one pint of cream, in which you mix the yolks of four eggs. Just before boiling put your mixture through a sieve, add an ounce of stoned raisins, an ounce of currants, two sherry glasses of sherry wine, and freeze it like ice-cream. When frozen, cut four candied apricots, four candied green gages, half an ounce of citron in small pieces, three ounces of candied cherries; mix them thoroughly into the pudding, which is put into a mould, a thick piece of paper on top, and the cover securely shut down upon it. Put some cracked ice, mixed with two handfuls of rock salt, into a bowl, in the middle of which put your mould, covering it entirely with ice and salt; let it remain two hours, then turn it out of the mould, first dipping it into warm water. Put half a pound of almonds in boiling water, remove the skins, then put the almonds in cold water, then put them in the oven to dry. Pound them to a paste, adding the white of an egg; then add a pound and a half of powdered sugar, again pound well, adding the whites of two eggs. Spread on a pan a sheet of white paper, pour the mixture into little rounds somewhat smaller than a fifty cent piece, place them on top of the paper in your pan, about an inch and a half apart. Put them in a gentle oven for twelve minutes, the door of the oven shut; at the end of that time, if they are well colored, remove them from the oven, let them become cold, turn the paper upside down, moisten it with a little water and remove the macaroons. Fruit.- Coffee: Arrange grapes, apples, bananas and oranges upon fancy dishes, with gayly colored leaves and ivy branches around them. http://www.victoriana.com/christmas/menu-99.htm Victorian Age Toys: The children of the older times were rewarded with simpler gifts in the Victorian Age (considered to be those people born in the 1820's who came to maturity in the 30's through the 60's). Doll houses in the Victorian era were very popular. They were elaborately furnished in great detail. Some of the furnishings were: gilded clocks, lamps, dining room sets, fully furnished kitchens and even statuettes. Dolls were available in many different styles. They had a doll that ate a small piece of food and the food was discarded through the sole of her foot. There was also a doll that played music as it raised her hands. Brown eyed dolls were becoming popular, made of bisque and the starting cost was only 65 cents. Alphabet blocks with painted letters made up of different sizes that could be piled one within another were popular. Banks were available, made of animals with open mouths for catching coins. They had large bodies to encase many coins. Walking toys were also popular, they had a cock that crows as it walks, and elephants were also very sought after. Many of us will remember when our stockings were filled with fresh fruit or penny candy! So many things have changed over the years, but one thing never will. The spirit of love, giving, sharing, enjoying, friendship, love and the age old story of the Christ child. Merry Christmas from Sandi in 2001! (c) Copyright 20 December 2001, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

In the early 1800's a revival broke out in parts of Kentucky that was called "The Great Revival." I have been asked to report a little about this revival and hope this will give you a better picture of the events. The Gasper River Meeting House in Logan County, Kentucky has been called the birth place of Cumberland Presbyeriansim. I quote below from an article done in 1876. [Source: The Cumberland Presbyterian, February 10, 1876, page 3] "A few days ago I was called on by two well known Cumberland Presbyterian ministers of Auburn, Revs. McCormick and Penick, to survey the old lines of a remarkable as well as historical spot of ground--the former site of the "Old Gasper River Meeting-house." The deed of the church lot from John Carnahan to the people of the Presbyterian Church, bears date of the beginning of the present century, and written on a very wide, unruled sheet of paper, in a bold, dashing hand, and runs in this quaint style: "The said John Carnahan, for and in the consideration of the sum of six shillings, in hand paid by the said congregation, in hand to the said John Carnahan, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and the congregation is hereby acquitted and discharged before the inclosing and delivery of these presents, do bargain, sell and confirm in feoff, unto the said people of the Presbyterian Church, six acres of ground off my own head-right, etc. "On a rising eminence, about a stone's throw from the bank of that beautiful stream, "The Clear Fork of Gasper river," is the place where the Meeting-house stood--a ridge of rough stones, forming an oblong, thirty by fifty feet, marks the identical spot. It is about two miles north of South Union, Kentucky. The old log house has long since gone to decay, and not a vestige of its ruins now remain, save the ridge of stones which served as a foundation for the house. The undressed appearance of the