KIA=killed in action DOW=died of wounds DOI=died of injuries DNB=died non-battle FOD=finding of death M=missing ROCKCASTLE CO: ADAMS, Clifford, Sgt,, KIA - ARGEMBRIGHT, John T, Pvt, DNB - BULOCK, Raymond E, Pvt, KIA - CALHOUN, Frank, Pfc, KIA - CHANEY, William C., Pvt, KIA - CHILDERS, Eddie B, Sgt, KIA - CLARK, George W, Pfc,KIA - COOK, James D, Pfc, DOM - COTTRELL, Carl, S/SGT, KIA - CREECH, Clarence, Pfc, KIA - CROMER, William M, Pfc, KIA - DeBORDE,Clyde A, Cpl, KIA - DILLINGHAM, Elzy L, Pvt, KIA - GILLIAM, Clyde S, 1st/Lt, DOW - HANSEL, Louis H, S/Sgt, KIA - HANSEL, Saley, Pfc, KIA - HARMON, Benjamin F, Pvt, KIA - HARRIS, Douglas T, Pvt, KIA - JARPER, Pete L, Pvt, DNB - JONES, Roy, Tec/5, KIA - KING, John R, Pvt, KIA - KIRBY, Marvil L, Pfc, KIA - LUNSFORD, Joe A, Pfc, KIA - McKINNEY, Ervin T, Cpl, DNB - MINK, Joe W, Pfc, KIA - MOORE, Earl V, Pvt, KIA - NORTON, Shelby C, Pfc, KIA - OHARA, John W, S/Sgt, KIA - OWENS, James B, Sgt, DNB - RICE, Orrin, Pfc, DOW - ROBINSON, Howard, Pfc, KIA - SMITH, Freddie R, Pfc, DNB - STEWART, Sidney B, Pfc, KIA - THACKER, Clarence, Pvt, KIA - VAUGHN, Jim, Tec/5, KIA - WAGNER, Laurence, Cpl, DNB - WATKISN, Benjamin F, Pfc, KIA - WHITAKER, Earl, Pvt, KIA ROWAN CO: ARMSTRONG, Tommie F, Sgt, KIA - BLACK, Benjamin A, Pfc, KIA - BLACK, George D, Pvt, KIA - BROWN, Leslie R, Pfc, DOW - BUMGARDNER, Charles I, Pfc, KIA - CUADILL, lloyd V, Pfc, KIA - CAUDILL, Murvel E, Pfc, KIA - CLARK, Clifton L, Pvt, DNB - CONN, Raymond L Sr, Pfc, DOW - COOPER, Arthur T, Sgt, KIA - CRISP, Virgil, Tec/5, DNB - DEAN, William E, Pfc, KIA - EPPERHEART, Ernest E, Tec/5, KIA - EVANS, Claudie, Pfc, KIA - FYFFE, Arnold, Pvt, DNB - GREGORY, Austin R, Pfc, KIA - GREGORY, Sam E, Pvt, KIA - HALL, Cecil M, 1st/Lt, KIA - HARGIS, Luster M, Pvt, DNB - HARGIS, Walter G, Pvt, DNB - HARMON, Charles E, S/Sgt, KIA - INGRAM, Haroald V, Pfc, DNB - JAMES, Ray, Cpl, KIA - JONES, Luther, Pfc, DNB - JONES, William H, Pvt, KIA - KIDD, Delbert, Pfc, DOW - KISSICK, Grant, Pfc, KIA - MARTIN, Arnold, S/Sgt, KIA - McCLURG, Chester A, Cpl, KIA - McCLURG, Orville K, Pfc, KIA - McCULLOUGH, George L, 2nd/Lt, KIA - McKEMMIE, William E, Pfc,KIA - McKINNEY, Adrian T, S/Sgt, FOD - McKINNEY, Robert, Pvt, KIA - MOORE, Cleo, Sgt, KIA - OWENS, Kenneth, Pvt, KIA - PHILLIPS, Arthur, Tec/4, DNB - POSTON, Rollie R, Pfc, KIA - PUCKETT, Charles W, Pvt, DOW - REYNOLDS, Burles, Pfc, KIA - RICHARDSON, Earl, Pfc, DOW - RICHARDSON, Ora, Pfc,KIA - ROYSE, Curtis R, Pvt, KIA - SMITH, Ashpy E, S/Sgt, KIA - STEVENS, Leonard D, Pfc, KIA - STEVENS, Major, Pfc,KIA - STEVENS, Rufus, Pvt,KIA - TABOR, Bascom H, Pfc, FOD - TURNER, George H, Pvt, KIA RUSSELL CO: ANTLE, Elmer R, Pvt, FOD - BENNETT, Elmo, Pvt, KIA - BERNARD, Orvis, Pfc, KIA - BERNARD, William I, Pvt, KIA - COFFEY, Oscar R, Pfc, DOW - COOPER, Thomas E, Pfc, KIA - DUNCAN, Elmer W, Pfc, KIA - EDMONDS, James C, Tec/4, KIA - FLANAGAN, Carlie, Pvt, DOW - GASKIN, Adelmer, Pfc, KIA - CASKIN, Elvis R, Pvt, KIA - GUFFEY, Mannon, Pvt, KIA - HILL, William R, Pvt, KIA - KERNS, Rufus, Pfc, KIA - KINNETT, Fred, Pvt, DNB - LAFAVERS, Lonnie, Sgt, KIA - MANN, John E, Pfc, KIA - MASON, John E, Pfc, KIA - McBEATH, James R, Pvt, DNB - OWENS, Philip, Sgt, KIA - POOLSTON, Guy L, Pfc, KIA - ROGERS, James C, Pvt, DNB - RUSSELL, Melvin, Pfc, KIA - SHEARE, James, Pfc, DOW - SMITH, Archie C, Pvt, KIA - SMITH, James S, T/Sgt, FOD - TARTER, Herlan R, T/Sgt, FOD - WADE, Henry C, Pfc, KIA - WADE, Winfred H, T/Sgt, KIA - WADE, Winfred H, T/Sgt, KIA - WILSON, Curtis, Pvt, KIA SCOTT CO: AULICK, Robert B, Cpl, DNB - BARNETTE, E H Jr, S/Sgt, DNB - BRATTON, Charles T, S/Sgt, KIA - BROCKMAN, Eugene P, Pfc, KIA - BROOKS, Robert B, Pfc, DNB - BRUMBACK, Stanley B, Pvt, DOW - CAINS, Forest G, Pfc, DOW - CLELAND, Boyd R, Sgt, DNB - CONKLIN, William W, Pfc, DOW - COOK, Marcus W, Sgt, KIA - DONALDSON, Claude D, 1/st, FOD - FUGETT, Elmo D, Pfc, KIA - GREGORY, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - HALL, Albert D, Sgt, DOW - HAYNES, Warner E Jr, Pvt, KIA - HUMPHREY, John R, Pfc, KIA - JOHNSON, Kenenth P, Sgt, KIA - MILLER, Albert, Pvt, DNB - MILLER, Robert B, Pfc, KIA - MOORE, Robert A, Tec/5, DNB - MORGAN, Morris C, Sgt, KIA - MULBERRY, J W, Pfc, KIA - MUNSON, Gene H, Sgt, KIA - MOSS, George W, Pvt, DNB - NICHOLSON, Robert T, Pfc, DOW - PAYNE, Orville T, Tec/4, DNB - PORTER, Fletcher S, 2nd/Lt,KIA - RIDDLE, Ernest S, 2nd/Lt,KIA - SHUMATE, William W, Pft, KIA - SPAUR, Robert D, Tec/5, KIA - STEELE, Henry P, 1/st Lt, KIA - STEWARD, Eddie B, Pvt, KIA - TEEGARDEN, Roy T, Pfc, KIA - TRUE, Jefferson C, Pfc, DNB - WARE, Ros Jr, Cpl, DNB - WIGGINGTON, William E, 2nd/Lt, KIA - WRIGHT, Duard L, Pvt, KIA SHELBY CO: BARNETT, Paul T, 1/st Lt, DNB - BEECHER, Julius, Pfc, KIA - BIACI, Gregory J, pfc, KIA - BROOKS, William P, Tec/5, DOW - CARPENTER, F M SR, Pvt, KIA - COLEMAN, James M, Pfc, DNB - COLLINGS, William D, Tec/5, DNB - COWHERD, Lewis B, 2nd/Lt, DNB - DAWSON, George T, Pvt, DOW - EDGAR, William H, Tec/4, DNB - FIGG, Roy J, Cpl, KIA - FLOYD, Raymond E, T/Sgt, KIA - FREDERICK, Lewis S, Lt/Col, DNB - GADDIE, Homer, Pfc, KIA - GOINS, Everett E, T/Sgt, KIA - HAWKINS, Charles E, Pfc, DOW - HODSON, Robert W, Sgt, KIA - JACKSON, James B, S/Sgt, KIA - KENT, Walter T, 2nd/Lt, FOD - LITTON, Rufus C, Sgt, KIA - MADDOX, Jessee G Jr, T/Sgt, KIA - MAHONEY, Howard J, Cpl, KIA - MARTIN, Garnett, Pvt, KIA - MARTIN, Luster, Pfc, DNB - MARTIN, Louis G, Sgt, KIA - McBRIDE, James J, Pfc, KIA - NEWTON, Robert G, S/Sgt, DOW - PARIDO, Jessie T, Sgt, KIA - PHILLIPS, Allen, S/Sgt, DOW - ROGERS, Lawrence H, Pfc, KIA - RONEY, Glen H, Pfc, KIA - SCOTT, Robert H, Pfc, KIA - SHAW, Herbert w, Pfc, KIA - GEMPLE, William T, Pvt, DNB - TINDALL, Roy P, Pfc, KIA - WHEATLEY, John W, Pvt - DNB - YEARY, Arvil, Pvt, KIA SIMPSON CO: BERTRAM, Chester L, Sgt, DNB - CAUDILL, Morris E, Pfc, DOW - CLARK, Frank B, Tech/5, DNB - DAVIDSON, George S, Tec/5, DNB - GRAVES, Junior, Pvt, KIA - HALCOMB, Hugh A, Pfc, KIA - HARRIS, James A, Sgt, KIA - HATTER, Emmett P Jr, Pfc, KIA - HELM, Earl W, 2nd/Lt, DNB - HORNE, Willie D, Cpl, DNB - LAMB, Allen K, Av/C, DNB - LONG, Wallace F, Pfc, DOW - MINNICKS, William D, 2nd/Lt, DNB - SHORT, Richard K Jr, 2nd/Lt, DNB - SLATE, Irven G, T/Sgt, FOD - STAHL, John W, T/Sgt, DNB - THORPE, Junior L, Pvt, KIA - WHITAKER, China, Pvt, DNB - YOUNG, Robert D, Tec/4, DNB SPENCER CO: COLLINS, Samuel, Cpl, KIA - COX, Carl W, S/Sgt, KIA - CURTSINGER, Ivan L, Pfc, DNB - DOWNS, Clifton S, Pvt, KIA - DOWNS, Eugene W, Pvt, KIA - FALLS, William P, Tec/4, DNB - HUSBAND, Kenneth M, Pfc, KIA - JACKSON, Lindsay, Sgt, FOD - LUTZ, Melwood, T/Sgt, DNB - MOORE, Abe J, Pfc, DNB - SMITH, Virgil, Pfc, DOW - STOUT, Charles H, 2nd/Lt, DNB - WALDRIDGE, William C, Pvt, KIA - WARE, William E, Pvt, KIA - WELLS, Andrew J, 1st/Sgt, DNB TAYLOR CO: BLACK, Donald M, Pvt, KIA - BRAUN, Robert N, 2nd/Lt, KIA - BROCKMAN, Roy C, Pvt, KIA - CAFFEE, Guy M, S/Sgt, DOW - CALDWELL, James, Pvt, DNB - CALDWELL, James, S/Sgt, KIA - CARTER, Calvin T, Pvt, KIA - CAVE, Omer R, Pvt, KIA - CRABTREE, William H, Pfc, KIA - ERWIN, Eura, Pvt, DNB - GRIBBIN, Clement, Pfc, KIA - GRIBBIN, Frank R, Pvt, DOW - HARDIN, Jetson, Pvt, KIA - HARRISON, Cleston K, Sgt, FOD - JOHNS, Omar G, Pfc, KIA - JONES, James O, Pvt, DNB - MOSS, Robert H, Pvt, KIA - NELSON, James W, Pfc, KIA - PIKE, Raymond A, Pvt, DOW - PIKE, Virgil A, Sgt, DNB - POLLEY, James B, S/Sgt, KIA - POTTS, Paul R, Pvt, KIA - POWERS, Clelon, Pvt, DNB - PUCKETT, Guy, T/Sgt, KIA - PURYEAR, Lloyd W, S/Sgt, DNB - SKAGGS, Omer, Pvt, KIA - WILLIAMS, John R, Sgt, KIA - WILLOCK, Shelden S, 2nd/Lt, KIA - YOUNG, Omar D, Tec/3, KIA TODD CO: AUSTIN, James E, Pfc, KIA - BELL, Walter H, 2nd/Lt, DNB - BLAKE, Jessie A, Pvt, DNB - BLALOCK, James C, Pvt, DOW - BYERS, John D, Pvt, DNB - CANNON, Otho H, Pfc, DNB - DORRIS, Alfred W, S/Sgt, DNB - GOWER, Charles P, 2nd/Lt, KIA - HALL, James N, Pfc, KIA - HALL, Quenten R, Pfc, KIA - LYONS, Shelly R, Pvt, DOW - MINGLE, Ewing, Pvt, KIA - MORTON, Charles D, 2nd/LT, DNB - PORTER, Clydie B, Pfc, KIA - READ, William, Pfc, DNB - ROBINSON, Owen, Sgt, DOW - SATRATTON, Marvin F, Pvt, KIA - WEATHERS, Billy M, Capt, DNB TRIGG CO: AHART, Eldon R, Pfc, KIA - BARNES, Homer F, Sgt, DOW - CARR, William H, Pfc, DOW - COLSON, Elmo H, Pfc, DNB - COSSEY, Fay D, Pfc, KIA - CUNNINGHAM, Albert D, Pfc, KIA - CUNNINGHAM, Homer E, Pvt, DNB - CURRY, Boyce W, Pvt, DNB - DUNNING, Guy B, Pfc, DNB - EZELL, Jesse F, Pfc, KIA - FENNELL, Edwin, Pfc, DOW - GOODWIN, Edward F, S/Sgt, KIA - HENSON, Maynard T, Sgt, KIA - LARKINS, James M, Pvt, KIA - LAWRENCE, George S, 1/st LT, KIA - MITCHELL, James D, T/Sgt, KIA - NANCE, Robert L, Pvt, DOW - OLIVER, Sheller, Pvt, DNB - WILLIAMS, John W, Pvt, DNB TRIMBLE CO: ALEXANDER, Leland W, Pvt, DNB - CRAIG, Laverne, S/Sgt, DNB - GRAY, Donald RE, Pfc, KIA - McDOWELL, Mike R, Pvt, KIA - MEADOWS, Austin, Pfc, KIA - MILLER, Henry C, Sgt, DOW - SMITH, Malcom M, Pvt, KIA - STONESTREET, Lawrence, Pfc, KIA - WINSTEAD, Charles H, Pfc, KIA - YOCUM, Wilbur R, Pfc, DOW UNION CO: ADAMS, Marion L, Pvt, KIA - BERRY, John W, S/Sgt, KIA - BLANFORD, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - CAIN, Virgil O, S/Sgt, DNB - CAMBRON, Richard H, 1st/Lt, KIA - CARTWRIGHT, Billy T, S/Sgt, DNB - CAUDILL, Kenneth B, Pfc, KIA - CLEMENTS, Irving S, Pvt, KIA - CORBETT, Shelby E, T/Sgt, DNB - DAVIS, Edwin N, Tec/4, KIA - DeVORE, Thomas J, 1st/Sgt, KIA - ECHOLS, Richard A, Pvt, KIA - FRENCH, William C, Pfc, KIA - FRENCH, William P, Pvt, KIA - GREGORY, Carroll D, Major, DNB - HALL, Noah M, Pfc, KIA - HANCOCK, James E, S/Sgt, DNB - HANEY, Andrew A, M/Sgt, DNB - HEFFINGTON, George L, Cpl, DNB -HENSHAW, John W, 1st/Lt, KIA - HINTON, Harry L, Pvt, KIA - JONES, William F, Pfc, KIA - LINDSEY, Charlie T, Cpl, KIA - LOFTON, Earl C, Pfc, KIA - MASON, Harry A, Capt, KIA - MASON, Jesse D, Pvt, KIA - POLLEY, Billy J, Cpl, DNB - RAILEY, Sam L, Pfc, KIA - SCHNEIDER, John C, Sgt, DNB - SELLARS, Jesse F, Pfc, DOW - SMITH, Charles W, Pvt, KIA - THOMAS, Orbon Jr, Pfc, KIA - VAUGHN, Walter, Cpl, DNB - VAUGHN, William R, Pfc, KIA - WITT, Virgil R, Cpl, KIA - WOODS, Isaac W, Pfc, KIA - YATES, Parker C, Pvt, KIA - YOUNG, Arnold D, Sgt, KIA To be concluded next week. (c) Copyright Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

Many of you know that every Christmas, I write a special researching tip just to help us remember how it used to be. This Christmas message is especially for the children of our list members, but I think some of our parents and grandparents will enjoy it too - you who are young at heart. I was born in 1940 in the Midwest. To many of my readers, this would be ancient history. To me, it was just yesterday. Times were good then; times were bad. My parents had lived through the Great Depression and WW II raged during most of my early growing up years. People weren't as rich as they are now and many Christmases found parents without funds or the ability to purchase fancy toys for their children. One gift, if possible, for each child was a wondrous thing, and many gifts were hand made. There was rationing going on then which meant people received coupon books and could only buy a limited amount of grocery items, gasoline, nylons and other necessities. People who lived on a farm might fare better as they could raise a lot of their own fruits and vegetables, cattle, hogs, chicken or sheep. But, I remember certain snippits of Christmases past and how I ruined one year! I'd like to share a few memories with you just in case you younger readers don't get that fancy toy you had your heart set upon! We lived for a time in Lincoln, IL the first four years of my life. I remember my parents having a big old radio case in the living room. Transistor radios, CD's, boom boxes ... what are those? Radio's used to come in a large cabinet, had a circular gold dial and we would spend hours as a family sitting in front of the radio trying to pull in the few stations that were strong enough to hear. This radio didn't even work and the case was used as a table. It became one year a perfect place to hide my Christmas present since the internal workings had been taken out. My present that year was a teddy bear who I named Paddy O'Cinnamon, named for a radio series that played in 15 minute segments before Christmas. (I have since been able to obtain the audio tapes of the program). Paddy now has seen his better days, but he is still with me. He is missing a lot of his stuffing, and the nose is showing the straw used to fill his little body, but Paddy is just as loved. His "bride", Cindy O'Cinnamon joined him perhaps the next year and she was loved, but it was Paddy who shared all my adventures and travels. The Christmas I ruined was in Rochester, IL. We had moved there in 1945 and had a home across the pasture from my grandparent's farmhouse. It would be considered small in comparison to the big city folk's homes, but it was heaven to a little girl who loved the outdoors. We had a snow on Christmas Eve when I was around 6, making it more magical thatna child could hope for. Somehow, during the night, Santa had arrived at our house and when my Mom woke me on Christmas morning, she ran outside with me to show me the roof of the house. Sleigh tracks and little hoof prints graced the roof and I knew Santa hadn't forgotten me! I don't remember what Santa brought that year, but I surely remember the gift from my parents! I, being the curious sort, took every opportunity when my parents were out of the house, too snoop around, hoping to find THE package. Suddenly, looking way up high, I saw a brightly wrapped package sitting on the top of a hutch in the kitchen. I found a tall enough chair and stretched as far as I could to reach the package. My being tall must have helped and I made a little tear in the wrapping, I saw a set of metal garden tools, all in bright colors and just child sized! I loved gardening and flowers early in my life and was just thrilled!. I tried to turn the package around so my parents wouldn't see that hole; I don't remember if they caught on or not, but something tells me they did! I got my punishment that year for sneaking a peak early. Also seen on the top shelf was a box of candy. Well, I thought it was candy and ate several pieces of this chocolate called "Ex-Lax" or something like that! Over the years, there were presents that I loved, and most of which have faded from memory. Those I do remember would include some things the present generations would likely find most boring but brought hours of amusement to a little girl of the 1940's. One of my favorites was paper dolls. I think they're still around today, but a girl could spend hours cutting out or punching out the clothes and making up a story about the characters you've garbed. Dolls ... well, I wasn't into dolls all that much, I can only remember one. It was the year that dolls were made with hair that could be combed. My doll had come the year before and a little girl guest didn't know that. She tried to brush my doll's hair and it all fell out. Maybe that turned me off dolls for life! Teddy bears were always in abundance and we had our little tea-parties as girls do today. Books were always a treasured gift as I have always been an avid reader. Advancing from the Dick and Jane readers at school to the adventures of Little Women, the Nancy Drew series, any book about horses, dogs and bears. Coloring books, always a winner! Jigsaw puzzles. A set of jacks could amuse me for a long time, and were small enough to take to school and play with others during recess. Yo-Yo's, Silly Putty. Jump ropes were also great fun and I'm glad they haven't faded away! I just wish I had the energy to use one again! One year my favorite gift was a baton and I have pictures of me standing outside the house practicing my tosses. Clothing was not the most exciting gift but one of the necessities that appear under the tree today! Little tea sets entertained for hours. One of my favorite "toys", if it could be called that, I still have. It's in an old cigar box and I'm saving for my daughters. Its value in cash would be about $1.00. Its value in memories, priceless. Some company used to make miniature clothes pins for hanging doll's clothes. I found that if one laid the clothes pins on their side and stuck the ends together, it made a fabulous western corral or fence. Then, there has always been Cracker-Jacks (R) and their toy in each and every pack. I must have talked my Mom into many boxes of them and saved all the red, green, yellow and white plastic animals. They had lions, tigers, elephants, horses, cats and dogs. I would set them up and march them around the corral. I called my little town "Pandaville". (I told you I was into bears!). And then, being the tomboy I was, I really loved Roy Rogers and Dale Evans. One Christmas I received the ultimate gift, a Roy Rogers cowboy outfit. I wish I still could find one, but thankfully I have one faded picture of Cowgirl Sandi standing proudly in her Roy Rogers shirt, Roy Rogers chaps, Roy Rogers hat and holding my Roy Rogers pistol. We didn't worry about guns back then, we weren't about to go out and pretend it was a real gun and stage a robbery! There was one magic memory of my Uncle Norman hoisting me on the back of Mollie - one of my Grandfather's two Belgium work horses. He led me around the pasture as I sat on the extremely wide back of Mollie singing Roy's latest hit. There were other "girl" toys that I remember, whether I ever had one, long gone! Betty Boop dolls, sock monkey dolls, trikes and bikes (oh, I remember my first real bike and my Dad's frustration at trying to teach me to ride it down the country road. I did learn eventually and I'd ride for hours!). Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls were very popular. Now, I've been talking a lot about "girl" things and I'm not an expert on boys' toys! But from the depth of my memories and help from my aunt who raised my cousin during the same time frame, I can pull out a few things. Boys got balls, rather crude by today's standards. But that ball, with a stick from a dead tree, made for a grand game of baseball. Daisy BeeBee guns and Red Ryder guns. Cap pistols, toy farms where the boys built the farmhouse, farm and had the animals to complete the setting, Lincoln Logs, later erector sets. Baseball cards in bubble gum packs! Tonka Trucks. Toys that both boys and girls enjoyed might include games that would be played by the entire family such as Chinese Checkers, Monopoly and Pick Up Sticks. Card games came into popularity; my favorite, Old Maid! Canasta was introduced in the mid 1950's and could be played by the entire family, if the child's hand could hold so many cards. Radio Flyer wagons, marbles, Jacob's Ladder, rolling hoops, spinning tops, whistles, a comb with waxed paper over it to make a homemade harmonica. There was always the marvelous penny candy in Christmas stockings, candy canes, red hots, licorice, ribbon candy and fresh fruit which was normally a shiny red apple or a brilliantly colored orange. Some little candy bites came in glass figurines which could be saved for decorations over the years. To finish the Christmas season was the tree. Real trees were used and either cut by the family from the farm or purchased at a tree lot with the hope that the needles wouldn't fall off before Christmas or that it wouldn't catch fire. The tree was seated in a container that had to be filled with water to provide moisture. Trees weren't put up as early as they are today, primarily because the family wanted the tree to be green on Christmas morning, not a bare trunk! Real candles were used in the earlier years which caused many fires, but by the time I could remember, the decorations were large, glass and sometimes gaudy; some of the lights shaped like candles which bubbled. I note more and more of the old-style decorations coming back into popularity today. We made popcorn strings (eating a lot as we went), with the popcorn threaded on string. The child's contribution was also a bright garland made from construction paper. We made them in school with red, green and white paper we had lovingly cut and then looped them together held together by the old standby, white paste. Our entertainment on Christmas Day, after church, depended on the weather. We rode our bikes, hauled the neighbor kids or our pets in our wagons, played jacks ... and maybe we just sat around that old radio and listened to the world outside. So many programs are still remembered today - Jack Benny, Fibber Magee and Molly, The Green Hornet, The Lone Ranger, Burns and Allen, a space program, a detective show with the character Sam Spade. We heard the news, listened to music and sat as close as we could as the stations faded in and out. Church services were awesome to a young child. Most times there was a children's choir who giggled a lot while trying to make it through the Christmas carols. Boys dressed as the shepherds or the wise men, Mary and Baby Jesus, who was normally a doll. Angels appearing on stage, holding on to their halos and bumping everyone with their wings. Then, if one lived in town, Christmas caroling down the streets as neighbors and friends came to the door to listen to the many time off-key renditions. The best of all was the Christmas Dinner! If you were fortunate enough to have a large family or could go "over the hills and through the woods" to Grandmother's house, the sights and sounds of those Christmas dinners will last a life-time. Turkey, with the wonderful stuffing made of bread crumbs, mushrooms, celery, onions, apple pieces and walnuts; cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes that didn't come from a box, gravy spilling over the sides, every vegetable imaginable, pumpkin pie made from scratch and topped off with whipped cream, pecan pies, hot cider or eggnog sprinkled with nutmeg. Passing the food, sitting at the children's table if there were too many adults, saying grace for the blessings of the past year, giggling, spilled glasses, tummy aches from too much overeating, listening to the grownups talk, trying to sit still and mind your manners. It surely is better than a "tv" dinner in front of a sitcom! Years passed and seemingly overnight, I grew up, married and had two daughters of my own, now also adults. My joy of Christmas has never diminished and I hope that somehow my daughters remember some of the cherished times we shared. We spent Christmases all over the United States, greeting Santa in Illinois, Missouri, Texas, Arizona and Kentucky. In Arizona, where we did get a snow or so up in the mountains where we lived, most Christmases were warm and toasty. But, somehow Santa managed to arrive right on schedule, even leaving snowy footprints on the carpet! Now, my daughters are grown but the magic of Christmas and it's reminder of the first Christmas has never diminished. When I go shopping and see all the mechanical toys, electronic gadgets, computers, games --- they may be nice but I bet they're not half as much fun as our little stick ponies, cowboy/cowgirl outfits, and games where the whole family played! Merry Christmas to all and God's richest blessings. Sandi (c) Copyright Sandra K.Gorin, 19 Dec 2003, All Rights Reserved. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

Hi, Sandi Gorin stopped by my site, postcards.rootsweb.com and created a Virtual Card just for you! To pick up your card, simply point your browser at the page listed below. http://postcards.rootsweb.com/cards/dec11-1569714682.html The card will remain on the server for about one month, so please print it out or save it as soon as you can.

TIP #470 - THE CODE OF HONOR, CONCLUSION For those of you who missed the first two posts, click on the URL in my signature line called SCKY LINKS. Then click on the research link and you will find the archives of these posts. CHAPTER 5 - Duty of Principals and Seconds On the Ground. 1. The principals are to be respectful in meeting, and neither by look or expression irritate each other. They are to be wholly passive, being entirely under the guidance of their seconds. 2. When once posted, they are not to quit their positions under any circumstances, without leave or direction of their second. 3. When the principals are posted, the second giving the word, must tell them to stand firm until he repeats the giving of the word, in the manner it will be given when the parties are at liberty to fire. 4. Each second has a loaded pistol, in order to enforce a fair combat according to the rules agreed on; and if a principal fires before the word or time agreed on, he is at liberty to fire at him, and if such second's principal fall, it is his duty to do so. 5. If after a fire, either party be touched, the duel is to end; and no second is excusable who permits a wounded friend to fight; and no second who knows his duty, will permit his friend to fight a man already hit. I am aware that they have been many instances where a contest has continued, not only after slight, but severe wounds, had been received. In all such cases, I think the seconds are blameable. 6. If after an exchange of shots, neither party be hit, it is the duty of the second of the challengee, to approach the second of the challenger and say: "Our friends have exchanged shots, are you satisfied, or is there any cause why the contest should be continued?" If the meeting be of no serious cause of complaint, where the party complaining had in no way been deeply injured, or grossly insulted, the second of the party challenging should reply: "The point of honor being settled, there can, I conceive, be no objection to a reconciliation, and I propose that our principals meet on middle ground, shake hands and be friends." If this be acceded to by the second of the challengee, the second of the party challenging says: "We have agreed that the present duel shall cease, the honor of each of you is preserved, and you will meet on middle ground, shake hands and be reconciled." 7. If the insult be of serious character, it will be the duty of the second of the challenger, to say, in reply to the second of the challangee: "We have been deeply wronged, and if you are not disposed to repair the injury, the contest must continue." And if the challengee offers nothing by way of reparation, the fight continues until one or the other of the principles is hit. 8. If in cases where the contest is ended by the seconds, as mentioned in the sixth rule of this chapter, the parties refuse to meet and be reconciled, it is the duty of the seconds to withdraw from the field, informing their principals, that the contest must be continued under the superintence of other friends. But if one agrees to this arrangement of the seconds, and the other does not, the second of the disagreeing principal only withdraws. 9. If either principal on the ground refuses to fight or continue the fight when required, it is the duty of the second to say to the other second: "I have come upon the ground with a coward, and do tender you my apology for the ignorance of his character; you are at liberty to post him." The second, by such conduct, stands excused to the opposite party. 10. When the duel is ended by a party being hit, it is the duty of the second to the party so hit, to announce the fact to the second of the party hitting, who will forthwith tender any assistance he can command to the disabled principal. If the party challenging, hit the challengee, it is his duty to say he is satisfied, and will leave the ground. If the challenger be hit, upon the challengee being informed of it, he should ask through his second, whether he is at liberty to leave the ground, which should be assented to. CHAPTER VI - Who Should Be on the Ground. 1. The principals, seconds, one surgeon and one assistant surgeon to each principal; but the assistant surgeon may be dispensed with. 2. Any number of friends that the seconds agree on, may be present, provided they do not come within the degrees of consanguinity mentioned in the seventy rule of Chapter 1. 3. Persons admitted on the ground, are carefully to abstain by word or behavior, from any act that might be the least exceptionable; nor should they stand near the principals or seconds, or hold conversations with them. CHAPTER VII - Arms, and Manner of Loading and Presenting Them. 1. The arms used should be smooth-bore pistols, not exceeding nine inches in length, with flint and steel. Percussion pistols may be mutually used if agreed on, but to object on that account is lawful. 2. Each second informs the other when he is about to load, and invites his presence, but the seconds rarely attend on such invitation, as gentlemen maybe safely trusted in the matter. 3. The second, in presenting the pistol to his friend, should never put it in his pistol hand, but should place it in the other, which is grasped midway the barrel, with muzzle pointing in the contrary way to that which he is to fire, informing him that his pistol is leaded and ready for use. Before the word is given, the principal grasps the butt firmly in his pistol hand, and bring it round, with the muzzle downward to the fighting position. 4. The fighting position is with the muzzle down and the barrel from you; for although it may be agreed that you may hold your pistol with the muzzle up, it maybe objected to, as you can fire sooner from that position, and consequently have a decided advantage, which ought not to be claimed, and should not be granted. CHAPTER VIII - The Degrees of Insult and How Compromised. 1. The prevailing rule is, that words used in retort, although more violent and disrespectful than those first used, will not satisfy - words being no satisfaction for words. 2. When words are used, and a blow given in return, the insult is avenged; and if redress be sought, it must be from the person receiving the blow. 3. When blows are given in the first instance and not returned, and the person first striking, be badly beaten or otherwise, the party first struck is to make the demand, for blows do not satisfy a blow. 4. Insults at a wine table, when the company are over-excited, must be answered for; and if the party insulting have no recollection of the insult, it is his duty to say so in writing, and negative the insult. For instance, if a man say: "you are a liar and no gentleman," he must, in addition to the plea of the want of recollection, say, "I believe the party insulted to be a man of the strictest veracity and a gentleman." 5. Intoxication is not a full excuse for insult, but it will greatly palliate. If it was a full excuse, it might be well counterfeited to wound feelings, or destroy character. 6. In all cases of intoxication, the seconds must use a sound discretion under the above general rules. 7. Can every insult be compromised? Is a mooted and vexed question. On this subject, no rules can be given that will be satisfactory. The old opinion, that a blow must require blood, is not of force. Blows may be compromised in many cases. What those are, much depend on the seconds. END (c) Copyright 11 December 2003, Sandra K. Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

SECOND'S DUTY BEFORE CHALLENGE SENT. 1. Whenever you are applied to by a friend to act as his second, before you agree to do so, state distinctly to your principal that you will be governed only by your own judgment, - that he will not be consulted after you are in full possession of the facts, unless it becomes necessary to make or accept the amende honorable, or send a challenge. You are supposed to be cool and collected, and your friend's feelings are more or less irritated. 2. Use every effort to smoothe and tranquilize your principal; do not see things in the same aggravated light in which he views them; extenuate the conduct of his adversary whenever you see clearly an opportunity to do so, without doing violence to your friend's irritated mind. Endeavor to persuade him that there must have been some misunderstanding in the matter. Check him if he uses opprobrious epithet towards his adversary, and never permit improper or insulting words in the note you carry. 3. To the note you carrying writing to the party complained of, you are entitled to a written answer, which will be directed to your principal and will be delivered to you by his adversary's friend. If this be not written in the style of a gentlemen, refuse to receive it, and assign your reason for such refusal. If there be a question made as to the character of the note, require the second presenting it to you, who considers it respectful, to endorse upon it these words: "I consider the note of my friend respectful, and would not have been the bearer of it, if I believed otherwise." 4. If the party called on, refuses to receive the note you bear, you are entitled to demand a reason for such refusal. If he refuses to give you any reason, and persists in such refusal, he treats, not only your friend, but yourself, with indignity, and you must then make yourself the actor, by sending a respectful note, requiring a proper explanation of the course, he has pursued towards you and your friend; and if he still adheres to his determination, you are to challenge or post him. 5. If the person to whom you deliver the note of your friend, declines meting him on the ground of inequality, you are bound to tender yourself in his stead, by a note directed to him from yourself, and if he refuses to meet you, you are to post him. 6. In all cases of the substitution of the second for the principal, the seconds should interpose and adjust the matter, if the party substituting avows he does not make the quarrel of his principal his own. The true reason for substitution, is the supposed insult of imputing to you the like inequality which if charged upon your friend, and when the contrary is declared, there should be no fight, for individuals may well differ in their estimate of an individual's character and standing in society. In case of substitution and a satisfactory arrangement, you are then to inform your friend of all the facts, whose duty it will be to post in person. 7. If the party, to whom you present a note, employ a son, father or brother, as a second, you may decline acting with either, on the ground of consanguinity. 8. If a minor wishes you to take a note to an adult, decline doing so, on the ground of his minority. But if the adult complained of, had made a companion of the minor in society, you may bear the note. 9. When an accomodation is tendered, never require too much; and if the party offering the amende honorable, wishes to give a reason for his conduct in the matter, do not, unless offensive to your friend, refuse to receive it; by so doing youmay heal the breach more effectually. 10. If a stranger wishes you to bear a note for him, be well satisfied before you do so, that he is on an equality with you; and in presenting the note, state to the party the relationship you stand towards him; for strangers are entitled to redress for wrongs, as well as others, and the rules of honor and hospitality should protect him. CHAPTER II - THE PARTY RECEIVING A NOTE BEFORE CHALLENGE. 