material indicate, that like Solomon's Temple, it was put up without the sound of a hammer being heard. "The paper called for a large elm tree, standing on the bank of the river, as the beginning corner, no trace of which could be found, but the spot where it once stood could be pointed out by Mr. Smith Hambling, whose memory was aided in the matter by recollecting where he used to stand when a boy, forty years ago, and throw stones at wood-peckers coming out of the holes they had pecked in the old and then dead elm. The venerable octogenarian, Esquire Wm. Barnett, as straight as an arrow, and as lively as a lad, was with the surveying party, and added to the enjoyments of the day by his sallies of wit, and early reminiscences of the surroundings. "A fine, large spring of clear sparkling water rises immediately outside the church lot, and it was remarked by one of the party that this could create no great inconvenience, since the church going people, if ever debarred from crossing the line, could easily reach the water with a long-handled gourd. "The Cumberland Presbyterians having received permission from the claimants of the old site, also a donation of more ground from Jacob Yost and family, are now erecting on the old place a large and elegant church edifice, and while the wealth and hospitality of the neighborhood makes it a good location for a flourishing church; yet there being, as at Enon, "much water" there, would seem to argue its being more suitable for a Baptist or Campbellite church. "Standing on this sacred spot, surrounded by the neglected graves of the long-forgotten dead, what strange and weird visions of the past, rises and pass in panoramic view before me. Here is the birth-place of Cumberland Presbyterianism. More than three-quarters of a century ago James McGready preached here, and a great revival followed, out of which grew the large and influential body of Christians known as the Cumberland Presbyterians. Elder Rankin, who lived to be nearly a hundred years old, and died about ten years ago at South Union, was pastor of this church at the time of the great awakening under Mr McGready's preaching, and objected to the course pursued by that great revivalist, and afterward founded the Society of Shakers at South Union, and was for many years a leading spirit of the Society. "Here was once a famous religious camp ground, and whole families came from a distance of fifty miles around in wagons and carts, and camped on the sacred ground for weeks at a time. "Here the jerks, that singular religious phenomenon, peculiar to that age, raged with fearful epidemic violence, attacking alike the saint and sinner--baffling then, as it has continued to do to this day, the efforts of the most learned and critical, to account for or unravel its mysterious manifestations. It would indeed be a strange coincidence, if the rebuilding of the temple should be followed by a revival of the jerks. The very surrounding suggest the more than possibility of such an occurrence. "If the reader has felt half the pleasure and interest in reading about this ancient and venerable place, that the writer felt in surveying around it, then I am satisfied.--Tripod, in Russellville Herald. Old Gasper and the Shakers, by Rev. John L. Hill: "Most Cumberland Presbyterians know something of the causes that resulted in the organization of our beloved church. During that stormy period of religious discussion in the Presbyterian Church when there was such a marked difference of opinion between some of her leading divines, and such wonderful manifestations of the Holy Spirit, no place was more prominent, and no place is of more historic interest to Cumberland Presbyterians to-day than Old Gasper Church in Logan County, Kentucky. Located near by, and closely connected with Old Gasper in historic interest, is "Shaker Town." This town was established about the time of the organization of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. It will be remembered, that a difference of opinion resulting in religious trouble arose among a number of Presbyterian preachers while holding a meeting at Old Gasper, not long before the organization of our church. Among these ministers were McGreary, Ewing, the Rankins, and others. Out of this party a person of Rev. John Rankin, who failed to cast his lot with either the revival or anti-revival side of the Presbyterians. "Shaker Town is on the Memphis branch of the L. & N. R.R., about fifteen miles south of Bowling Green, Ky. This is one of the most beautiful and best farming sections in the state. The town is on a beautiful elevation, and consists of a church, a large business house or office, a school house, and five other very large, beautiful, and imposing structures used a residences, called the Center House. North House, South House, East House, and West House. At one time, there were five-hundred adherents to the Shaker faith living in this little town, but there are not nearly so many now. They adhere to the doctrine of celibacy, and their number is only recruited by those who join them from the "world" as they term it. These shakers are a very peculiar people, especially in their worship, a large part of which consists in singing and dancing, and a continual shaking of themselves, which is very amusing to onlookers. But with all these peculiarities they are a very intelligent, industrious and enterprising people. They own in Kentucky several thousands of acres of land, and are very wealthy. While they do not mingle with the world socially or religiously, they are friendly towards Cumberland Presbyterians, and sometimes attend our services at Old Gasper. "It was at Old Gasper that the first camp meeting in Christendom was held. It was here, just a century ago, that the Spirit of God so wonderfully operated on the hearts of men, convicting the stubborn-hearted, and often overpowering them so that they fell to the ground in an utterly helpless condition. On one occasion, a married lady went to the altar for prayer, and her husband, a very wicked man, went and very roughly dragged her away, and on this spot God struck him dead! Ah, those were wonderful days! Would we had the power from on high to-day, as our fathers had it then, for were it so, no power could stand against us! Some months ago I had the pleasure of assisting the pastor, Rev. W. H. Perkins, in a meeting at this grand old place. How impressive to look upon the great old trees that tower many feet into the heavens. These are the trees under which McGready and Ewing stood, and sheltered their heads in the days of yore. The same spring from which they drank, still yields an inexhaustible supply of nature's beverage. Adairville, Ky. [Source: The Cumberland Presbyterian, July 1, 1897, page 1674 (10).] Red River - the Mother of Kentucky Churches by J. S. Grider, D.D. [Source: The Cumberland Presbyterian, February 4, 1904, page 137] "It is a matter of some doubt as to which of the now existing churches in Kentucky was the first one to become a Cumberland Presbyterian church. A number of churches in the state were under the care of the Cumberland Presbytery when that presbytery belonged to Kentucky Synod of the mother church but cast their lot with the Cumberland Presbytery when reorganized by the Cumberland Presbyterians. This was true of Gasper River (now called Old Gasper), and, if I remember rightly, of Piney Fork; but Gasper River has not had a continuous existence, as many of its members were transferred to Pilot Knob, and the church was in a disorganized condition for many years. "But I am well satisfied that the oldest organization in the state and the one first becoming a Cumberland Presbyterian church was Red River, situated in Logan county, eight miles south of Russellville and only a few miles from the Tennessee line. At this place there has been an organization for something over one hundred and eight years, and a regular Cumberland Presbyterian church organization for ninety-four years. "This church, though sometimes running low, has never ceased to maintain its identity nor to have its membership and its session. It stool with the revival party during the great trials through which the ministers and churches passed about 1800, remained firm during the days of the council, and cast its lot with the new presbytery, when organized by McAdow, Ewing and King. "The Red River community was that in which Rev. Finis Ewing and family lived during the stormy days that resulted in the formation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Though the organization took place in Dickson county, Tenn., yet the travailing pangs that gave birth to the church took place in southern Kentucky and mostly in Logan county. The center of that mighty struggle was about old Red River. It was there that the first regular camp meeting was conducted ever known to any church. In these camp meetings great spiritual forces were apparent on every side, and some accompanying phenomena that I have never heard explained unless upon the principle of divine power. I refer to what was known as the "jerks." Dr. McDonnold, in his history, said they appeared in East Tennessee under the preaching of Dr. Blackburn, A Presbyterian, before they were known in Logan county, Ky. My father was then a boy and went in a covered wagon to a camp meeting, either to Gasper or Red River, with his parents and the family. He saw a young woman while making sport of others taken with the jerks and surged back and forward with such force and rapidity that her long hair cracked like a whip, she calling all the while on God for help. He said, moreover, the in going out into the tall grass to find their horses that had been hobbled and turned out to graze, he passed many persons kneeling in earnest and devout prayer alone with God. We still need a baptism of prayer. True, some effort at a camping was made the year before at Gasper River, but the first regular appointed camp ever conducted on earth was at Red River. "Here Logan Presbytery had its first meeting ninety-one years