1. When a note is presented to you by an equal, receive it, and read it, although you may supposed it to be from one you do not intend to meet, because its requisites may be of a character which may readily be complied with. But if the requirements of a note cannot be acceded to, return it, through the medium of your friend, to the person who handed it to you, with your reason for returning it. 2. If the note received be in abusive terms, object to its reception, and return it for that reason; but if it be respectful, return an answer of the same character, in which respond correctly and openly to all interrogatories fairly propounded and hand it to your friend, who, it is presumed, you have consulted, and who has advised the answer; direct it to the opposite party, and let it be delivered to his friend. 3. You may refuse to receive a note from a minor, (if you have not made an associate of him); one that has been posted; one that has been publicly disgraced without resenting it; one whose occupation is unlawful; a man in his dotage and a lunatic. There may be other cases, but the character of those enumerated will lead to the correct decision upon those omitted. If you receive a note from a stranger, you have a right to a reasonable time to ascertain his standing in society, unless he is fully vouched for by his friend. 4. If a party delays calling on you for a week or more, after the supposed insult, and assigns no cause for the delay, if you require it, you may double the time before you respond to him; for the wrong cannot be considered aggravated, if borne patiently for some days, and the time may have a been in preparation and practice. Second's Duty of the Party Receiving a Note Before Challenge Sent. 1. When consulted by your friend, who has received a note requiring explanation, inform him distinctly that he must be governed wholly by you in the progress of the dispute. If he refuses, decline to act on that ground. 2. Use the utmost efforts to allay all excitement which your principal may labor under; search diligently into the origin of the misunderstanding; for gentlemen seldom insult each other, unless they labor under some misapprehension or mistake; and when you have discovered the original ground of error, follow each movement to the time of sending of the note, and harmony will be restored. 3. When your principal refuses to do what you require of him, decline further acting on that ground, and inform the opposing second of your withdrawal from the negotiation. CHAPTER III - Duty of Challengee and His Second Before Fighting. 1. After all efforts for a reconciliation are over, the party aggrieved sends a challenge to his adversary, which is delivered to his second. 2. Upon the acceptance of the challenge, the seconds make the necessary arrangements for the meeting, in which each party is entitled to a perfect equality. The old notion that the party challenged, was authorized to name the time, place, distance and weapon, has been long since exploded; nor would a man of chivalric honor use such a right, if he possessed it. The time must be as soon as practicable, the place such as had ordinarily been used where the parties are, the distance usual, and the weapon that which is most generally used, which, in this State, is the pistol. 3. If the challengee insist upon what is not usual in time, place, distance, and weapon, do not yield the point, and tender in writing what is usual in each, and if he refuses to give satisfaction, then your friend may post him. 4. If your friend be determined to fight and not post, you have the right to withdraw. But if you continue to act, and the challengee name a distance and weapon not usual and more fatal than the ordinary distance and weapon, you have the right to tender a still more deadly distance and weapon, and he must accept. 5. The usual distance is from ten to twenty paces, as may be agreed on; and the seconds in measuring the ground, usually step three feet. 6. After all the arrangements are made, the seconds determine the giving of the word and position, by lot; and he who gains, has the choice of the one or the other, selects whether it be the word or the position, but he cannot have both. CHAPTER IV. Duty of Challengee and Second After Challenge Sent. 1. The challengee has no option when negotiation has ceased, but to accept the challenge. 2. The second makes the necessary arrangements with the second of the person challenging. The arrangements are detailed in the preceding chapter. To be concluded next week. (c) Copyright 4 December 2003, Sandra K. Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #468 - THE CODE OF HONOR - PART 1 I was recently given a copy of the following little booklet and I thought you might be interested to read how the State governments handled the act of dueling. I have written before of the Code Duello; this is the basis for the rules. While this covers all the states, the state of Kentucky is the only known state where officials, while taking the oath of office, swear that they will not engage in dueling. The booklet might be a little verbose at times, but it is a part of our history and I hope you enjoy it. The booklet, or paper, was entitled "The Code of Honor or Rules For the Government Of Principles And Seconds In Duelling." It was penned by John Lyde Wilson in Charleston, SC, printed by James Phinney in the rear of 48 Broad-st., 1858. "TO THE PUBLIC. The man who adds in any way to the sum of human happiness is strictly in the discharge of a moral duty. When Howard visited the victims of crime and licentiousness, to reform their habits and ameliorate their condition, the question was never asked whether he had been guilty of like excesses or not? The only question the philanthropist would propound, should be, has the deed been done in the true spirit of Christian benevolence? Those who know me, can well attest the motive which has caused the publication of the following sheets, to which they for a long time urged me in vain. Those who do not know me, have no right to impute a wrong motive; and if they do, I had rather be the object, than the authors of condemnation. To publish a CODE OF HONOR, to govern in cases of individual cases of individual combat, might seem to imply, that the publisher was an advocate of duelling, and wished to introduce it as the proper mode of deciding all personal difficulties and misunderstandings. Such implication would do me great injustice. But if the question be directly put to me, whether there are not cases where duels are right and proper, I would unhesitatingly answer, there are. If an oppressed nation has a right to appeal to arms in defence of its liberty and the happiness of its people, there can be no argument used in support of such appeal, which will not apply with equal force to individuals. How many cases are there, that might be enumerated, where there is no tribunal to do justice to an oppressed and deeply wronged individual? If he be subjected to a tame submission to insult and disgrace, where no power can shield him from its effects, then indeed it would seen, that the first law of nature, self-preservation, points out the only remedy for his wrongs. The history of all animated nature exhibits a determined resistance to encroachments upon natural rights, - nay, I might add, inanimate nature, for it also exhibits a continual warfare for supremacy. Plants of the same kind, as well as trees, do not stop their vigorous growth because they overshadow their kind; but, on the contrary, flourish with great vigor as the more weak and delicate decline and die. Those of different species are at perpetual warfare. The sweetest rose tree will sicken and waste on the near approach of the noxious bramble, and the most promising fields of wheat yield a miserable harvest if choked up with tares and thistles. The elements themselves war together, and the angels of heaven have met in fierce encounter. The principle of self-preservation is co-extensive with creation; and when by education we make character and moral worth a part of ourselves, we guard these possessions with more watchful zeal than life itself, and would go farther for their protection. "When one finds himself avoided in society, his friends shunning his approach, his substance wasting, his wife and children in want around him, and traces of his misfortunes and misery to the slanderous tongue of the calumniator, who, by secret whisper or artful inuendo, had sapped and undermined his reputation, he must be more or less than man to submit in silence. "The indiscriminate and frequent appeal to arms, to settle trivial disputes and misunderstandings, cannot be too severely censured and deprecated. I am no advocate for such duelling. But in cases where the laws of the country give no redress for injuries received, where public opinion not only authorizes, but enjoins resistance, it needless and a waste of time to denounce the practice. It will be persisted in as long as a manly independence, and a lofty personal pride in all that dignifies and enables the human character, shall continue to exist. If a man be smote on one cheek in public, and he turns the other, which is also smitten, and he offers no resistance, but blesses him that so despitefully used him, I am aware he is in the exercise of great Christian forbearance, highly recommended and enjoined by many very good men, but utterly repugnant to those feelings which nature and education have implanted in the human character. If it was possible to enact laws so severe and impossible to be evaded, as to enforce such rule of behavior, all that is honorable in the community would quit the country and inhabit the wilderness with the Indians. If such a course of conduct was infused by education into the minds of our youth, and it became praiseworthy and honorable for a man to submit to insult and indignity, then indeed the forbearance might be borne without disgrace. Those, therefore, who condemn all who do not denounce duelling in every case, should establish schools where a passive submission to force would be the exercise of a commendable virtue. I have not the least doubt, that if I had been educated in such a school, and lived in such a society, I would have proved a very good member of it. But I much doubt, if a seminary of learning was established, where this Christian forbearance was inculcated and enforced, whether there would be many scholars. "I would not wish to be understood to say, that I do not desire to see duelling cease to exist entirely, in society. But my plan for doing it away, is essentially different from the one which teaches a passive forbearance to insult and indignity. I would inculcate in the rising generation a spirit of lofty independence; I would have them taught that nothing was more derogatory to the honor of a gentleman, than to wound the feelings of any one, however humble. That if wrong to be done to another, it was more an act of heroism and bravery to repair the injury, than to persist in error, and enter into mortal combat with the injured party. This would be an aggravation of that which was already odious, and would put him without the pale of all decent society and honorable men. I would strongly inculcate the propriety of being tender of the feelings, as well as the failings, of those around him. I would teach immutable integrity, and uniform urbanity of manners. Scrupulously to guard individual honor, by a high personal self-respect, and the practice of every commendable virtue. Once let such a system of education be universal, and we should seldom hear, if ever, of any more dueling. "The severest penal enactments cannot restrain the practice of dueling, and their extreme severity in this State, the more effectually shields the offenders. The teaching and preaching of our eloquent Clergy, may do some service, but is wholly inadequate to suppress it. Under these circumstances, the following rules are given to the public, and if I can save the life of one useful member of society, I will be compensated. I have restored to the bosoms of many, their sons, by my timely interference, who are ignorant of the misery I have averted from them. I believe that nine duels out of ten, if not ninety-nine out of a hundred, originate in the want of experience in the seconds. A book of authority, to which they can refer in matters where they are uninformed, will therefore be a desideratum. How far this code will be that book, the public is to decide. THE AUTHOR. "RULES FOR PRINCIPALS AND SECONDS IN DUELING. CHAPTER 1. The Person Insulted, Before Challenge Sent. 1. Whenever you believe that you are insulted, if the insult be in public and by words or behavior, never resent it there, if you have self-command enough to avoid noticing it. If resented there, you offer an indignity to the company which you should not. 2. If the insult be by blows or any personal indignity, it may be resented at the moment, for the insult to the company did not originate with you. But although resented at the moment, you are bound still to have satisfaction, and must therefore make the demand. 3. When you believe yourself aggrieved, be silt on the subject, speak to no one about the matter, and see your friend, who is to act for you, as soon as possible. 4. Never send a challenge in the first instance, for that precludes all negotiation. Let your note be in the language of a gentleman, and let the subject mater of complaint be truly and fairly set forth, cautiously avoiding attributing to the adverse party any improper motive. 5. When your second is in full possession of the facts, leave the whole mater to his judgment, and avoid any consultation with him unless he seeks it. He has the custody of your honor, and by obeying him you cannot be compromitted. 6. Let the time of demand upon your adversary after the insult, be as short as possible, for he has the right to double that time in replying to you, unless you give him some good reason for your delay. Each party is entitled to reasonable time, to make the necessary domestic arrangements, by will or otherwise, before fighting. 7. To a written communication you are entitled to a written reply, and it is the business of your friend to require it. To be continued next week with the Second's Duty Before Challenge Sent. (c) Copyright Sandra K. Gorin, 20 Nov 2003. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

Codes used: KIA=killed in action DOW=died of wounds DOI=died of injuries DNB=died non-battle FOD=finding of death M=missing PIKE CO: ABSHIRE, Willis, PFC, KIA - ADKINS, Anthony L., PFC, KIA - ADKINS, James E, Pvt, DNB - ANDERSON, Fonso, Sgt, KIA - ANDERSON, Fred, Pfc, KIA - BALES, Thomas S, Tec/5, KIA - BARTLEY, Kermit W, S/Sgt, KIA - BAUMBARDNER, Paul T, Pfc, KIA - BENTLEY, Clyde, Pvt, KIA - BENTLEY, Hayes (NMI), Sgt, DOW - BEVENS, Edgar C, Pvt, KIA - BEVINS, Lloyd, Pfc, KIA - BEVINS, Herbert E, M/Sgt, DNB - BLACKBURN, Charles E, Sgt, FOD - BLACKBURN, Eldon, Pvt, DNB - BLACKBURN, Fred, Pvt, KIA - BLACKBURN, Quinton R, Cpl, KIA - BLACKBURN, Walter H, Pfc, KIA - BLACKBURN, Woodrow W, Pvt, DNB, Blevins, Roy, Sgt, KIA - BROWN, Jacob S, M/Sgt, DNB - BUCKNER, Ray M, Tec/3, DNB - BURNETT, Ervin Jr, Pvt, DNB - BURNETTE, Gordon, Pfc, DNB - CALVERT, Leslie, Pfc, KIA - CARTER, Orville, Pfc, DNB - CHAFFINS, Fred, Pvt, KIA - CHAPMAN, Woodrow W, Pfc, KIA - CLEVENGER, George A, Pfc, KIA - CLEVINGER, Clyde, Sgt, FOD - COLEMAN, Glen (NMI), Pvt, KIA - COLEMAN, Sidney, Pfc, KIA - COMPTON, Foster, S/Sgt, KIA - COUNTS, Warren G, Pfc, KIA - DAMERON, Frank C, S/Sgt, KIA - DAMRON, Amos, Pvt, KIA - DAMRON, Charles, Sgt, KIA - DAMRON, John, Prfc, DOW - DANIELS, Foster G, 1st/Lt, KIA - DARNELL, Arvil, Pfc, DNB - DIXON, Ulice, Pfc, FOD - DOTSON, Earl E, Pfc, KIA - DOTSON, Edward P, S/Sgt, DNB - DUFF, William H Jr, 2nd/Lt, KIA - ELSWICK, Mason, Pvt, KIA - ESTEP, Audley, Pfc, FOD - EVANS, James A, Pvt, DNB - FIELDS, Dock W, Pfc, KIA - FLANARY, Newt, Pfc,KIA - FORSYTH, Harry V, Capt, KIA - FRANCIS, Bill (NMI), Pvt, DOW, FRANCISCO, Jean T, Tec/5, DNB - FULLER, Anderson E, Tec/4, DNB - GILL, Albert B, Pvt, DNB - GILLIAM, Treamon, Sgt, KIA - GREER, Carol W, Sgt, KIA - GRIFFITH, Corbet, Pvt, KIA - GUNNELLS, James V, Pfc, DNB, HAMLIN, Everett, Pfc, KIA - HANNERS, Grover, Pvt, DOI - HAY, Carsey C, Sgt, KIA - HOBBS, Curtis, Pvt, KIA - HOLBROOK, Elmer R, Pfc, KIA - HOLLAND, Fred, Pfc, DOW -HOWARD, Fairis, Pfc,KIA - HUFFMAN, Paul, Tec/5, DOW - HUFFMAN, Sam, Sgt, KIA - HUFFMAN, William A, Pfc, DOW - HUFFMAN, William C, Pvt, KIA - JACKSON, Red, 1st/Lt, DNB - JACKSON, Walter, S/Sgt, KIA - JARRETT, Robert N, S/Sgt, DOW - JONES, Hoyle L, Pfc, KIAQ - JONES, John H, Pvt, KIA - JUSTICE, Hazard, S/Sgt, KIA - JUSTICE, Phillip C, Pvt, KIA - JUSTICE, Quentin H, Pfc, KIA - KEENE, Willis, Pvt, KIA - KIDD, Cauley N, Pvt, KIA - KING, Donald E, Sgt, KIA - KINNEY, Robert H, Pvt, KIA - KISH, Emil G, Pfc, KIA - LAYNE, Edwin, Pfc, DNB - LESTER, Dewey C, Tec/5, KIA - LONG, Lester W, 1st/Lt, DNB - LUSK, Charles C, S/Sgt, KIA - MAY, Charlie R, Pvt, KIA - MAY, Woodrow, Pfc, KIA - MAYNARD, Edward, Pfc, DOW - MAYNARD, Paul W, T/Sgt, KIA - MAYNARD, Willis Jr, Pvt, DNB - McCOY, Edward, Pfc, KIA - McCOY, Robert E, Sgt, FOD - MILLER, Charles L, Pfc, KIA - MILLER, Michael R, 2nd/Lt, FOD - MILLER, Samuel M, Pfc, DOW - MITCHELL, John, Sgt, KIA - MOORE, Arlin, Pvt, KIA - MORTON, Avery, Pvt, KIA - MULLINS, Estil J, Sgt, KIA - MULLINS, Hi (NMI), S/Sgt, KIA - MULLINS, Homer, Pvc, DOW - MULLINS, Raymond, Pvt, DOW - MULLINS, Trimble, Pvt, DNB - NEWSOME, Estill G, T/Sgt, KIA - NEWSOME, Jonas, Pfc, KIA - NOE, William H, S/Sgt, KIA - OAKS, Robert M, Pfc, KIA - OWENS, Lonnie, S/Sgt, FOD - OWENS, Paul E, Sgt, KIA - PACK, Walter, Tec/4, KIA - PATRICK, John R, Pvt, KIA - PERRINE, Sam H, Major, KIA - PHILLIPS, Cecil, Tec/5, DNB, PHILLIPS, Clinton P, Pvt, DNB - POLlIS, Joe, Pfc, KIA - Potter, Claude S, Pfc, KIA - PRATER, Harold, Sgt, DOW - PROWS, Joseph S, Pvt, KIA - PSIMER, Lennie E B, Pvt, KIA - PUGH, Alvis, Pvt, DOW - PUGH, Eugene, Pvt, KIA - QUESENBERRY, Perry, Pvt, DOW - RAMEY, Johnie F, Pfc, KIA - RATLIFF, Lonza B, Pfc, KIA - RATLIFF, Randall, Pvt, KIA - RATLIFF, Victor B, Sgt, KIA - RAY, Garfield, Pvt, DOW - RAY, William J, Pvt, KIA - RENFRO, James R, Cpl, KIA - ROBERTS, Bennett M, Pvt, KIA - ROBINTTE, Clayton, Sgt, KIA - ROBINSON, Clifford E, Cpl, DNB - ROBINSON, Don, Pvt, KIA - ROBINSON, Robert R, S/Sgt, KIA - ROBINSON, Stanley, Pfc, KIA - ROGERS, Sylester, Pfc, FOD - ROMANS, Hubert A, Pvt, KIA - RUNYON, Trimble W, Pvt, DOW - RUNYON, Walter, Pfc, KIA - SARVAS, Dave, Pfc, FOD - SCOTT, Edgar W, Pvt, KIA - SCOTT, Jeff, Pfc, DNB - SCOTT, Johnny G, Tec/5, KIA - SEIBERT, Joe, Pvt, KIA - SIRGINNIS, James, Pfc, DOW - SLONE, Jack E, Pvt, KIA - SMITH, Estle, Pvt, DNB - SMITH, John J, Pfc, KIA - SMITH, Levi, S/Sgt, KIA - SNIDER, Everett E, Pvt, KIA - STANLEY, GOBLE, Pfc, KIA - STANLEY, William J, Pvt, KIA - STELL, John D, Pvt, KIA - STONE, Haney, Pvt, KIA - STOOTS, Buster, pfc, KIA - STRATTON, Marion D, Pvt, KIA - TACKETT, Ireland, CPl, KIA - TACKITT, Danville, Pfc, DNB - TAYLOR, Willie, Pfc, DNB - THACKER, Jimpie, S/Sgt, KIA - VANHOOSE, Woodrow E, Pvt, KIA - VARNEY, Don, Pvt, DNB - VARNEY, Elmo, Sgt, KIA - VARNEY, Thomas J, Pvt, DOW - WARD, Lonzie T, Cpl, DNB - WATRAL, Steve, Pfc, KIA - WEST, Claude V, Pvt, KIA - WHICKER, Clifford, Cpl, KIA - WHITE, Hubert, Pvt, DNB - WILLIAMS, Clyde, Pvt, KIA - WILLIAMS, Hasco, Pvt, KIA - WILLIAMSON, Arnold B, Pfc, KIA - WOLFORD, Dave, Pvt, KIA - YORK, Joe, Sgt, KIA - YORK, Philip A, Pvt, FOD POWELL CO: BAKER, Arthur G, Tec/5, KIA - BOOTH, James O, Pvt, KIA - BURGHER, Benjamin J, Cpl, DNB - CROWE, Ell B, Pfc, KIA - CROWE, R Lee, 2nd/Lt, DNB - ESTES, Russell, Tech/5, DOW - HALL, Otis G, Pvt, KIA - HATTON, Charles C, S/Sgt, DNB - HOBBS, Jesse I, Pfc, KIA - KNOX, Robert, Pvt, KIA - McCLURE, Leonard, Pfc, KIA - MEANS, Kenneth, Pfc, FOD - MORTON, Fred, Sgt, DOW - PATRICK, Jethro, Pfc, DOW - PUCKETT, Nute, Sgt, KIA - RAYBAULD, Theodore, Sgt, KIA - SMALLWOOD, Lonnie C, Pfc, KIA - WELCH, Virgil R, Pfc, KIA PULASKI CO: ABSHER, John Jr, Sgt, KIA - ADAMS, Delmar, T/Sgt, KIA - ADAMS, Henry L, Cpl, DNB - BARKER, James L, Pfc, KIA - BASTIN, Junior C, Pvt, KIA - BESHARS, Herford C, Pfc, KIA - BLANKENSHIP, Edwin M, Pfc, KIA - BLEVINS, Jane M, 2nd/Lt, DNB - BLEVINS, Lloyd O, Sgt, DNB - BOURNE, Sam K - S/Sgt, DNB - BOYER, Alton H, Pvt, KIA - BULLOCK, Edwin H, Pfc, DOW - BUMGARDNER, James W, Pfc, DOW - BURTON, Virthel, Pvt,KIA - CHANEY, William K, Pfc, KIA - COMBEST, Doyle, Pfc, KIA - COMBEST, James O, 2nd/Lt, KIA - COOK, Harold N, Pvt, KIA - COOPER, Paul A, Pvt, DOW - CORNETT, William R, Pvt, DNB - CUNDIFF, John, Pfc, KIA - CUNDIFF, Morton A, Capt, DNB - DAUGHETEE, Clyde L, Sgt, DNB - DENNEY, Hershel B, Pvt, KIA - DUNAGAN, Thomas E, Pfc, KIA - DUNBAR, James F, Pvt, KIA - DYE, Albert, Pfc, KIA - DYKES, Edwin P, S/Sgt, KIA - DYKES, James H, Pvt, KIA - EATON, Charles V, Tec/4, KIA - EVANS, Taskel H, T/Sgt, KIA - FEESE, Rollin M Jr, S/Sgt, FOD - FLOYD, Ray, Pvt, KIA - FLOYD, Robert L, S/Sgt, KIA - FOX, Milford L, Pfc, KIA - FUGATE, Howard E, Sgt, KIA - GAINES, Delbert, Pvt, KIA - GARLAND, James B, Pfc, KIA - GHOLSON, Tirl, Tec/4, DOW - GIRDLER, Edgar E, Capt, KIA - HAIR, Eugene C, Pvt, DNB - HALL, Lawrence, 2nd/Lt, KIA - HAMMONDS, Alfred, Pvt, DNB - HAMPTON, Winfred, Pfc, DNB - HANCOCK, Donald E, Pvt, KIA - HARDY, Cecil B, Pfc, KIA - HARPER, James C, Pfc, DNB - HARRIS, George V, Pvt, DNB - HART, Henry C/G, Pvt, DOW - HOFF, Alfred L, pfc, KIA - HOOD, John R, S/Sgt, KIA - HUDSON, Charles, S/Sgt, KIA - HUGHES, Clarence P, Sgt, KIA - HUGHES, Richard P, Pfc, DNB - HUMBLE, William B, S/Sgt, DNB - JASPER, Hoy R, Pfc, KIA - JONES, Rufus, Pvt, DNB - KEMPER, Chester D, Pvt,KIA - LATHAM, Robert G, Pvt, KIA - LEIGH, Farris E, Pfc, KIA - LOVELESS, Albert, Pvt, DNB - McINTIRE, Edwin, Sgt, KIA - MEECE, Curtis C, Pfc, DOI - MERCER, Leonard, Sgt, KIA - MILLER, David C, Pvt, DOW - MILLER, Joe F, Pfc, DNB - MINTON, Samuel J, Pfc, KIA - MOLEN, Lewell A, Pfc, KIA - MULLINS, Robert K, Pfc, KIA - NEW, Otto H, Pvt, KIA - NEW, William S, S/Sgt, KIA - NICHOLAS, Hubert, T/Sgt, FOD - NORTON, Lewis, T/Sgt, KIA - PARKER, William H, Pvt, DNB - PARKEY, William G, S/Sgt, DNB - PARMLEY, Johnnie, Pvt, KIA - PENCE, Carl L, Pfc, KIA - PHELPS, Howard, Tec/5, FOD - PHELPS, Wilbert R, Pfc, KIA - PHILLIPS, Russell K, T/Sgt, DOW - PITTMAN, Columbus, Sgt, KIA - PRICE, James C, Pfc, KIA - PROWS, Luther F, Pfc, KIA - PRUITT, Clarence, Pvt, KIA - RANDALL, Murrell, Pfc, KIA - REYNOLDS, Earl M, Tec/4, DNB - RICHARDSON, Albert R, Pvt, KIA - ROY, Hubert E, S/Sgt, DOW - ROYSDON, Eugene, Pfc, KIA - RUTHERFORD, Robert C, Cpl, KIA - SEARS, Hiram, Pfc, DNB - SECTON, Chester E, Cpl, KIA - SHADOAN, Fred P, Pfc, KIA - SHEEHAN, Woodrow G, Cpl, KIA - SHEPHERD, Clyde E, Pfc, KIA - SIMPSON, Jewell, Pfc, KIA - SMITH, Zora, Pvt, DOW - SOUTH, Thomas, Pvt, DNB - SPEARS, Bernice L, Pfc, KIA - SPEARS, Ova, Pvt, KIA - STIGALL, Henry E, Pfc, DNB - STUCKER, Norman S, Pvt, KIA - Sturgill, Theodore, Pfc, KIA - SULLIVAN, Nick G, Pvt, KIA - SULLIVAN, William H, Pfc, KIA - TARTER, Edwin F, Pfc, KIA - TARTER, Wite, Pvt, DNB - THOMPSON, Garland L, T/Sgt, DOW - THOMPSON, Hubert E Jr, Cpl, KIA - TURPIN, Marce, Pfc, KIA - VAN HOOK, Carl R, 2nd/Lt, KIA - VANSANT, Ben F, 1st/Lt,KIA - WATKINS, Robert L, Pfc, KIA - WEDDLE, Estes, Pfc, KIA - WILLIAMS, Kirts, S/Sgt, KIA - WILLIAMS, Lindsey L, Pfc, KIA - WILSON, John D, 1st Lt, KIA - WILSON, Lewis E, Pvt, KIA - YANCEY, Elmer L, Cpl, KIA ROBERTSON CO: BAILEY, Raymond, Sgt, KIA - EDWARDS, Chester P, Pfc, DNB - ENGLAND, Austin, Pfc, DOW - HENDERSON, Lawrence D, Pfc, KIA - JETT, William O, Pvt, KIA To be continued. (c) Copyright 13 Nov 2003. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #466 - A TOAST TO THE LATE GREAT HISTORICAL SOCIETY What? Now that I've gotten your attention, let me pass on my condolences to the memory of many of the historical societies across the United States. "Wait a minute, " you say, "there are still historical societies!" Ah yes, but how many of them are in the following nearly condition? 1 - Low attendance. Where many used to fill the seats at the monthly historical or genealogical society meeting, now just the faithful few manage to make it to hear the speaker for the evening? 2 - Lackluster meetings. Remember the stimulating and thought provoking meetings of the past? Excellent speakers that had you taking minutes, asking questions and learning techniques? Or no speakers, non-genealogical, non-historical, non-promoted get-togethers? 3 - Arthritis syndrome. What is the average age of our memberships? Over 50? Over 60? Over 70? Where are the historical and genealogical experts of the future in our county? 4 Abundance of monies: dread of spending. How many years have many of our societies been meeting? Over 20 years, maybe 40 or more? Been collecting dues and having fund raisers all these years? What has been done with the money? Is it sitting in a bank account, bored to tears? Why isn't it being used to do something to preserve the past for the future? 5 - Family feuds. We all like to say that our genealogical friends are like family don't we? "Cousins" even. Why then are so many historical societies always in an uproar? Squabbling over little things. Not wanting to change anything because it worked in the past just fine. 6 - Not connected? Not wired? Afraid to venture out into the cyberworld? Still typing your quarterlies on stencils? 7 - Ingrown officers? Same people doing the same thing with the same attitudes year after year? No new officers with progressive ideas? Can't find a president if you paid them? If you saw your historical society in any of the above questions, we might be bidding you adieu in the near future. If your society is vibrant, growing and active, you can skip this tip all together. As I meet and correspond with societies all across the United States, I hear more and more of the above complaints. Many good, solid, old societies are literally imploding. Why? There are several reasons that I have discovered and they are hidden in the questions above. Once upon the time in the dark past, the county or area historical society was one of the most vibrant and well attending meetings in town. Yes, there were some that thought us weird for wanting to go to meetings about dead people, cemeteries and old buildings. But on the whole, the historical society was a trusted organization whose meetings were well covered by the press and brought out many of the finest people. Meetings were varied and active. But we failed to do a few things. We ignored the younger people. We became so in love with ourselves that it started to be "our society", and while guests were always welcome, they were not sought after. Then the school systems on large began to take less interest in history. Where history, ancient and American, was required every year in "grade school" (my generation's term), and at least a year or so in high school; now it isn't always offered, or is an elective. Our younger generation is losing contact with its past. Next came the ever-moving society. Where in older times, if we were born in a town, we grew up in that town, we went to school in that town, we married in that town, we raised our children in that town. We had contact with our parents, grandparents, often great-grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins by the dozens. Story telling was an evening tradition and we heard tales of our family and how it was in the "good old days." We had roots and they went deep. We knew most everyone in town and likely all about their lives too. We saw the patriotic parades, the honor paid to veterans, heard the church bells ringing and visited over the back fence. Today? We move and move and move. Oh, it's not all bad, my daughters and I have lived in 5 states and 13 houses in the last 29 years. We've made friends, left friends, learned cultures. But at one time we were in one state, my parents in another, cousins and aunts and uncles in another and we hadn't seen some of our family for 20 years! Now many are gone and it's too late to ask them about their memories. We just end up feeling connected to nothing, afraid really to put down those roots because it's hard digging them up again. And finally, came the internet. Instead of reading microfilm and going prematurely into bifocals; driving all over to visit courthouses and try to find a relative in some little town, we log on the internet and let us take us to far away places. Bad? No! But can you speak out loud to your computer? Can you make the connection with your family as closely as sitting across from the couch with a glass of lemonade? Progress is wonderful. But the average historical society has not kept pace. Many are dying and they have no idea they are terminal. How long has it been since you've been to your local historical society meeting? (I understand that some people are homebound and can't attend, or there is no one close; you are excused). How many times have you volunteered for a project - even suggested one? Even if you are not from the area where you live now and have no ties, join in with a society and give them some fresh blood and fresh ideas. Programs are difficult to put together. Sometimes in a smaller community there are not the good speakers that are willing to come out on a rainy or snowy night. Have you thought of maybe paying them to come? Remember all that money in the bank rotting away - we can't take it with us. Investigate some professional genealogical or historical speakers who do charge a fee and dip into the funds a tad. If there's no one that qualifies professionally - what about the older generation? You know the older we get, the more we like to remember (before we can't remember anymore), and we have some wonderful tales of earlier days. Have you thought of asking Granny Jones or Cousin Lum to come and just talk to the society? Tape them, video them, invite the kids! How do you get more members? It is harder now. We have the internet, cable tv, fast moving cars and planes, kids in every organization and sport imaginable and there's little time for anything else in our life. But if you build the field, they will come! Plan something special for your society that can involve the community, young and old. Picnics, homecomings, old-time pictures, old time crafts show with some of the older or more talented people in the community demonstrating how it used to be done. Don't fight the internet, use it! No queries anymore in your quarterly? Most of us are zipping out emails by the hundreds to get (hopefully) instant response. We are a "give it to me and give it to me now" people anymore. We can't wait for snail mail, or waiting until the quarterly comes out with your query. Have you considered articles in your quarterly on "how to do internet genealogy"? Or even a beginning computer course at a library or someplace with other computer access. Bring some of the younger generation in to help the older generation learn. I correspond via email with several individuals in their 90's! You're not too old to learn. And lastly, back to money. There's security in a big bank account but it's not helping anything or anyone. Could your society help restore a historic building? Do a historical survey of old structures? Set up a walking or driving tour of the area? Donate to a society or organization that IS doing something and needing funds of a historical nature - maybe even a humanitarian nature? Build a house with Habitat for Humanity? Put on a genealogical symposium, a genealogical book fair? Put together a video production of the area for local television? Write columns for the local paper? Volunteer at the next meeting even if you are a novice but want to learn? We must start growing and taking our vitamins or we're "out of here" as the youngers say. We will be delegated to the old newspapers our children and grandchildren will be reading in years to come. We serve a useful purpose, or we used to? Do we still? For those reading this tip who are members or officers of a growing and vibrant society, my hat's off to you. Keep it that way! (c) Copyright 6 November 2003, All Rights Reserved. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #465 - OH THOSE FUNNY SETTLERS, CONCLUSION Before this tip, I have a favor to ask. I know that a majority of you forward these tips to others when it's something of interest to you. I don't mind at all. But, I was confronted this week by a situation that does hurt. My daughter was forwarded an email which had been forwarded and forwarded, you know how it goes! Eventually it reached my daughter. She laughingly said that she had just received the funniest email with the names of Kentucky towns. She read me a few and lo and behold, it was my post. No copyright, no credit, appearing that some person along the line had created the post. Please, if you forward my tips (or anyone's work) to someone else, include the (c) Copyright notice. These tips are copyrighted and will soon be in book form - I have 6 volumes of Researching Guides in print. It hurts when someone else takes (or appears to take) credit for the work and it is a violation of copyright laws. So forward away, but remember to give credit! Thanks! This is a continuation from last week on strange and often hysterical Kentucky town names. 41. Monkey's Eyebrow, Ballard Co. No one is positive on the naming of this town but some say it refers to the crescent-shaped elevation called Beeler Hill with tall grass growing from which it resembled a monkey's eyebrow. Others insist it "was only fit for a bunch of monkeys" ... 42. Mossy Bottom, Pike Co. Named simply because the town lay in a low-lying area. 43. Mousie, Knott Co. Supposedly named for Mousie (Mrs. Mart) Gibson, daughter of Clay Martin. 44. Mouthcard, Pike Co. Named for its location at the mouth of Card Creek. 45. Mummie, Jackson Co. Bobby Farmer submitted this name since a mummified human body had been found there by early settlers. 46. Neon, Letcher Co. First known as Chip, but changed to Neon with conflicting reasons. It might have been so called for an old tree stump to put your "knee on". Or possibly for an early neon sign there. 47. Nobob, Barren Co. It might have been named for Robert (Bob) Todd, a hunter for a party of Virginia military land grant surveyors who had made camp near where the town is now location. According to old tales, Bob failed to return one night and for days his companions searched in vain. They would return with the report "No Bob". 48. No Creek, Ohio Co. Said to have been named by surveyors sometime before 1798 when they thought the area was a dry bed, making them think there was no creek at all.. 49. Nonesuch, Woodford Co. Samuel McCauley, a local magistrate noted that this area was highly productive farmland and said "there is no other place like this." 50. Ordinary, Elliott Co. Nelson Eagen (or someone else!) said that this was such an ordinary place. Or it could have been named for an ordinary there - that being another early name for a tavern. 51. Paradise, Muhlenberg Co. One tale has a family traveling upstream with a sick baby and they decided to spend the night. The next morning the baby had recovered and the mother said "This truly must be Paradise." 