ago. The ministers in this presbytery were Finis Ewing, William Harris, Alexander Chapman and William Barnett. May the sons of these men in this presbytery prove worthy of such noble sires. Some of the Ewings, relatives of Finis Ewing, were among its early ruling elders. This church has given to the denomination some of its brightest lights in the ministry; among others Rev. A.M. Bryan, D.D., "the golden-mouthed orator" of the church in his day. The church has had for its pastors and supplies a number of our best preachers. "Perhaps the preacher that did most for the upbuilding of that organization in the first half of the last century was Rev. Caleb Weedin, as he was an able minister and preached for many years to that people. Its pulpit was often filled by Alex. Chapman, whose memory still floats like sweet incense in the memory of some of the very old people of Logan Presbytery. "William Harris, strong, resourceful and effective; Hiram Hunter, a veritable master in the pulpit; Leroy, Penick, Mansfield, Foster, Johnston, and a host of others, have preached Christ Jesus in power and sincerity from its pulpit; yet Caleb Weedin did a large share in building up the church and making it permanent. "During Mr. Weedin's ministry there lived in the community an able jurist but most unique character. I refer to Judge Broadnax. He was a man of wealth for the times and greatly attached to the "evangelical Weedin," as he often called him. He was a member of Mr. Weeden's church, possibly an elder, and under his pastor's influence built a church near the old site. It was a large brick building and for the condition of the country a fine house. When urged to insure it against lightning by putting up a lightning rod he replied: "If God wants to destroy the house I have built and given him he is at liberty to do so." The house stood but a little while and was burned down. I do not know the cause. "The house of worship now standing is near the place occupied by the first church building, and near the old graveyard where the dead have been laid away for one hundred and twenty years. The church building now occupied has been built some sixty years and is kept in good repair. Rev. W. J. Hayden, of Logan Presbytery, is the supply at this time. The membership is not large now, but faithful and true to the church and the Master, and the old light is yet in the candlestick. Perhaps no church in all the list of churches in southern Kentucky is better entitled to be called the mother of churches and ministers than Red River. What a host will gather around the great white throne as the result of the existence of this church! Smiths Grove, Ky. To be continued next week. (c) Copyright 13 December 2001, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

Hi, Sandi stopped by my site, postcards.rootsweb.com and created a Virtual Card just for you! To pick up your card, simply point your browser at the page listed below. http://postcards.rootsweb.com/cards/dec12-1891018202.html The card will remain on the server for about one month, so please print it out or save it as soon as you can.

One last post on the lost art of signalling one's emotions in past days. This won't help you in your genealogy work of today, but it is interesting to see how, in our modern times, we've lost a lot of the "magic" of the past! There appears to have been a whole network of codes used during Colonial times which allowed men to communicate with other men; ladies with ladies and well, ladies and gentlemen to the opposite sex. Here are just a few. The Language of the Handkerchief was well known and could also apply to a delicate fan. Drawing across the lips - Desirous of and acquaintance. Drawing across the eyes - I am sorry. Taking it by the center - You are too willing. Dropping - We will be friends. Twirling in both hands - Indifference. Drawing it across the cheek - I love you. Drawing through the hands - I hate you. Letting it rest on the right cheek - Yes. Letting it rest on the left cheek - No. Twirling it in the left hand - I wish to be rid of you. Twirling it in the right hand - I love another. Folding it - I wish to speak with you. Flirting it over the right shoulder - Follow me. Opposite corners in both hands - Wait for me. Drawing across the forehead - We are watched. Lifting it to the right ear - You have changed. Letting it remain on the eyes - You are cruel. Winding around fore-finger - I am engaged. Winding around third finger - I am married. Putting it in the pocket - No more at present. Crumpling up in the hand - I am impatient. Tying a knot in one corner - Don't tell too much. Tying a knot in the middle - There will be trouble; or there are other eyes upon you. Twisting and then doubling - Let us go together. Flirting it over the left shoulder - You have deceived me. Tossing it up and catching it in both hands- Come at once. Touching right eye twice - Repeat you last signal. Worn in the belt - Bound to you. Biting it - I am very angry with you. Shaking it slightly - You are a flirt. Holding