52. Parrot, Jackson Co. It might have been named ford Dan Parrot, a resident there. It was also known as Letter Box, KY. 53. Pig, Edmonson Co. In 1880 when the post office was established, no one could agree on a name. Finally one man said in disgust "I see a small hog outside on the road and that prompts me to suggest that we name the post office Pig." 54. Pigeonroost, Clay Co. In 1888, when the post office was established here, Jefferson D. Rowland became postmaster and it was probably named for the branch on which early setters had observed such large numbers of pigeons roosting in the time that they seemed to break the branches out. 55. Pinchem, Clark Co. One of the favorite stories that that an early storekeeper was so tight there that customers would come away feeling they had been pinched in the trade. 56. Plant, Clay Co. Marin Martin of Plant wrote "there was very fine virgin timber and sawing lumber was big business. Each sawmill owner liked to boast of the largest boards of planks they had sawed." 57. Pleasureville, Henry & Shelby Co. Named possibly from a visitor's remark about his pleasure in being there among such pleasant people. Wonder if he ever visited Paradise? 58. Plumkum, Casey Co. Later known as Little Hickman, this name might have been a corruption of Plaquemine which is alleged to have come from some Indian tribe called the Piakemins. 59. Possum Trot, Marshall Co. Sol King and Buck Bolen were possum hunting in the area at the turn of the century and one said to the other "If we don't catch one soon, these possums are going to trot across the road and be gone." 60. Poverty, McLean Co. William Short, M.D. was ridiculing his snobbish neighbors who had formed a social circle. They believed that poverty, breeding, and cultural attributes placed them a cut above everyone else in the community, including the doctor. 61. Quicksand, Breathitt Co. Named for the treacherous shifting sands which caused great difficulty for early travelers. 62. Rabbit Hash, Boone Co. Named for all the various ways the early settlers fixed rabbit, an early and frequent menu item. This resulted from a flood which killed thousands of rabbits which appeared in many homes. 63. Razorblade, Knott Co. Remember the town of Democrat from last week? Same town! 64. Redwine, Morgan Co. Said to be named for the William B. Redwine family. 65. Relief, Morgan Co. Wallace W. Brown, the post master here in 1859 said it was named by patrons who thought it would be a relief" not to have to go so far for their mail." 66. Rivals, Spencer Co. After having three names rejected for this lovely town, Charles W Stout (1900) was desperate. He spied a box of shotgun shells with the band name Rivals on the shelf of a local store. Other stories credit the Van Dyke brothers who were rivals. 67. Rowdy, Perry Co. Said to reflect the wild character of its residents. 68. Sacred Wind, Lawrence Co. I don't know how to handle this one and thought a long time about the wording. It was named supposedly by the first post master, James N Sturgill for his father who was a Baptist minister. His father had a problem and may I say that foods didn't set well on his stomach many times and caused an irritable condition while he was preaching? I trust you understand and won't be blown away. 69. Scuffletown, Henderson Co. A tavern here in the early 19th century was a rendezvous for the rougher class of riverman who every Saturday night enjoyed their free-for-alls. 70. Shake Rag, Todd Co. Later called Claymour, Some say it's named for the neatest of all housekeepers there who would be seen shaking their dust rags outside the door; or it could have come from poorly-dressed men who shook their rags as they stood outside in the cold weather. 71. Shoulder Blade, Breathitt Co. Later called Juan, it was named for the creek which was named by early hunters for what seemed to be the shoulder blade of a very large animal found near their camp. 72. Skullbuster, Scott. According to legend, a very tall man, on entering a log structure "struck his head against the cap of the door after his friend, John Cartenhour had warned him to look out or he would bust his skull. Maybe he had just come from Scuffletown, Rowdy or other various towns! 73. Slapout, Graves Co. Maybe this was the town where the semi-rowdy skullbusters lived; they controlled their tempers a little more! Later called Crutchfield, also known as Alexander, no one knows how this town got its name. 74. Smile, Rowan Co. They weren't on Candid Camera (c) but the citizens supposedly smiled when they learned they were going to get their own post office. 75. Squib, Pulaski Co. Henry Whitaker, a young man here, was nicknamed Squib and since every other name had been rejected by the US Post Office, they submitted this name and it was approved. 76. Stop, Wayne Co. Some say this was the last stop on the old mail route or that the road stopped here. Others say the post master said STOP! when people kept suggesting names. 77. Tearcoat, Clinton Co. The creek nearby was almost inaccessible and in an unfriendly location. It inspired legends of people, such as the daughter of pioneer Daniel Clift, stumbling through the dense thicket along the creek and tearing her coat. 78. The Back Yard, Butler Co. No guesses! 79. Thousandsticks, Leslie Co. Many stories, one being that there were so many ancient trees which had died of old age that there were a thousand sticks. 80. Torchlight, Lawrence Co. Named for the Torchlight Mine, and when a man dropped a pine torch onto the porch of the Greenup Hotel and it burned to the ground. Or for the torches used in the mines. 81. Tyewhoppety, Todd Co. This might refer to an "unkempt, ill-appearing person." Or it is a Shawnee word for a place of no return. 82. Wax, Grayson Co. Supposedly given by a postal inspector after he saw the local storekeeper (where the post office was located), weighing beeswax. 83. Whoopflarea, Owsley Co. Most likely from the whoop of owls and maybe Indians. Many other possibilities. 84. Zag, Morgan Co. Pearl Cox saw the word Zig Zag in an old newspaper used to paper a wall , and Zag was accepted by the US Post Office. I hope you enjoyed these! There are hundreds more that I could have chosen and I'm sure you have your favorite. Again, my thanks to Robert Renick for putting these all together! (c) Copyright 30 Oct 2002, Sandra K. Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #464 - OH THOSE FUNNY SETTLERS - HOW THEY NAMED OUR TOWNS, PART 1 I have decided that our early settlers had a sense of humor! Despite the rigors and dangers of the earlier days, they had to take time to laugh; you can tell it from some of the town names! I've lived in 5 states and each state seems to have their own way of picking town names. Most are named for early families there, Indian tribes, famous people, girl's names .... but Kentucky, while having all of these, have their own way of picking names for their towns and communities. Now, I am not ridiculing any of them; if you live in one of these communities, or your families did, I just find it extremely interesting; I'm not picking on you! I'll return to the more serious posts in a week or so (continuing the WW II deaths), but for a little break, thought I would see if you agree that my 84 top favorites bring a smile to your lips too. I am totally indebted to Robert M Renick for his "Kentucky Place Names" book. There are many more that could be picked but these just hit my fancy! 1. Acorn, Pulaski Co. J. N Mayfield was struck by a falling acorn while thinking about possible names for their community. Or he was feeding acorn to his hogs; whatever the cause, Acorn sounded likely a really nice name. 2. Bachelor's Rest, Pendleton Co. Named for the bachelors who sunned themselves on benches in front of a local store. I wonder if the ladies of the day knew about this place? 3. Beefhide, Pike and Letcher Cos. According to some stories, a Civil War patrol had camped on a nearby creek, had killed some local livestock and eaten all the beef. 4. Black Gnat, Taylor Co. This one ranks high on my list; according to tradition a local schoolhouse was being painted in the late 19th century but by the time the painting was finished, it was covered by blackgnats. Sounds logical to me! 5. Blue Moon, Floyd Co. We've all heard the expression, "once in a blue moon". This town was named for a brand of perfume that a school teacher's daughter had received for Christmas. I wonder how often people visited this town? Once in a blue moon maybe? 6. Bugtussle, Monroe Co. Another of my favorites, this town was named for an abundance of doodlebugs. Can you envision the townfolk tussling with the doodlebugs? 7. Chisken Bristle, Metcalfe Co. This lovely name was changed to Savoyard , can one wonder why? It had reportedly been named Chicken Bristle for the practice of leaving pin feathers or bristles on the chickens when killed and prepared for customers by an early stagecoach inn there. 8. Butterfly, Perry Co. Ok, this one is obvious. Mose C Feltner, the post master saw a lot of butterflies passing by and being a romantic, picked this as the town name. 9. Buzzard Roost, Nicholas Co. This town changed its name to Sprout but was first named by a drummer who was passing through the area one day and saw a lot of local men sitting in a line on a whitewashed fence. They were all dressed in dark black suits and hats, passing a jug between them. He commented that it looked like a row of buzzards. 10. Canoe, Breathitt Co. Good logical reason for this name. The nearby creek's water got so low that someone's canoe couldn't be floated out and was abandoned. 11. Cheap, Greenup Co. No, the prices weren't cheap there, nor the people, but this village was named for a blind Methodist preacher named John Cheap. It was later changed to Flatwoods. 12. Crackers Neck, Elliott Co. There were two communities with this name, the one in Elliott Co had its name changed to Newfoundland. Any guesses as to why it was called Crackers Neck? It was an expression given to partisans in local fights to his champion to "crack the neck" of his opponent. 13. Democrat, Letcher Co. This town, which will be referred to again, had several names. Rather than being a Democrat settlement, it was so named for alone Democrat in an entirely Republican community. 14. Dwarf, Perry Co. This was a very small town I guess! It was named for one of the Combs brothers, Jeremiah, who was called "Short Jerry". 15. Eighty Eight, Barren Co. Several stories as to this town's naming exist but most agree that it came from the postmaster Dabney L. Nunnally who didn't write to well. When it was time to pick a name, he wrote "88" because everyone could read that. Another tradition is that it was so named because it was 8.8 miles from Glasgow KY 16. Equalization, Lewis Co. Later known as Burtonville, I assume one had to have a good sense of balance to live here. The name Equalization came before the Civil War and had many possible reasons. Some say four citizens built their home exactly alike along a roadside. This was to indicate that all men were born free and equal. 17. Factory, Butler Co. Named for a one time local ax handle factory. 18. Fishtrap, Pike Co. This was thought to have been named for the local method of catching fish by trapping them. 19. Frog Level, Todd Co. Later known as Sharon Grove, this place had a lot of frogs. The land is low and swampy. Can you imagine a new bride writing her parents and talking about the wonderful place she and her groom had moved? "Mama and Papa, we're living now in Frog Level, and the croaking of the frogs is soooooo romantic!" 20. Goldbug, Whitley Co. A political background on this name, this was the name given the supporters of the gold standard in the presidential election of 1896. 21. Goosehorn, Barren Co. Now a lovely community named Hiseville, Goosehorn was named by Harve Jameson, a resident of the area. He just came up with the name and it satisfied all the neighbors. Did you ever see a goose with a horn? 22. Gravel Switch, Marion Co. I could think of a funnier reason for naming this town but it referred to a large gravel deposit used by the L&N to supply its rail beds. I can picture instead of a frightened child running from his father so he wouldn't be spanked by a gravel switch! 23. Hardmoney, McCracken Co. This might have been thusly named for a political controversy of this time over the use of gold backing for paper money. Another tale has John H Balance, the post master mounting his first dollar he'd ever earned as the hardest money. 24. Hardscratch, Adair Co. Later known as Glen's Fork, this town was possibly named for the difficulty of earning a living in this area. 25. Headquarters, Nicholas Co. Many think this name came from it being a meeting place by Indians from southern Ohio after their hunting trips to Kentucky, or a corruption of the word "headwaters." 26. Heart's Delight, Daviess Co. Later known as Knottsville, no explanation is found for its previous naming, but it certainly pleased the people who lived there. 27. Highway, Clinton Co. Named by a local preacher who opened his Bible to Isa 35:8 28. Hi Hat, Floyd Co. The trademark of the Hi Hat Elkhorn Mining Co. 29. Hippo, Floyd Co. Local resident, Bee Madison Craft complained all the time and the town was supposedly named for his complaining. 30. Honeybee, McCreary Co. Sorry, but not much imagination on the part of Jasper M Harp, postmaster here. A honeybee flew by while he was thinking. Ok. 31. Hot Spot, Letcher Co. I guess if you can't afford to go to Hot Springs, Arkansas, you might consider going to a Hot Spot. John A Webb and David Hayes had the Hot Spot Coal Company in this area. 32. Ice, Letcher Co. I assume if you don't like a hot spot, you can go a few miles in the same county to Ice. This was also a coal camp and in 1897, when the post office was established, the route was jammed with ice. Bingo! 33. Jugornot, Pulaski Co. At one time local people supposedly did a thriving business producing and selling moonshine. They would charge one price if customers brought their own containers, but charged more if they had to provide the container. They would ask "jug or not". There are other stories also. 34. Kettle, Cumberland Co. One of the stories has this community named in the 18th century for the prospectors who came there and worked until dark. They would pitch their tent on the banks of the creek, spread out their bedding and stacked their cooking vessels up. One of the men had a nightmare of having spent the night with a kettle on his head. 35. Lick Skillet, Logan Co. Speaking of cooking utensils, Lickstillet acquired its name about 1810. There was a rock of the creek that looked exactly like a skillet, worn into that shape by a spring and the deer licking it. 36. Loafersburg, Green Co. Later known as Pierce, it was founded in the early 19th century by a Brewer family who had a legal distillery here. It was also called Loafersburg for the residents who could be seen whiling away the hours in front of a local store. I wonder if they ever met the men at Bachelor's Rest or Buzzard Roost? 37. Mashfork, Magoffin Co. Ogie Williams is to blame for this name. He thought of the soggy and marshy land in that area where hogs would be turned loose to feed on mash. 38. Merry Oaks, Barren Co. Our family, when seeing this community the first time, nicknamed it "Happy Trees", but of course it was named for a large oak tree there and also for a large English race track, a pastime Merry Oak's citizens also enjoyed. 39. Miracle, Bell Co. No, nothing miraculous happened here (that's been recorded at least!), this was named for the Miracle family. 40. Mistletoe, Owsley Co. While named for an abundance of mistletoe that grew here, citizens of Bachelor's Rest hopefully didn't visit here! Next week, we'll continue our pilgrimage among the little towns of Kentucky with a little more unusual name! (c) Copyright 24 Oct 2003, All Rights Reserved. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