up, and then dropping in lap - Forgive me. Folding and then unfolding it - I have something to tell you. Doubling and striking left hand with it - Don't you dare. Two distinct shakes - Stay where you are. Clasping it to the heart - I love you to distraction. Waving from both hands - Signal of distress-Come and help me. Holding it up without waving - I wait for you, Touching the lips, and then waving - Good by, dear. Twisting it around the wrist - I would kiss you if I dared. Placing it under the arm (at armpit) - I'll dance with you; I'll go home with you; I'll be with you. [This signal, in fact, implies very cordial or close relations of the parties, and as it is easily given in assemblies without attracting attention, is now used freely to make appointments.] The Language of the Cane was used by the gents and sent messages too! Throwing it around the fingers in the left hand - I wish to speak to you; or, let me meet you. Throwing it around the fingers of the right hand - Desire an acquaintance; or, who is he or she? Putting the head in the mouth - I love you. Knocking it with great force on the ground- I hate you; or, I hate him or her. Holding it top and bottom in both hands - Wait for me. Putting it on the left shoulder - I am engaged. Putting it on the right shoulder - Follow me. Dragging it behind, on the ground - We will be friends. Handing it to a person by the lower end - I will accept you. Handing it to a person by the head - I reject you. Holding it in both hands and bending it - I love another. Holding it bottom upward, in front of you - My heart is thine. Holding it both hands across the shoulders- Look at me. And finally, the language of the finger-ring: "In case of a gentleman wishing to marry -literally in the market with his heart - he wears a plain or chased gold ring upon the first finger of the left (or heart) hand. When success attends his suit, and he is actually engaged, the ring passes to the second finger. After marriage it passes to the third finger. If, however, the gent desires to tell the fair ones that he not only is not "in the market," but he does not design to marry at all, he wears the signet upon his little finger, and all ladies may understand that he is out of their reach! With the fair sex the "laws of the rings" are: A plain or chased gold ring on the little finger of the right hand, implies "not engaged," or in plainer words, " ready for proposals, sealed or otherwise." When engaged, the ring passes to the second finger of the right hand. When married, the third finger receives it. Now the fair one proposes to defy all siege of her heart, she places the rings on her firs and forth finger - one on each like two charms to keep away the tempter. It is somewhat singular that this disposition of rings is rare!" When the courting was over, and the parties were married, this advice was offered: The following sections were taken from The Lover's Casket. A Treatise and Guide to Friendship, Love, Courtship and Marriage. Embracing also a Complete Floral Manual. James Sullivan. Beadle and Co.: NY, 1870 and also published by Ivers & Co.: NY, 1902. Also taken from an old book I have of my grandmother on flowers, cover missing, date unknown. Various web sites. (c) Copyright 6 December 2001, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

I hate to do this but .... I have received over 500 virus messages from the three main lists I maintain in the last 2 days. I have tried to notify each one of you infected, privately, but they just keep rolling in. The viruses are not coming from the list, but from people ON the list from their infected systems. Between my 3 lists, there are approximately 5,000 subbers so the potential for my in-box is endless! Thus, I'm going to have to do what other list managers are doing. If I receive a virus from you (and I know you don't know your system is sending it out unless I've notified you), I will unsub you from the list. You will receive the unsub notice. As soon as your system is clean again, write me and I will restore you to the list(s). I'm not angry with you ... we have to get this stopped. Again: The viruses are not being passed thru the rootsweb list - this is a total impossibility. But, it is passed from an infected system through your address books. The subject line is legit - it is a post you have replied to, or I have posted and you haven't read. The only clue you have when you receive a virus is either: (1) there is an attachment with a double suffix (two dots at the end such as text.doc.doc or any combination. Some normal ones are napster, nudeme, ad nauseum. (2) you receive a blank email which at the bottom says it was not delivered. If you will look at the sender's name, there is an underscore before their email address. Such as _sgorin@glasgow-ky.com. If you want to notify the person (who you may or may not know!), do NOT reply to the message. Cut and paste the address without the underscore and put it on a new message. If you reply, it multiplies the virus. PLEASE, if you have a good virus program, run it daily until this is over. Be sure that you have the latest updates (virus definitions) before scanning. I am scanning twice a day right now. If you don't have a virus program, get one quickly! Or - you can look on the web and there are some freebies that work well. Thanks so much - I will continue to notify infected users once but if I get another virus from that same individual, I will remove from the list until your system is clean. Sandi Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

For several years now, I have given you "serious" tips of how to, where to, when to. For a couple of weeks, I'd like to look on the light-hearted if you will allow. Ah love! Or is it hate? Or what are you trying to tell me? In this age of fast moving cars, rapid internet email and cable television; we have lost a piece of our past when things were maybe simpler, easier to understand. Well, maybe not as easy to understand, come to think of it. During the Colonial days and beyond, there were those little secrets too. Messages passed from she to he; hopefully out of the view of parents or others around. These were known as the secret messages of the flower. Come back to the past for a little while and relive some of those flirtatious times. We'll start with the language of flowers. ACACIA (Rose or white) Elegance, friendship. ACACIA (yellow) Secret love ACHILLEA War ADDER'S-TONGUE Jealousy ALLSPICE Compassion ALMOND (common) Indiscretion, perfidy ALOE grief, misplaced devotion, religious superstition ALTHEA Consumed by love ALYSSYM (sweet) Excellence beyond beauty, exemplary modesty AMARANTH (coxcomb) Affectation, pretension. AMARANTH (globe) Constant, unchangeable AMARYLLIS Beautiful, timid, proud AMBROSIA Love returned ANEMONE Fading hope APPLE-BLOSSOM Preference ARBOR-VITAE (American) immortality. Also I never change, live for me ASH Prudence, with me you are safe ASPEN Excess of sensibility, fear ASTER (China) Afterthoughts, love of variety. "I regret my impetuousness. Do not take me too seriously." AZALEA Moderation, temperance. "Be more moderate in your actions." BACHELOR'S BUTTON Devotion, hope, love BALM Social intercourse, sympathy BALSAM Impatience. "I can hardly live til I see you again." BARBERRY Sharpness of temper BASIL Hatred. "I dislike you." BAY-LEAF I change but in death BABY'S BREATH Pure of heart BAYBERRY Discipline, instruction BEGONIA Deformity or "We are being watched." BELLFLOWER Constancy, gratitude, I wish to speak to you. "Meet me tomorrow morning." BELLWORT Hopelessness BILBERRY Treachery BITTERSWEET Truth, platonic love BLACKTHORN Difficulty BLUEBELL Constancy, sorrowful regret. "I am faithful." BLUEBOTTLE Delicacy BRAMBLE Holiness, remorse. "I was too hasty. Please forgive me." BROOM Humility, neatness BUTTERCUP Riches or radiance. "What golden beauty is yours!" BUTTERFLY-WEED Let me go CACTUS Grandeur, warmth CALLA LILY Magnificent beauty CAMELLIA (Red) Unpretending excellence, innate warmth, alas my poor heart. "How radiantly lovely you are!" CAMELLIA (White) Perfected loveliness, without blemish CHAMOMILE Energy in adversity CANDYTUFT Indifference CANTERBURY BELLS Gratitude, acknowledgement, obligation CARDINAL-FLOWER Distinction CARNATION PINK Woman's love. Encouragement. "Thank you for your charming token." CARNATION WHITE: Pure affection. "Chaste love I offer." CARNATION RED: Passionate love. "I must see you soon." CATALPA Beware of the coquette CATCHFLY Pretended love, snare, unchanging friendship CEDAR I live but for thee, think of me CENTAURY Delicacy CEREUS (night-blooming) Transient beauty CHAMOMILE: Fortitude. "I admire your courage in adversity. Hope on." CHERRY-BLOSSOM Spiritual beauty. "To the ripening of our friendship." CHESTNUT-BLOSSOM Do me justice CHICKWEED Give an account of yourself, rendezvous CHICORY Frugality CHRYSANTHEMUM (Bronze): Bronze: Friendship. "Though I value your friendship, I cannot love you." CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chinese) Loveliness and cheerfulness . CHRYSANTHEMUM (red) I love you. Reciprocated love. CHRYSANTHEMUM (white) Truth. "I believe in you." CHRYSANTHEMUM (yellow): Discouragement. "My heart is given to another." CITRON natured beauty CLEMATIS (evergreen) Poverty CLEMATIS Mental Beauty CLIANTHUS -Self-seeking, worldliness CLOVER (four-leafed) Be mine CLOVER (white) Think of me CLOVES Dignity COLUMBINE Folly CORIANDER Hidden worth. "Do not judge too much by appearances." CORN-BLOSSOM Riches CORN-COCKLE Peerless and proud CORNFLOWER Delicacy, refinement COWSLIP Comeliness, winning grace, you are my divinity COXCOMB Foppery CRABAPPLE-BLOSSOM Irritability CRANBERRY Cure for heartache CROCUS Abuse not, gladness, mirth . "My heart beats with yours." CROWFOOT Ingratitude CROWN IMPERIAL Arrogance, majesty, pride of birth CURRANT Your frown will destroy me CYPRESS Despair, mourning DAFFODIL Deceitful, hope, unrequited love, regard. "I do not return your affections." DAHLIA Elegance and dignity, forever thine. DAHLIA (Red): "You have mistaken my feelings." DAHLIA (White): "Do not approach me." DAHLIA (Yellow): "Your attentions are distasteful." DAISY (coloured) Beauty. DAISY (field): "I will give you an answer in a few days." DAISY (Michaelmas) Farewell. "Do not write or speak to me; I can never love you." DAISY (Moon): Autumn love. "Choose a lover of your own age; youth and middle-age may not mate." DAISY (Ox-eye): Hope. "I might learn to love you." DANDELION Coquetry, love's oracle, obsurdity. "Your pretensions are ridiculous." DAPHNE Fame, glory DEW-PLANT Serenade DOCK Patience DODDER OF THYME Baseness DOGBANE Falsehood DOGWOOD Forgetfulness, love undiminished by death. EVERLASTING FLOWER: "At your wish I go away, to forget you never." FUCHSIA: Warning. "Beware; your lover is false." GARDENIA: Sweetness. "Like unto this virgin flower are you." GERANIUM (Pink): Pink: Doubt. "What do you mean by those actions?" GERANIUM (Scarlet): Scarlet: Duplicity. "I don't trust you." GERANIUM (White): Indecision. "I have not made up my mind." GLADIOLUS: Pain. "Your words have wounded me." GOLDEN ROD: Undecided. "My mind is not made up." HELIOTROPE: Devotion. "You are my sun, I am devoted to you." HYANCINTH (Blue): "I will give my life to you. HYANCINTH (White): Admiration. HYDRANGEA: Changeable. "Why are you so fickle?" IRIS: (Purple). Great ardour. "You've set my heart aglow." IVY: A symbol of bonding. "I desire you for my bride." JASMINE: Elegant. " You are dainty and elegant! " JASMINE: (Cape): Springtime. "We'll see better times. " JASMINE: (Lavender): Negative."I like you very much, but I'm not in love with you." JASMINE: (Lilac). "You are my first love." JASMINE (White). Innocence and purity. LILY (Tiger): Great passion. LILY (white): Purity LILY OF THE VALLEY: A maiden's modesty. MARIGOLD: (African): Refinement. MARIGOLD (French): Jealousy MIMOSA: Symbol of being sensitive. MINT: Homeliness. "Look for a wife of your own age and taste." MYRTLE: Fragrance. "Be my sweetheart." OLEANDER: A warning! Someone who was our friend betrayed us! ORCHID: Life of luxury. PANSY (purple): A souvenir. PANSY (White). Thoughts of love - I'm ever thinking of you. PANSY (Yellow): Remembrance. I'll ever think of you in your absence. PERIWINKLE: First love. PETUNIA: Proximity, nearness. I like you near me. PRIMROSE: Beginning love. I might learn to love you. ROSE: Red: Love. White: Refusal. Yellow: Misplaced affection. ROSEMARY: Remembrance. SALVIA: Red: Salvia, Red: Passion. SUNFLOWER: Ostentation. THYME: Thyme: Domestic value. "I need a wife like you!" TUBEROSE: A wounding. TULIP: A vow. VIOLET: Lad's love to his lady. Next week, we'll look at some of the secret codes that the gentleman used! (c) Copyright 29 Nov 2001, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved.sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>

You are being sent this week's tip 2 days early in order than I might have a little time to prepare for Thanksgiving. I would like to wish all of you a Happy Thanksgiving- we have a LOT to be thankful for this year! TIP #367 - SO YOU WANT TO PUBLISH A BOOK - CONCLUSION. This is where the rubber meets the road as they say. It's do or die from here on out. You have your book all ready; now how can you get it published without pawning your children and old Fido? In the past, authors and compilists were forced to hunt for a publisher. Great fun, long time, high cost and many rejections. Today is the age of the self-publisher and it has saved many of our necks. There are several ways to approach the publishing. Our outline is: V. Publishing A. Private publishing 1. Benefits 2. Disadvantages 3. B. Publishing Company 1. Benefits 2. Disadvantages A. Private publishing. No matter which direction you go in publishing, there will be advantages and disadvantages. I private publish. The benefits: 1. I control how many copies to run. I have my own office-sized copier and a spiral book binder. By self-publishing, I can print off my master copy from the computer, then make a copy whenever I have a sale. I have no storage problem - just my original print off and a copy for my bookcase. If I catch an error, I can always bring up the file on my backup disks, make the correction, re-print that page. I don't have to order 500 copies of a book that I think will be the next Gone With the Wind novel only to find out that no one's interested! 2. I don't have to deal with a middle-person (have to be politically correct, right?). No payments to anyone else. The disadvantages: 1. Must have a copier or a do it yourself or go to a copy shop. Copies are not cheap, but save me money in the long run. I pay a very low maintenance contract fee which is so much a page for every time the little meter goes click. The contract covers all the toner, drums, repair etc (the latter being up to $150.00 an hour - I'm in the wrong business! ) I buy my own paper wholesale. I lease my machine so it sits there counting sheep all the time, I'm still paying for it. By using a copy shop, my price per page sometimes doubles, even triples and I'm at their mercy as to when they get it done (hoping they do it right!) But if having a copier is out of budget, the copy shops normally do a great job - just be sure they know exactly how you want it! 2. The books are spiral bound, soft cover rather than in a hard cover format, which is much more expensive. Some people don't like spiral bound books but ..... I have a book binding machine, now 11 years old and still working like a dream. Spirals are not that expensive. You can obtain them at local office supply stores, but I prefer to order them from a wholesale company that is quite large and gives overnight free delivery! They come in all sizes and colors, the machine is so easy to work that a child can do it. I prefer black spirals as they do not yellow over time. Some complain that the spirals break and crack after usage; most of mine have been very well used and show no signs of distress. B. Professional Printing. There are companies that will do your book up to look like a million. Good hardbound copies or glued covers. Advantages: 1. They look more professional Disadvantages: 1. It costs a lot. If funding is no problem, there are good and reputable companies that specialize in publishing your books. Some will just provide the copies, some will even sell for you. (To be discussed later). But, normally, you have to order 200, 500, or 1,000 copies at a pop. How big is your family? If you can find a company that will give you good price on 10, 20 or 50 copies, and the price is right, go for it! If you chose to let someone else do your publishing, i.e., putting it into book format, it must normally always be "camera ready." That means crisp typing, every page is exactly as you want it, pages numbered and divisible by four (this allows the back and front pages to come out evenly so blank pages won't be included to get it to "balance." Normally, they prefer original photos and some charge extra for making a camera ready picture off your picture. Many publishers prefer that you submit your data on a computer disk. This is fine for all but the photos; if you don't have photos, this works well. They will tell you which format to use. If you chose a company that will also distribute and sell your book, it is on a commission basis. When you get an order for a book, you send it to them, they sell it. If you want copies on hand to sell yourself, you have to buy your own copies. You are then paid a commission on each book sold. Finally: VI Publicity A. Where? B. Cost? Maybe you have no desire to sell your book - it's just for the family anyway. But, if you'd like to get a smidgen back of the money you have invested (and believe me, you will never be paid for your time and effort), you might consider selling the book to others. A. Where do you advertise? Don't spend a lot of money advertising. There are several different outlets: 1. Word of mouth. You know genealogists like to talk, tell people about the book. 2. Historical Societies. If you donate a copy of your book to your local historical society, most of them will review the book in their quarterly. 3. Web advertising. No, not spamming on a lot of lists. Rootsweb offers a nice free site where you can advertise your book. 4. Kentucky Explorer Magazine - a wonderful magazine - will accept books about Kentucky families and review it for you. I don't spend much in advertising. I maintain a low-key sales page on the web, and other than that, will occasionally pass out sales lists at meetings with permission. But - it's not a high priority. If you just have the one book, be inventive. A note to the local paper, to family associations (WITH permission) ... the word will get out! I hope this series has been helpful and I want to close with just one more topic: Copyrighting. Get your book copyrighted. I cannot afford to copyright all my materials the "normal" way; I have 270 books or so in print and do it all myself. So I have been advised on two ways to do it which is just as legally binding: 1. Mail yourself a copy of the book. When it comes to you in the mail, DON'T open the package. OR 2. On the inside (or the cover of your book) put: (c) Copyright (date), your name, All Rights Reserved. There are many web sites that explain copyrighting, this is just a quite two-liner. Works are protected for many years, don't infringe on the works of others. The rule of thumb is a quotation from another source (if still under copyright); not the whole thing! Your work is considered copyrighted from the time you think of it, during the time you're working on it, through it's completion and beyond. Public domain records are not able to be copyrighted; only your presentation of same. Have fun and give it a try! (c) Copyright 20 November 2001, All Rights Reserved. sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Col. Sandi Gorin, 205 Clements, Glasgow, KY 42141 (270) 651-9114 Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/ SCKY resource links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html < >< God Bless America ><>