Did you ever wonder what the early Kentucky pioneers did for amusement? In a day and age now in the 21st century, we take amusement as easy as turning on the television and having 100 or more cable channels available at a click of the remote. Or movies showing at the multiple-screen theatre down the street. Or dashing out to watch our child play football, baseball, soccer, basketball. Or going to a concert, swimming, fishing? Well, only a few of the above would have been available to our early settlers! For today's tip, I am going to go back just a few years into the 18th and 19th century through the eyes of Franklin Gorin, one of our ancestors. Franklin was the son of the founder of Glasgow KY and one-time owner of Mammoth Cave. He was born in 1798 while his father, John, was at a log rolling and later became a noted lawyer in the area. In 1870, only seven years before his death, he was called up to write a series of articles for a local paper on his remembrances of our county. These were later put into book form by the family and is now sold by our local historical society as "Times of Long Ago". In Chapter XII, Franklin dealt with the pioneer amusements, to which I will add a little more. "The pioneers had their amusements as well as their hardships, and if we compared their happiness with that of the present generation perhaps we would find them as cheerful and happy, if not more so, notwithstanding their deprivation of almost all things which we consider absolutely necessary for our comfort and pleasure. [Some things never change do they?] "One of the temporal amusements was dancing, in which the females, old and young, unless restrained by piety, participated. The men and youth engaged in horse and foot races on the roads and streets, (we had no race courses then), wresting, pitched battles, cock fighting, shooting matched at a target, ball plays either at a ball alley or in an open space, corn shuckings, pitching quits or dollars and snow balling. Snows were more frequent and deeper in those days than now. "Perhaps the most profitable and exciting amusement was hunting the bear, deer, turkeys, squirrels, &c., all of which was plenty, especially deer, which were frequently seen in large herds. Deer driving was a favorite and exciting pleasure. Fishing was to some a great pastime. Our many streams were full of fish, larger than now and in greater varieties. They were caught with a hook and line, or gigged. "Shows also contributed greatly to the amusement of the pioneers. The first in town were at an early date, and when there were but few people here to see them. The first was Punch, Judy and the Devil." A bed quilt hung across the northeast corner of the room served as a curtain. The performers were behind the scenery, while Punch, Judy and the Devil made their appearance above the top of the quilt, and greatly amused and astonished the audience by their dialogue. The devil then, as now, was hideous and made all believe the "Devil was after them." The second was an elephant, exhibited in a frame house then being built by John Matthews, Jr., on Green Street, opposite the court house. It drew nearly the whole county, as many had never seen an elephant. The third was a circus composed of one horse, a bay pony, gaily caparisoned, and a single performer, who exhibited on the west corner of the square on which stands the Urania College. The fourth was a guinea pig, exhibited from house to house, and on the streets and by ways. As for those shows, they afforded as much pleasure to the primitive settlers, as the menageries, circuses and theatres of this day do to the present race of sightseers. "Barbecues are of an early date in this county. They were had on the Fourth of July, when the Declaration of Independence and a Fourth July speech were generally delivered; also during canvasses for Representatives for the Legislature and Congress, and not unfrequently by private parties. Reader, let me tell you what was a primitive barbecue, when were cooked or barbecued over hot coals, venison, beef, mutton, lamb, pig, squirrels, birds, turkeys, ducks and chickens. Franklin mentioned other activities in a pioneer's life which took away, for a short time, the memory of sore backs and hungry stomachs. Agricultural Fairs began in the 1840's in many Kentucky Counties and boys proudly showed off their prize horses, cattle, chickens or other livestock and the womenfolk baked their beset pies. Political rallies would rival current day events, albeit much drinking normally took place and the speeches lasted a lot longer! Franklin concludes by telling a story which is well-known here of a Samuel Fowler. He was a well-digger and a wagoner, thought to be very eccentric and full of jokes. He once bet, being very low on funds, that he could fly. He let it be known that he had learned how to fly while on a trip and he had invented a pair of appropriate wings. He would allow bets to be made as to his success on his solo flight from the 2nd floor of a house on Front Street. The bets were 25 cents each and in a short time, he had a lot of willing "takers." Early the next day, people were lined up outside the house, knowing full well that they would win their bets! The sash was soon raised and with no one daring to take a breath, the "herald came flying out of the window head foremost; but lo! and behold, before he had crossed the street his wings failed and he landed in the street at full length. A piercing shriek was heard and all thought good old Sam Fowler was gone. The crowed rushed to his aid, and picked up, to their amazement, a stuffed manikin. By this time Sam Fowler was in the public square entertaining the few who had not been gulled by his wonderful voyage through the air." Other amusements were available too, depending on the location of the settler. Franklin mentioned the circus, and of course this was an exciting event to young and old alike. It was the traveling circus that wiped out the populations of many towns across Kentucky, Missouri and Illinois (and others) in 1854 when the circus people exposed the citizens to cholera. The American Circus, as it was known then, began approximately in 1793 by an Englishman named John Bill Rickets who put on his first show in Philadelphia. It was a little fancier than the one described by Gorin, it even included clown acts still loved to this day. This was expanded on year by year and by the 1830's farmers, not show people per se, began showing the menageries. This consisted of exotic beasts from far away lands. They combined this with trick horseback riding, clowns and other acts. Elephants and tigers along with giraffes and other strange animals made their appearance and shocked and amazed the country pioneer man, woman and child. In some parts of the United States, "mud tent" circuses were in business as early as 1804. Over the years a great competition arose between these traveling circuses and through the competition developed a lot of the things we are familiar with today - handbills, barkers, loud music and showy costumes. Another form of amusement existed in the towns near the river - the gorgeous show boats. The thrill of hearing the showboat approaching the town! The wondrous music, the lights, it could thrill the soul! Many carried traveling show groups from England who performed Shakespeare or other popular plays of the time. The entertainment could be on board the ship itself with dancing and partying, or the cast of players could disembark and perform in a nearby building. Many churches took dim views of this time of "devil amusement"! Horse racing was banned by most churches, the racing was fine, the gambling wasn't. If there wasn't an official race track, the riders raced down the widest street in town or across the fields. Race Street in Glasgow was so named because this was a favorite race track - which the city father banned immediately, but seems to have been ignored! There are many other things that would count towards pioneer amusements - barn raisings (though work), shuckings, quilting bees, church parties, taffy parties, horse shoes, musclemen contests, singings at the church, camp meetings, and some children's games that still exist to this day. It was a hard life, but they took time to rest too! I hope you enjoyed this! Source: Times of Long Ago, Barren County Kentucky by Franklin Gorin, published by the South Central KY Historical and Genealogical Society, Glasgow, KY. (c) Copyright 16 Oct 2003, Sandra K.Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #462: KY CASUALITIES U S ARMY AND U S ARMY AIR CORPS WW II - NELSON through PERRY Co. KIA=killed in action DOW=died of wounds DOI=died of injuries DNB=died non-battle FOD=finding of death M=missing NELSON CO: ALLISON, Leslie (no middle initial),m Lt/C, DOW - BALDWIN, Guy Jr, 2nd/LT, KIA - BALLARD, Miles, Pfc, DOW - BOONE, Joseph K, Pvt, KIA - BOWLING, Thomas A, 1st/Lt, KIA - BROWN, Emmett H, Tec/5, DOW - BROWN, Guy M, S/Sgt, DOW - BROWN, Samuel H, 1st/Lt, KIA - BURGE, Mike, Pvt, KIA - CLARK, John A, Pfc, KIA - CLARK, Joseph O, Pvt, DOW -CONLEY, William V, Pfc, DNB - CURTSINGER, Harry, Pfc, KIA - DRAKE, Louis H, Tec/4, KIA - GOBEN, James L, Pfc, KIA - GREENHILL, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - GREENWELL, Joseph H, 1st/Lt, KIA - HARDESTY, Charles F., Pvt, KIA - HICKMAN, Marion T, Tec/5, DNB - JETT, Shelby N, 1st/Lt, DNB - JURY, Joseph P, Pvt, KIA - LARKIN, George E Jr, S/Sgt, DNB - MATTINGLY, Edwin C, Pvt, DNB - MATTINGLY, Eugene F, Pvt, KIA - McCAWLEY, Benjamin H, Sgt, KIA - MILBY, Roy (no middle initial), Pvt, KIA - MOORE, John S Jr, Sgt, KIA - NALLEY, Charles I, Pfc, KIA - PASH, Philip D, S/Sgt, FOD - REYNOLDS, John R, Maj, KIA - SCAMAHORNE, William, Pfc, KIA - SEAY, Thomas E, Pvt, KIA - SHELBURNE, Roland S, Sgt, KIA - SHIELDS, Willie, Pfc, KIA - STRADER, Willard, Pfc, KIA - WIMSETT, Joseph F, Pvt, FOD - YOUNG, William M, Pfc, KIA NICHOLAS CO: DENTON, Emrie W, Pvt, DOW - DUNCAN, Lloyd F, Pvt, KIA - FAY, Edward J, Tec/5, DOW - FEEBACK, Nick V, Pvt, KIA - GEORGE, Lloyd J, Pfc, KIA - GRAY, Edsell H, Pvt, DNOB - HAM, Edgar L, Cpl, DNB - HOPKINS, William B, Pvt, DOW - JENKINS, William L, Pvt,KIA - JOLLY, Cecil K - Sgt, KIA - LETCHER, Marion M, Pvt, KIA - McCORD, George M, Sgt, KIA - McVEY, Leslie B, Pvt, KIA - MELBOURNE, John W, Capt, KIA - MITCHELL, Clyde E, Pvt, KIA - MORRIS, William L, Pfc, KIA - RIGDON, Frank W, Pfc, DOW - RITCHIE, Howard J, Sgt, KIA - SNAPP, Ernest C, S/Sgt, KIA - WAUGH, Luther L,Tec/5, KIA OHIO CO: ALLEN, Willie M, Sgt, DNB - AUSTIN, Clarence C, Pvt, DNB - BLACK, Harold, Pfc, KIA - BRATCHER, George A, Pvt, DNB - BROWN, Carl D, FL/O, KIA - CAMBRON, Adried D, Sgt, DNB - CAMPFIELD, Walter S, Pfc, KIA - DAVIS, Kenneth, Pvt, KIA - DAVISON, Preston G, Sgt, KIA - DOUGLAS, Henry W, Pfc, KIA - DUFF, Willard R, 1st/Lt, FOD, Edge, George W, Sgt, KIA - EMBRY, Thirstal, Tec/5, DNB - FUQUA, George E, Pfc, KIA - GILLESPIE, Marcus R, 1st/Lt, DOW - GREEN, Everett R, Pfc, KIA - HAMILTON, Clemie C, Pvt, DNB - HOCKER, Plautus W,Pfc, DNB - HOSKINS, Riley M, Sgt, DNB - JOHNSON, Azim E, Pvt, KIA - JOHNSON, Charles L, Pfc, KIA - JONES, Dennie Jr, Sgt, DOW - KEITH, L B, Pfc, DOW - KIMMEL, Leonard A, Cpl, DNB - LOGSDON, Leoanrd H, Pfc, DNB - MARTIN, Louis E, Pvt, DNB - McMURTRY, James S Jr, Pfc, KIA - MOORE, Willis D, Pfc, KIA - MORRIS, Gettie, Pvt,KIA - NANNEY, Sheldon S, S/Sgt, FOD - PEIRCY, Cecil R, Sgt, DOW - PHELPS, Rex T, S/Sgt, DNB - RAINS, Onis L, Sgt, KIA - RALEY, Maurice M, Pfc, KIA - RALPH, Carl C, Pfc, KIA - RUSSELL, Charles S, Pvt, KIA - SHIELDS, James B, Pvt, KIA - SHOWN, Lewis E, Cpl, DOW - STEWART, Henry C, Pfc, KIA - STEWART, John W, Pfc, KIA - VEACH, Earlmon, 1st/Sgt, DNB - WESTERFIELD, Willie E, Pvt, KIA - YEAGER, Carlos, Pvt, KIA OLDHAM CO: BENNETT, Earl D, S/Sgt, KIA - BOWLING, Carl R, S/Sgt, KIA - BRUMBACK, Elmer L, 2nd/Lt, FOD - CAIN, Allie R, Pfc, KIA - CLORE, John G, 1st/Lt, DNB - GIBSON, Louis S, Pvt, KIA - HALL, William E, Pfc, KIA - HARRIS, John J, Pvt, KIA - JONES, Venard B, T/Sgt, KIA - MacGREGOR, Warren A, T/Sgt, KIA - POWERS, Charles, Pvt, DNB - SKAGGS, Virgil D, Pfc, KIA - SNYDER, Paul B, Cpl, DOW - WILLHOITE, Miller P, Cpl, DNB OWEN CO: BOND, George R, Pvt, DOW - COOK, Norvin, Pfc, DOW - CRISWELL, Buster, Pvt, DNB - DUNAVENT, Eugene, Pfc, KIA - DUNAVENT, Raymond L, Pvt, KIA - GAINES, Hershel, Pfc, KIA - GLASS, Orman B, Pfc, KIA - HAWKINS, B M, Pvt, KIA - HEARN, James R, S/Sgt, KIA - HOWELL, Freddie L Jr, Pvt, KIA - MORRIS, James B, 1/stLt, FOD - PERKINS, Charles E, Pvt, DNB - RITCH, James B, Pvt, KIA - SANDERS, William F, Pfc, DNB - TATE, Frank, Pvt, KIA - WAINSCOTT, James V, Cpl, DNB - YORK, Frank A, Sgt, DNB OWSLEY: AMIS, Clarence, T/Sgt, DNB - BAKER, Harlan, Pvt, KIA - BAKER, Hobert, Pvt, DOW - BECKNELL, Everett, Pvt, KIA - BOWLES, Charles, Tec/5, KIA - BOWMAN, Charles, Pfc, KIA - COLE, Bernie, Pvt, KIA - CROUCH, Paul W, Pfc, KIA - EDWARDS, Blane, Tec/5, DOW - GILBERT, Beech, Pvt, DNB - HENSLEY, Everett, Sgt, KIA - HENSLEY, Fred, Pfc, DNB - HOLCOMB, Darrell J, S/Sgt, KIA - McDANIEL, Willie L, Pvt, KIA - MORRIS, Luther, Pvt, DNB - PETERS, Ellis, Pfc, DNB - SCOTT, Lucian F, Pfc, DNB - SEBASTIAN, Virgil, Tec/5, DNB - TAYLOR, Elwood, Pfc, KIA - TERRY, Ray, Pvt, KIA - WAGNER, Robert C, T/Sgt, KIA - WILDER, Joe, Pvt, KIA PENDLETON CO: ARMSTRONG, Roy C, Pfc, KIA - BUDDE, Norbert H, Tec/4, DNB - BARTON, Oscar H, Cpl, KIA - BOWEN, Maynard E, Pfc, KIA - CLAYTON, Melvin T, Pfc, KIA - ELLIOTT, James R, 2nd/Lt, KIA - KLEE, John R, Pvt, KIA - MASON, Kenneth L, Cpl, DNB - MASON, Robert W, Pvt, KIA - McATEE, Herbert W, Pvt, KIA - MONTGOMERY, John W, 1/stLt, DNB - MULLINS, Marcellus, Pfc, DNB - PHARIS, Robert W, Pfc, KIA - PUGH, William E, Pfc, KIA - SCHLUETER, Harold W, Pfc, KIA - SMITH, Charles A Jr, 2nd/Lt, DNB - STEELE, Desmond E, 2nd Lt, KIA - STEELE, Wayne A, Pvt, DNB - TOMLIN, John R, Pfc, KIA PERRY CO: ABNER, Dan L, 1/st Sgt, KIA - ALEXANDER, Arnold A, Pfc, KIA - ALLEN, Charlie D, Pfc, KIA - ALLEN, Henry, Pvt, DOW - ALLEN, James Jr, S/Sgt, KIA - ALLEN, Morrison D, Pvt, KIA - ALLEN, Troy, Pfc, KIA - BACK, Bill Jr, Pvt, KIA - BAKER, Carl (no middle initial), Pfc, KIA - BAKER, Clyde, Pvt, DNB - BARGER, Chester, Pvt, DNB - BARKER, Estill L, Pfc, KIA - BOWLING, Carter, Pvt, KIA - BOWLING, Oscar, Sgt, KIA - BOWLING, Taylor (NMI), Pvt, KIA - BROWN, Cecil, Tec/5, KIA - BRUMMETT, James W, Pfc, KIA - BURNETT, Charles E, T/Sgt, DNB - CAMPBELL, Everett, Capt, KIA - CAMPBELL, Warren G, T/Sgt, KIA - CANTER, Clifford L, Pvt, DNB - CAUDILL, Arthur, Pfc, KIA - CAUDILL, Bill, Pfc, KIA - CLAY, James, Pvt, KIA - CLEMONS, James, Pvt, KIA - CLEMONS, Thurman, S/Sgt, DNB - COCKRAN, Nathan, Pfc, KIA - COLE, John D, Sgt, KIA - COLE, William R, Sgt, KIA - COLLINS, Edward (NMI), Tec/4, KIA - COMBS, Cecil H, Pvt, DNB, COMBS, Curtis, 2nd/Lt, KIA - COMBS, George W, Pfc, KIA - COMBS, Harold K, Pfc, KIA - COMBS, James G, Pvt, KIA - COMBS, Warren G, Pfc, DNB - COMBS, Willie, Pfc, DNB -COOK, Virgle, Tech/5, DNB - COOK, Walter, Pvt, KIA - CORNETT, Dan, Pvt, KIA - CORNETT, Eugene A, S/Sgt, KIA - CORNETT, Harry V, Pfc, FOD - COUCH, Kimber, Pvt, KIA - COUCH, Ray (NMI), S/Sgt, DOW - CRASE, Hubert, Pfc, KIA - DAVIDSON, Jack Jr, Pvt, DNB - DAVIDSON, Jackie, Pfc, KIA - DAVIS, Robert O, Pfc, DNB - DIXON, Earnest H, Pvt, DNB - DYKES, Cleveland, Pfc, KIA - FARLER, Otis (NMI), Pfc, KIA - FELTNER, Carter, Cpl, KIA - FELTNER, Herman, Pvt, KIA - FIELDS, Kelly T/Sgt, DNB - FIELDS, Mason, Cpl, DNB - FIELDS, Marcus, Tec/5, DNB - FIELDS, Sewell B, Pfc, DNB - GAYHART, Eugene (NMI), Pvt, DOW - GIBSON, Elmer E, Sgt, FOD - GOLUBIC, John J, Pvt, DOW - GRIGSBY, Marcus, Pfc, KIA - HACKER, Pleas B, S/Sgt, KIA - HALL, Herman, Pfc, KIA - HAMONS, Norvel, S/Sgt, KIA - HAMPTON, Edward, Pfc, KIA - HARVEY, Harold, Pfc, DOW - HENSLEY, Arlie, T/Sgt, KIA - HURT, Roy L, Pvt, DNB - IVEY, Andrew, S/Sgt, KIA - JACKSON, John A, T/Sgt, KIA - JACKSON, Marshall, S/Sgt, KIA - JAY, Louie Jr, Cpl, DNB - JOHNSON, Edwin V, Pvt, DNB - JOHNSON, Eugene, Pfc, KIA - JOHNSON, Farmer A Jr, FL/O, FOD - JOHNSON, William H, Pfc, KIA - KELLY, Eugene R, Pvt, DNB - KINCAID, Glenn E, Pfc, KIA - LAY, Harold L, S/Sgt, DNB - LEWIS, Tommy, Pfc, KIA - LOWE, Albert, T/Sgt, KIA - LOWRY, Lee O, Pfc, KIA - MAGGARD, Arliss, Pvt, KIA - MAGGARD, Kenneth, Pfc, DNB - McINTIRE, Lester C, Pvt, DOW - McINTYRE, Cleon, Pfc, KIA - MORGAN, Arthur,Pfc, KIA - MORGAN, Chester, Pfc, KIA - MORGAn, Vance, Tec/5, KIA - MORRIS, George, Pfc, KIA - NOBLE, Irvon, Pfc, DNB - NAPIER, Carl, Pfc, KIA - NAPIER, Floyd W, Pvt, KIA - NOBLE, Arthur, Tec/5, KIA - NOBLE, Green, Pfc, DNB - NOBLE, Lernon, Pvt, DNB - NUNN, Henry, Pfc, KIA - OLIVER, Darwin K, Maj, KIA - OWENS, Harve Jr, Pfc, DNB - PARKER, John F, S/Sgt, KIA - PATRICK, Benjamin, Pfc, KIA - PERKINS, Haskell E, Pfc, KIA - POLLARD, Oscar, Pfc, KIA - POPP, Raymond (NMI), Pvt, KIA - PRATT, Justine, Pvt, KIA - PULLIAM, Eugene T, FL/O, KIA - RALEIGH, Willie, Pfc, KIA - RAY, Joseph E, Pvt, KIA - REEVES, Willis W Jr, 2nd/Lt, KIA - RICE, James C, S/Sgt, FOD - RILEY, Elden, Pfc, DOW - RILEY, Jim, Pvt, DNB - RITCHIE, Dock M, Pfc, KIA - ROACH, Earl, Pfc, KIA - ROBINSON, Homer, Pfc, KIA - ROGERS, Kenneth B, Cpl, KIA - ROREX, William H, Pfc, DNB - SINGLETON, Johnnie, Pvt, KIA - SIZEMORE, Everett, Sgt, KIA - SIZEMORE, Woodrow W, Pvt, KIA - SPARKS, Raymond E, S/Sgt, KIA - SPENCER, T G, Pvt, DNB - SPICER, Lester, Pfc, KIA - STACY, Lewis, Pvt, KIA - STACY, Willie, Pvt, DNB - STALLARD, Ercel, Sgt, DNB - STEVENS, Thurman, Pvt, KIA - SUMNER, Walter J, Pvt, DNB - TAYLOR, Charles H, Pvt, KIA - TAYLOR, Elmer, Pfc,KIA - THOMAS, James V, Pfc, KIA - TUDOR, William T, 2nd/Lt, KIA - TURNER, Letch, Pfc, KIA - TURNER, Nathan T, Pfc, KIA - UTLEY, John D, Pfc, KIA - VALENTINE, Clay, T/Sgt, KIA - WELLS, John H, Pfc, DOW - WHITE, Gene, Pfc, DOW - WHITE, Johnie, Pfc, DNB - WILLIAMS, Irvin Jr, Cpl, DNB - WILLIAMS, Joe, Pfc, KIA - WILLIAMS, William D, Pfc, KIA - YOUNG, Buster, Sgt, KIA - YOUNG, Frank, Pfc, KIA To be continued. Sandi (c) Copyright 9 Oct 2003, Sandra K. Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #461: STEAMERS ALONG THE GREEN RIVER I have been reading a marvelous little book entitled "The Green River of Kentucky", published by Helen Batter Crocker, University Press of Kentucky, published in 1976. In this book, Ms. Crocker traces the settlement and diversity of cultures along the Green River and the development of the river as a major waterway. As an introduction, the Green River is "one of the navigable streams born in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. Flowing west and then north for some 370miles, it cuts widely across west-central Kentucky until it finally reaches the Ohio River, 197 miles above its confluence with the Mississippi." It drains nearly one-fourth of Kentucky, as well as a portion of northern Tennessee. {p. 1} As Kentucky was being settled, even prior to statehood, the new settlers primarily entered the state though the Cumberland Gap or over the Ohio River. Eventually, they spread to other parts of Kentucky from the original settlement areas and discovered the beauty of the land and the river called "The Green River Country." They had no idea then of how large it was - 9,430 miles of drainage in Kentucky and 377 square miles of Tennessee. They didn't anticipate the flooding of the Green River, the remaining Indian attacks, the lawless element that came in also in the bodies of the Harpe Brothers and others. Nor, did they know the depth of the river during the rainy season or the shallowness of it during summer's heat. But the land was fertile and offered great potential. For many years they simply fished the river, crossed the river and moved inland during the flooding times. Each community or settlement was rather independent of any other settlement. They raised their crops, built their houses and churches, bartered amongst themselves and lived out their lives. But there are always the adventurous! Yes - the adventurous or the dreamer who watched when occasionally a small boat floated past between the Ohio Valley and Nashville with goods to trade at the destination. But for a time, they just watched. Looking at a good place for a ferry here and there in the more shallow portions, they built a few ferries or bridges. The most well-known early crossings were located at Bowling Green, Munfordville and Greensburg. At the little town of Rumsey in McLean County, a Mr. Shoemaker built a ferry. At Rockport, in Ohio County, a ferry built in 1817 carried travelers towards Hopkinsville in Christian County. It was not until 1808 that the Kentucky Legislature passed a law to improve Green River. An amendment was added in 1811 ordering clearing of obstruction of debris. Only Mud River to Wolf Creek, Rough River and Long's Ferry, and Drakes Creek were considered navigable. Then the steamboat fever attacked! Everyone it seemed wanted to be able to harness the Green River, to transport goods from one location to another; and many a young lad dreamed of being the Captain of a real smoke-belching steamship! With the addition of locks, and a lot of political hassling, the Green River was becoming a major waterway. The town of Bowling Green, according to Ms. Crocker, benefited greatly from the improvements and grew from a population of 815 to 4,575 between the years of 1830-1870. {p. 15]. Businessmen in Bowling Green were visionaries and saw the potential in the river and the Big Barren River. James Rumsey Skiles was one of the early innovators and in January 1928, a full-fledged steamship reached Bowling Green called "The United States." It was a tiny thing in comparison to future steamers, but can you imagine the excitement of the community when she appeared! The next years were a time of exploration, disappointment, frustration, bankruptcies, and political involvement as this new modern mode of shipping developed. Sometimes it was one step forward, one step back and tempers flared. But, somehow with a lot of fortitude and planning, more steamers were built and made their way down the Green River. I will not go into all the difficulties encountered or all the people who were involved; I would recommend the readers to find a copy of this book for an enjoyable read. But I shall list some of the people and ships that chugged along over the next few years. And then came the Civil War. Both sides of the war participants refused to pay the tolls at the locks; and according to Ms. Crocker, the gunboat operators threatened the lockkeepers. {p. 25]. They also stopped most commercial traffic during the war so the state only collected less than $400 during the war years. However, damages to the locks ran in excess of $36,000. Local rivermen weren't allowed to use Green River which hurt the economy of the citizens terribly and tempers grew hotter. Families, churches - everyone was fighting. The Confederates, in order to stop the Union jammed Lock #3 and Barren River Lock #1 with boulders. After the war ended, it was difficult for the local rivermen to get things back to normal with the damages incurred. In 1868, the state legislature chartered the Green and Barren River Navigation Company. Other names of individuals connected to the steamboating era included: David R. Haggard, Chairman of the Navigation Commission Captain John Sproul - Superintendent of the Green and Barren River line. C. G. Smallhouse - later president William Brown, Jr - investor Charles Van Meter - secretary L. H. Kinchelow - local Bowling Green boatman James F. Woolcott - old time pilot who after retirment returned to relieve other pilots on the Green River. Charles, James and George Woolcott - ran a ship named "Three Brothers" - a floating sawmill. George Ankerman - a floating tinshop. Richard T. Williams - ran boats for 50 years. William Ham - a penniless raftman who got drunk and fell overboard. Drowned. Tom Reynolds - ran the "Majestic" - a showboat. Captain Coombs was one of the early captains. Other ships passing through Bowling Green and along the Green River included "General Warren", "Glasgow" "General Worth" "Lucy Wing". "Sallie Anderson" was seen in Greensburg in 1851. "Governor Breathitt" was in service, arriving at Bowling Green in December of 1842. "The Bowling Green" (burned) "The Evansville" "Longfellow" "The Crown Point" "City of Clarksville" "Ida" "Samuel" "Indiana" "Maggie Bell" "J. C. Kerr" "Chaperone" (passenger ship formerly the J. C. Kerr, ran to Mammoth Cave in Edmonson County) "Crescent" (ran several corpses to the area of burial) Showboats: "Doc Bart's Fun Boat" (show boat) "New Sensation" (showboat) "Columbia" (show boat) "Cottom Blossom" "New Era" "Water Queen" "Princess" "Floating Theatre" Roberterson's Floating Palace" In conclusion, Ms. Crocker noted that pay for the crew wasn't very spectacular. In 1900 the "Samuel " crew was paid: $80 a month for pilot, $75 for chief engineer, $60 for second engineer and $30 for cook. I would recommend Ms. Crocker's book to those of you who dream of high adventure and thrill at the thought of riding the old steamers. Something very special has passed away. (c) Copyright 2 Oct 2003, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #460 - OH, MERCY ME! This tip will be sort of a review of one I posted a long time ago but it's a problem that just won't go away! What do we do when we keep running into conflicting data? Sometimes it's almost better not to have the information than to have several pieces of conflicting information it seems. We've worked so hard to find Aunt Susie or Uncle Sanford, and now that we've found him or her, who or what do I believe? I'll pose below a scenario that many of us have faced, it is not exaggerated. Uncle Sanford Smaltz's great-great granddaughter swears that her family told her that Uncle Sanford was born in England and came to the United States in 1750, settling in Virginia, coming over with his three brothers, no wives. After spending years working the records of Virginia, and finding nothing, someone sends you an email and says that they found your Uncle Sanford on a passenger list from Wales in 1748, with a wife Elizabeth and five children - Zelda, Zelma, Zero, Zenith and Zookeeper. Then, if that's not enough to blow your pedigree into smithereens, you find his Bible record! Someone had preserved this Bible for hundreds of years and it was found in a yard sale in California. The contributor copies each page faithfully and you pace back and forth by the mailbox waiting. Eureka! It says here that ...... Uncle Sanford was what? Born in Switzerland? Stowed away on a boat in 1760, was indentured to another man in Connecticut? Married Patience Peculiar and had no children. Now what? Let's jump forward a few generations to the late 1800's. Aunt Susie, she'll be easy to track, let Uncle Sanford "rest in peace" awhile. Susie - she was a character we've heard. Wore flamboyant clothes, had courters all over the neighborhood, but died a spinster, guess she couldn't make up her mind? The family said the funeral was the talk of the town - mourners everywhere (mostly male I assume!). They said she was buried in the city cemetery with a beautiful, tall monument and that flowers were placed at her grave every day. Boy, this should be a snap! Being a little closer in time and after a lot of digging, you actually found her obituary! It was one of those flowery ones of the era, going on paragraph after paragraph extolling her virtues. But wait! What's this? Now this HAS to be Aunt Susie but said she was buried by the side of her loving husband, and there is a list of thirteen children who survive her? And the cemetery - why it isn't the fancy city cemetery, it's something called the Smallville County Farm Cemetery. The poor house cemetery? But, there's her parents and it's Aunt Susie. What to do. Oh, there's a funeral home mentioned, they had just opened up that year. You write to the city asking them to forward your letter to that funeral home if it still exists. Thankfully, it does and they have records back that far. But the undertaker, not being the most literate in the neighborhood, had scribbled her name down in an almost unreadable handwriting - something like Sussie Spastic, dying March 1st, 1899 at age 99 years, 11 months and 30 days in Smallville, USA.. Said she was a widow and left no living family. But, it had here buried in the Spastic Cemetery. Throwing up your hands in despair, you brow-beat your spouse into agreeing to take his golfing vacation in Aunt Susie's death county. He figures that surely there is a golf course somewhere around this town, which of course there isn't. You finally make it to Susie's little village and start looking for records and the 3 cemeteries that have been cited. You start out at the courthouse and of course, Susie didn't leave a will disbursing all the supposed fortunes to her maybe/maybe not children. Her name doesn't appear on any deed, she didn't even jaywalk and get run over by a charging buggy! She must not have attended church anyplace or she went by an alias or slipped in after the service had started. No marriage license appeared in the records but you finally found the town historian who talked your legs off for an hour about his memories of Aunt Susie as told to him by his family. He rustled through stacks of papers in his briefcase and said that yes, she was buried at the County Farm. Head down in despair, you walked to the city cemetery just to be on the safe side. You try to ignore your spouse's very apparent impatience as he stands beside the car taking practice swings. You walk up and down every row in the huge cemetery, in the boiling down sun, there is no custodian you can ask. You're looking for BIG monuments, maybe even with fresh flowers, but alas and alack - no one by the surname of Spastic is buried there. Sadly, you trudge back to the car and following the directions given by the local historian, you accidentally send your spouse down a wrong road which just happens to pass the Spastic cemetery. Feigning having to stretch you legs, you bolt out of the car and run towards the cemetery. Which isn't there. You sink instead into a hog lot and on the hill are some angry looking bulls. You feel chiggers nipping away at your out of state and unprotected legs, a snake slithers by and you trip over a tombstone growing amongst the briars. Thrilled, you pull back the briars to see that the stone only shows "In Memory of ....." the rest of the stone long gone. Again, back to the car and upon promising your spouse he can golf every weekend for the next ten years, you head out to the County Farm. The buildings are gone and a plowed field lies to the side of where the people lived. Fighting tears, you get out anyway; seems the new owner of the land plowed under the cemetery and was sowing it in oats. There you stand, camera in hand, cleaning tools - everything a good cemetery hunter would have - and out at one edge you see something. Is it just a field rock? An animal? Slowly you struggle your way over to this object, not as eager, and a lot more fatigued that you were at your arrive in Smallsville. Well, it's a stone anyway ... and it has something written on it. Might as well look while you're here. You sink down into the furrowed land, too tired to bend over even and there it is ... yes! Susie Spastic, birth and death dates, the notation that she was the relict of Simpson Spastic, and mother of 13 children. Guess she made up her mind after all on all her suitors. Your spouse found you there, sobbing and clutching that old stone. No fancy oblisk marked her grave, no fresh flowers on her grave, no mourners ... just a little old native stone, carved by a pocket knife, but Aunt Susie - you are not alone! The moral of the story? Besides not giving up but following the adage of "try, try again.", we can expect conflicting data. There are errors lurking everywhere to trip us up. Family memories can fade, change and be embellished over the years. What looked like a big stone in a big cemetery to a young family member, could instead be a tiny marker in a poor farm cemetery. What the editor of the paper said likely came to him second hand from someone in the area who reported the death; he could have never met the individual. County documents could have been lost, miss-filed, or maybe Susie never did anything to get her name in print! Funeral home records are taken from information provided by the family and maybe they forget to mention a spouse, a child, got the date of death wrong, and lots of times, the burial location wrong. Older documents, dating back to Uncle Sanford can have havoc played with them. Had you considered there were more than one Sanford Smaltz? Or that they were Jr and Sr? Or nephews? Or no relation at all? Or have you thought that maybe there were brothers coming over but once they hit shore, they went their separate ways and in a generation or so, had lost the knowledge of the other brothers? But that for some reason, they named some of their children after their kin folk? Or that Uncle Sanford was in all the places you found, but was footloose and fancy free and wandered all over the states? So who do you believe? Until you have concrete, documented, 100% positive proof of your puzzling Uncle Sanford or Aunt Susie ... show it on your records as UNCONFIRMED. Once you enter the information in a book or on a website, people will grab it as Gospel truth and conveniently skip over the inconsistencies. Maybe it's better not to enter it at all and put a note to the effect "in progress" and don't let the conflicting data get out to anyone except someone who is trying to help you. So to all of you out there who have gone through, or will go through some of the above, I salute you. We all have our Uncle Sanford's and Aunt Susie's. They're as maddening to us as they are to you and some of us have been trying to sort them out for 30 or more years. (c) Copyright 25 September 2003, All Rights Reserved, sgorin@glasgow-ky.com Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #459 - KY CASUALITIES WW II - U S ARMY AND U S ARMY AIR CORPS - McCREARY through MUHLENBERG CO KIA=killed in action DOW=died of wounds DOI=died of injuries DNB=died non-battle FOD=finding of death, M=missing McCREARY CO: BALL, Edward, Pfc, KIA - BARTLEY, Carl, Pfc, DNB - BOYER, Fran, Jr, Pfc, KIA - BYRD, Joe C, Cpl, KIA - CANADY, Roger L, Sgt, DNB - CHANEY, Lloyd L, Cpl, DNB - CRABTREE, Edd A, Tec/5, DNB - CREEKMORE, Albert G, Cpl, KIA - DAWSON, Walter E, Pfc, KIA - ESTES, James A., Capt, KIA - GODSEY, Clarene, Pfc, KIA - GOODIN, Harvey L, Pfc, KIA - HELTON, Ed Jr, S/Sgt, KIA - HUGHES, Raymond, Sgt, KIA - KIDD, Rosco E, Pfc , KIA - MERRIAM, Dorrance I, Sgt, DNB MILLER, Elmer, Pvt, KIA - MOORE, Luke, Pfc, DOW - MOORE, Marlin M, 2nd/Lt, DNB - MURPHY, Edward O, Pfc, DOW - NEAL, Burton, Pfc, DOW - NEW, Hubert, Cpl, KIA - PERRY, Leo C.,Pfc, KIA - ROSS, Noble K, Cpl, DNB - ROY, Arnold K,1st/Lt, KIA - STRUNK, Howard M, Pfc, KIA - TAYLOR, Richard R, S/Sgt, KIA - THOMPSON, Marshall C, Pvt, DNB - UPCHURCH, Wilburn K, Pvt, KIA - WEST, Arnold L, KIA, WYATT, John R, Pfc, KIA McLEAN CO: ABNEY, Alvie, Pfc, KIA - AUSTIN, Marvin T, Pvt, KIA - BARNETT, Robert M, Pvt, KIA - BLACKWELL, T A Jr, Pvt, KIA - BLADES, Thomas E, Pfc, KIA - BOWMAN, Harold T, S/Sgt, KIA - CHERRY, Elvis E, Pvt, KIA - CLARK, Hugh G, S/Sgt, DOW - DONOHOO, Herman B, T/Sgt, KIA - DURBIN, Hugh R, Pvt, FOD - ERWIN, Lawton D, Sgt, KIA - FARRIS, Charlie, Pfc, KIA - GOODLOE, William D Jr, 1st/Lt, KIA - GOODWIN, Fred N, Sgt, KIA - JONES, James D, Cpl, FOD - LACEFIELD, Harve M, 2nd/Lt, FOD - LEE, Lawrence E, Sgt, KIA - MORRIS, William M, Pvt, KIA - PAYNE, Preston T, Capt, KIA - QUISENBERRY, Jake T, Pfc, DNB - ROBERTSON, Charles E, Pvt, DNB - ROBERTSON, Oliver, Sgt, KIA - ROBERTSON, William J, Pfc, KIA -STRANEY,Veachel F, T/Sgt, DOW - TAPP, Willard W, T/Sgt, DOW - THOMASSON, Charles F, Pvt, KIA - WRIGHT, James F, S/Sgt, FOD MEADE CO: BENNETT, Virgil R, Pfc, KIA - BERRY, Erastus L, Pfc, KIA - BERRYMAN, Arthur G, Pfc, KIA - BUCKHOLD, Wilbert W, 1st/Lt, KIA - BYERLY, Roscoe R, S/Sgt, KIA - CARVER, Edward K, Pfc, DOW - CARWILE, John L, Pvt, KIA - COLE, James, Pfc, KIA - COLEMAN, Harry W, Pfc, KIA - DUNN, Lewis W, Pfc, KIA - HALCOMB, Hoble, Pfc, KIA - HEAVRIN, Louis G, Cpl, DNB - HERBAUGH, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - HOCKMAN, George W Jr, Pfc, DOW - JOHNSTON, Stanley M, Sgt, KIA - LEWIS, Eugene, Pvt,DNB - PETTUS, Alfred, FL/O, DNB - PHILPOTT, Herbert E,Tec/5, DNB - PIPES, William E Pfc, KIA- SMITH, Clarence A, Pvt, DNB - TROUTMAN, Morrow H, Pfc,KIA - WARDRIP, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - WELLS, William B, Pfc, KIA MENIFFEE CO: BACK, Aubrey G, Pfc, KIA - BECKRAFT, Walter G, Pfc, KIA - BERRY, Richard C, Pfc, DNB - COMBS, Reed, T/Sgt, KIA - COPE, Forrest R, S/Sgt, FOD - CORNWELL, Clinton Jr, Pvt, KIA - ENGLAND, Robert R, S/Sgt, KIA - HAMILTON, Gordon L, S/Sgt, KIA - HOLLAND, Glen, Pvt, KIA - MARTIN, Leonard, Sgt, KIA - MORRISON, Boyd A, Pvt, KIA - ROSS, Elmer D, Pfc, KIA - SALLEE, Buttler, Pfc,KIA - SPRADLING, Robert E, S/Sgt, KIA - STAMPER, James M, Pfc, KIA - THOMAS, Victor H, Pfc, KIA MERCER CO: ALLEN, Condit L, Pfc, KIA - ANNESS, Elzie E, Sgt, DNB - ARCHDEACON, John J, 2nd/Lt,DNB - BALDEN, William E, 1st/Lt, DNB - BEATLEY, Leon, Pfc, DOW - BOTTOM, Ewell J,Pfc, KIA - BOTTOMS, Johnnie, S/Sgt, KIA - BRADLEY, Johnnie B, Sgt, KIA - BROWNING, Edwin P, Pfc, KIA - BUSSELL, Vernon H, Sgt, KIA - CANNON, Marshall C, Pvt, DNB - COYLE, James A, Tec/4, KIA - CRICK, Ancel E, Pfc, KIA - CROSSFIELD, Francis, Pfc, DOW - CULL, Wallace B, S/Sgt, DOW - CUMMINS, John L, Pfc, KIA - CURD, John W Jr, Pfc, KIA - CURRENS, John H, T/Sgt, DOW - DEAN, Lawrence H, M/Sgt, KIA - DENNY, Wallace, S/Sgt, DNB - DEVINE, Ben, Sgt, DNB - DURHAM, Robert K, Cpl, KIA - EDWARDS, Rothwell T, Tec/5,DNB - FOSTER, Charles R, Pvt, DNB - FOSTER, Lee B, S/Sgt, KIA - FRENCH, Edward T, Pvt, KIA - GASKIN, Carthel O, 2nd/Lt, KIA - GIBSON, James A, Tec/5, KIA - GOODPASTER, Roy E, Tec/4, DNB - HARDIN, James L, Pvt, KIA - HENDRON, John J, Pfc, KIA - HUNCATE, Wesley D, Pfc, DNB - ISHAM, Marvin C, Tec/5, DOW - KEELING, Birchell, Tec/4, DNB - LAFON, Harry H Jr, 2nd/Lt, KIA - LAMKIN, Thornton, Pfc, KIA - LAY, Marion F, S/Sgt, KIA - LEONARD, Fred, Pfc, DNB - LOGUE, James W, Pfc, KIA - LOGUE, Ralph J, Tec/4, DNB - MARTIN, James F, Cpl, DNB - McCROSKY, William N, Sgt, KIA - MILLION, Joe B, S/Sgt, KIA - PETERS, Roy S, Pfc, KIA - POTTER, William H, Cpl, KIA - PRESTON, Everett R, 2nd/Lt, DNB - PREWITT, Zelbert T, Pfc, KIA - ROYALTY, William H, Pfc, KIA - RUE, Arch B, 2nd/Lt, DNB - SALLEE, Heze F, Pvt, DNB - SALLEE, James W, Pvt, KIA - SAYLOR, Charles, Pfc, DNB - SCANLON, Jennings B, Sgt, DNB - SHIRLEY, J C, 1st/Lt, KIA - STEELE, Herbert, Sgt, DNB - STEELE, Leon I Sr, Tec/3, DNB - TALLEY, Stewart D, Pvt, DOW - TERHUNE, Yandell,1st/Sgt, DNB - TRAYNOR, Robert E, Tec/4, DOW - TRISLER, Edward V, Pvt, DNB - WILLS, Edward G, Pvt, DNB - VANARSDALL, George A, 1st/Lt, KIA -VOTOW, Stanley M, Pfc, KIA - WARD, Claxton O, Pfc, DOW -WILLIS, Edward G, Pvt, DNB - YEAST, Willard R, Pvt, KIA METCALFE CO: CASSADY, Jack, S/Sgt, DNB - COLEMAN, Ben A Jr, Pfc, KIA - CORBIN, Robert L, S/Sgt, FOD - CRABTREE, Thomas H, Pfc, KIA - ESTES, Wiley, Pvt, DNB - FERRELL, Cecil O, Pvt, KIA - FIELDS, Otis B, Pfc, KIA - HOOVER, James O, Pvt, KIA - HURT, Arnold L, Pvt, DNB - KNIPP, Kenneth R, Pvt, DOW - LEAMONS, Billy F, Pvt, KIA - OWENS, Leonard W, S/Sgt, KIA - RICHARDSON, Albert L, Pvt, KIA - STARR, Robert L, Pvt, KIA - THURMAN, Lowell, Pfc, KIA - WILLIAMS, Ovile, Pvt, DOW - WITTY, David M, Tec/3, DOW MONROE CO: BLANKENSHIP, Carlos S, Pvt, KIA - BROWN, Fred, Pfc, DOW - CARTER, Creed D, S/Sgt, KIA - COFFELT, Smith C Jr, 2nd/Lt, DNB - COLSON, James R, Pvt, KIA - DENHAM, Jesse A, Pfc, DNB - EMMERT, Ervin, Pvt, KIA - GRINDSTAFF, Paul, Pfc, KIA - HAGAN, Ray W, Pfc, DOW - HAMMER, Alden H, Pfc, KIA - HAYNIE, Jess J, Cpl, KIA - HOLLINSBORTH, Garland, Pfc, KIA - ISENBERG, Jesse M E, Pvt, KIA - JONES, Julius R, Pfc, KIA - JORDAN, Elmer B., Pvt, KIA - KEITH, Jesse J, Pfc, KIA - KINGERY, Dennis R, S/Sgt, KIA - LUNDY, Cordell H., Pvt, DNB - PLANK, Elmer, Pvt, KIA - POLAND, James L, Pfc, KIA - PROFFITT, Dennis H, Pvt, KIA - PROFFITT, Evans D, Pfc, KIA - RHOTON, Clarence H, Pfc, DOW - SAVAGE, James W, Pfc, KIA - SHERFEY, Daniel E, Pfc, KIA - SHOOOPMAN, Russell, Tec/5, KIA - SMALLING, William H, Pvt, KIA - SMITH, Dumas L, pvt, KIA - SMITH, John L, Pfc, DOW - STEPHENS, Willie R, Tec/4, KIA - THOMPSON, Maurice, Pfc,DNB - TOOLEY, Delmas M, Cpl, DNB - TURNER, Fonis C, Pvt, KIA - TURNER, Selbia D, Pfc, KIA - WHEET, Allie C, S/Sgt, KIA - WRIGHT, Fred L, Pvt, DNB MONTGOMERY CO: BAILEY, Clarence W, T/Sgt, KIA - BARBER, Dawson W, Pfc, KIA - BOOTS, Robert G, Pvt, DOW - BRAINER, John M, Cpl, KIA - BRANHAM, Earl, Pvt, KIA - BUCHANAN, Donald R, Pvt, DNB - CHANDLER, Arthur B, Sgt, DNB - CONGLETON, William G, Pvt, DNB - CRAIG, Parl W, Pvt, KIA - CURTIS, Robert, Pfc,KIA - GIBSON, George G, Pfc,KIA - HILL, George N, Pvt, DNB - HOLLON, Leighton, Tec/5, DNB - HUGHES, Victor L, T/Sgt, KIA - HUNTER, Dudley W Jr, 2/nd Lt, FOD - LAND, Bill, Pfc, DOW - LANDRUM, William R, Pfc, DNB - LANSDALE, Gilbert, Sgt, KIA - MARK, James F, 2nd/Lt, KIA - MAY, Andrew G, Tec/4, DNB - PATRICK, James E, Pvt, KIA - PIERCE, Chester B, Pfc, KIA - PORTER, Virgil B, S/Sgt, DNB - PRESTON, William, S/Sgt, KIA - ROGERS, Isaac D, Pfc, KIA - SORRELL, Joe H, Pfc, DOW - SORRELL, Henry B, Pfc,KIA - THOMAS, Frank, Pvt, DNB - WILLOUGHBY, Jack D, Sgt, KIA - WILSON, Homer, Pvt, DNB MORGAN CO: ADAMS, Robert E, Tec/5, DOW - BARKER, Cecil, S/Sgt, KIA - BLANKENSHIP, Joe W, 2nd/Lt, KIA - BROOKS, Lonnie P, Pfc, KIA - CARTER, Nicholas, Pfc, DNB - CASKEY, Carlen R, Sgt, DOW - CONLEY, Edgar F, Pvt, KIA - CRASE, Sie, Pfc, KIA - ENGLE, Elmer E, Pvt, DNB - FERGUSON, Hubert, Cpl, KIA - FUGETT, Esta L, Pvt, KIA - GRIFFITTS, Murl, Tec/5, KIA - GULLETT, Oliver J, Pvt, KIA - HOWARD, Charley Jr, Pfc, DOW - HOWARD, Emory L, Pvt, DNB - KELLY, Clyde, Pvt, KIA - LACY, Elmer L, Pfc, KIA - LAWSON, Orivel E, Pvt, KIA - LYKINS, Henry F, Pvt, DNB - McKENZIE, Ora D, Pfc, KIA - NICKELL, Charles E, Pfc, KIA - NICKELL, Herman V, Pfc, KIA - NICKELL, Roy, Tec/4, KIA - NICKELL, Walter K, Pfc, KIA - PEYTON, Glennon A, Pvt, DNB - POTTER, Ralph L, Pvt, KIA - RATLIFF, Ova W, Pvt, FOD - RIGGSBY, Billy D, Pfc, KIA - SERGENT, Lonnie, Pvt, KIA - SIPES, Tressie D, Sgt, KIA - SPENCER, Ira J, Pfc, DNB - TURNER, Buford, Pvt, DOW - WAGES, Omer B, Cpl, DNB - WALSH, Rudolph, Pvt, FOD - WALTER, Marshall W, Pfc, KIA - WALTER, Maxton W, Cpl, KIA - WEBB, Charels E, Pvt, KIA - WELLS, Arthur P, Pvt, DNB - WHITT, Sherman, S/Sgt, KIA - WILLIAMS, Ollie G, Pfc, KIA - WILSON, Robert, Pvt, KIA - WITTENHAGEN, W O - Pfc, KIA - WRIGHT, Clarence M, Pvt, KIA MUHLENBERG CO: ALVERSON, James E, T/Sgt, DNB - BAGWELL, Ervin, Pfc, DNB - BARTON, Joe B, FL/O, KIA - BLASENGANE, Paul, Pfc, DNB - BOBBITT, Chester L, S/Sgt, DOW - BROWNING, Woodrow D, T/Sgt, KIA - BRUCE, Woodrow W, S/Sgt, DNB - BURGESS, Kenneth D, Pfc, FOD - CARVER, Thelmer R, Pfc,KIA - CLARK, Harold D, AV/C,DNB - COBB, Paul, Pfc, DNB - COLEMAN, Edward E, pfc, KIA - DAVIS, Arthur L, Cpl, KIA - DRAKE, Shelly J, Pfc, DNB - DUKES, Martin B, Pfc, KIA - DUNCAN, Shelby L, Pfc, KIA - DUVALL, Charles B, Pvt, DNB - EAVES, George S, Pvt, KIA - EDWARDS, Johnny C, Pfc, KIA - FORTNEY, Ray F, S/Sgt, KIA - FOUST, William J, Pfc, KIA - FRANKLIN, Marvin E, Pfc, DOW - GARRETT, Leonard V, Tec/4, DNB - GARY, Glendell W, Pfc, DOW - GISH, Robert A, Pvt, KIA - HAILEY, Henson H, Sgt, DNB - HANCOCK, James R, Pfc, KIA - HAYES, Kenneth R, Tec/5, DNB - HELSLEY, Claude E, Pvt, KIA - HENDRICKS, Gordon T, Pfc,KIA - HOBGOOD, Keith N, S/Sgt, KIA - HUMPHREY, Kenneth, Pvt, DOW - HUNT, Philip W, AV/C, DNB - JACKSON, Carroll E, Pvt, DNB - JACKSON, Maroni, S/Sgt, KIA - JARVIS, Robert E, pfc, KIA - JESSUP, Gus, Tec/4, DOW - JONES, Ervie E, S/Sgt, KIA - JONES, Lendel C, Pfc,KIA - KIRKPATRICK, R H, Sgt, KIA - KOON, Edward G, Pfc, DNB - LITTLETON, David E, Pfc, DOW - LLOYD, Kenneth C, Pvt, DNB - MALONE, Gerald B, Pvt, KIA - McCOWN, Fayette R, Sgt,DNB - McTOLF, John C, 2nd/Lt,DNB - MEFFORD, Billy C, Pvt, KIA - MWEFFORD, Earl, Pfc, DNB - MONROE, Walter L, S/Sgt, KIA - MOORE, John W, Pfc, DOW - MOSBY, William E, Pvt, DOW - MURPHY, Edward H, Pvt, KIA - NEWMAN, James R, Pvt, KIA - NOLE, Walter W, Pvt, DNB - OBANNON, James E, Pfc, DNB - OGDEN, Nathaniel H, Pvt, DNB - PEVELER, Samuel N, Cpl, DNB - PRYOR, Leonard, Pvt, DNB - REEVES, Marvin, Sgt, DNB - RICE, Lucian E Jr, Pfc, KIA - RICH, Charles F, Pvt, DOW - RICHARDSON, Robert H, Pfc, KIA - ROBINSON, Clarence Jr, Pfc, FOD - SALLEE, James H, Pvt, DOW - SIMMONS, Eugene, Pvt, KIA - STANLEY, James W, Pfc, KIA - STIRSMAN, Lawrence B, Pvt, DNB - TOOLEY, Bob, Pfc, KIA - TURNER, Wallace E, S/Sgt, KIA - VANCE, Eugene V, Pvt, KIA - VINCENT, Arnold J, Pvt, KIA - VINCENT, Latney E, S/Sgt, KIA - VINCENT, Robert L, Pfc, KIA - VINCENT, William B, Pfc, KIA - WAGONER, Anry, Pfc, KIA - WALLACE, Wendell L, Pfc,KIA - WHEELDON, Earl F, Tec/5, KIA - WILKINS, Edmond C, pvt, KIA - WINN, James W, Pfc, KIA - WOODRUFF, Robert N, Pvt, KIA To be continued (c) Copyright 18 Sept 2003, Sandra K.Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #458 - TYPES OF GRAVE COVERS Before leaving the subject of cemeteries, I thought I would finish up this series with a description of some of the various coffins from the past and present. There are styles that are found only in particular areas of the country and unseen elsewhere. These will be generally found in Kentucky; many of these I had never heard of before. Without having the ability to show diagrams, I will do my best to describe them in words alone. Box Covers: These are quite common and were made of limestone and sandstone, slate, shale, even marble and granite. It depended on what type of stone was available in that area. They ran from the very ornate to the handmade. Slabs of stone were built up with a flat slab on the top, normally the inscriptions were on the slab. Many of these have broken over the years allowing one to look inside - children sometimes fear the body is inside the cover, but again, this sits on top of the grave. This style is found frequently in South Central Kentucky. Some covers were longer than the base, some of the side stones were mortared; some just piled on top of each other. Box Covered - Opened. In this style, there are only end pieces made of stone and the slab on top, allowing a view of the grave itself. Some were very ornately carved end stones resembling pillars. Some box covers were large enough to cover up to four graves. These were popular primarily in the first half of the 19th century. Box Vault Covers: These came in children's and adult's size, from 10 to 12 inches think. These were popular from 1830 up to around 1910. They were made up of two sides and 2 end pieces; each side piece was about three inches thick and the end pieces 4-6 inches thick. The vault covers could be up to 3 feet tall. Box With Comb Top Covers. A variation on both the box vault covers and the comb top. Coffin Shape Box Covers. The base is in the shape of a coffin itself and has a thick coffin shaped slap on top, normally about three inches think. They are about thirty inches wide. These were made in both adult and child sized and sat over the actual grave. Some of this style can be found in Clinton County, KY and assuredly other areas. Coffin Shaped Slab Covers. The covers look like the tops of the above and either set on the ground or are raised up on concrete blocks or stones. These were popular in the last half ot he 1800's. Comb Grave Covers: This is a cover laid out to look like a roof on a house. The tops are angled over the grave and fastened at the top, and with the headstones and foot stones, it looks like a roof of a house lying on the ground. The covers can be made of stone or brick with many patterns. On some comb grave covers, the ends were open, some were bricked or stoned in. 1830-1900 time frame. Corbeled Arch Covers: These are created by laying layer after layer of stone around the other edges of the grave with each level set in slightly from the level below. Stones could range from 5 to 12 inches thick and normally ran the full length of the grave. These were used roughly from 1820-1900. Grave Houses. This is a most intriguing covering for a grave and one that I'm never seen. They came in all styles , some being built as early at 1800. Some are concrete, some of native stone and built into a house. Some are quite ornate with doors and windows; some are of brick, some are large enough to cover an entire family plot. There were wooden ones that look like a gazebo. The individual stones could be placed outside the house to mark the actual location; there is one in Hawsville KY that is a concrete log cabin. Reportedly, some of the grave houses were ornate enough to include "siding" and roofing material Shell Slap Covers. This is an extremely unique and limited-area grave cover. It is found in one area of Kentucky and that is in Edmonson County close to the Nolin River Lake area. The graves are covered with mussels shells or half shells. They can be laid out in a random pattern or just tossed all over the grave. Many times the shells are bleached until they are almost pure white. This seems to have started as a family tradition, the shells were available and decorated the graves like a myriad of flowers and was continued. The main time-frame was from about 1880-1950. Slab Covers. In this style a solid slab just laid right on the ground and many have sunken into the ground over the years. The were the size of the grave and had the inscription carved on it. Some had head and foot stones at each end. More modern styles became popular in the 1940's and raised slightly off the ground. It was the mode also during the late 1940's and 1950's to have coffins with a glass window. The selling feature was that a survivor could have the grave opened one time to see their family member's face, but after that it could not be opened again because the seal would have been broken. Stone Arch Covers: The covers are normally made of limestone and form an arch with capstones. The normal size is about 8 feet or more long and 5-6 feet wide. They appears to have been built in the 1830's and 1840's. In closing, we've all seen the westerns where the lawman or the outlaw died with his boots on and was placed in a pine box. The pine box was used for many years and vaults were seldom used. The boxes were of the typical shape and contained a cut out window so the individual's face could be seen. It was the vogue to have your picture taken with the coffin - many times with the coffin leaning up against a chair or table and the family gathered around. The deceased's face was clearly visible in the photograph and was a treasured family memento. Most furniture stores in the 1800's into the 1900's, also made caskets. Sometimes furniture stores had a funeral home on the second floor of their business. References: Grave Covers, Our Cultural Heritage, Vernon White, Bowling Green KY, 2001 Ghosts Along the Cumberland Death lore in the Kentucky Foothills, University of Tennessee Press, 1975, William Lynwood Montel Cave Hill Cemetery, A Pictorial Guide and History, Louisville KY, Cave Hill Cemetery Co, 1985 by Samuel W. Davis (c) Copyright 11 Sept 2003, Sandra K.Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

In conjunction with today's post ... go to the following URL in today's edition of the Louisville Courier-Journal online. I think you'll appreciate it! http://www.courier-journal.com/localnews/2003/09/04ky/wir-front-graves0904-9 318.html If the link doesn't work, go to the courier-journal.com and click on the main article. Sandi Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #457: MORE ON CEMETERIES Here are some general notes that were stressed at the recent cemetery symposium put on by the Kentucky Historical Society. 1 - What if the family cemetery is not noted on the current deed? Here is your dilema: On a deed back in the early 1800's, your family, while owning some acreage, noted that an acre of land was known as a cemetery. Or, in an ancestor's will, he states that a certain amount of his land is to be set aside as a burying ground. But, on current deeds there is no cemetery mentioned. It's still there, even if it doesn't appear on current deeds. It might take you some detective work of running the deeds backward, but if a cemetery was mentioned at all .. that plot of land to be used for a cemetery is still there legally. You might have to do some detective work by running the deeds backward. Find the current owner's name, which will show the individual who sold him the land. Find that deed (it's normally mentioned in the deed that the previous deed is recorded in book #, page #) ... and keep reading the deeds backwards to see if you can find mention of that cemetery - burying ground, burial ground ... many terms were used. 2 - Does the current land owner bear responsibility for fencing off the family cemetery? No. Hopefully, if he is a good person, he will understand and maybe help. But he does not have to bear the cost of fencing off the cemetery. Perhaps if you talk to him, you can work out something - splitting the cost, or at least his granting permission for you to access his property and putting up a fence. 3 - Does the land owner have to build a road to get to the cemetery? No. All he has to do is to provide access to the cemetery. It doesn't have to be a two-lane blacktop road, it is just access to the cemetery. If there was a road there before, the landowner must maintain the road or fence - he can't be required to build one. 4 - Can the current land owner lock the gate to a fenced cemetery? If he does, he should give a representative of the family a key. 5 - Should you check for permission to cross a current landowner's property to see the cemetery? Yes. It's a good policy. He likely doesn't like it if there are people constantly traipsing across his land that he doesn't know. Either call in advance, or go to the door. Unless your cemetery is accessible from the road, you will be trespassing on his property. Build a good relationship if possible! Can he deny someone access to the cemetery? The KY law does not cover this. It is handled on a case by case basis through the KY Attorney General's office. 6 - What is an abandoned cemetery? Any cemetery which has not received a burial within the past ten years. 7 - Can I register the cemetery with anyone? Yes. The Kentucky Historical Society is creating and maintaining a database of all cemeteries and burial sites in the state to provide a permanent record for preservation and educational purposes. They provide a form that you can complete and return to them. To obtain a form write them at: KHS Community Services Office, 100 W. Broadway, Frankfort, KY 40601. Or you may call them at 502-564-1792 or 877-444-7867 (toll free), ext. 4404 or4478, or you may fax them at 502-564-0475. All information should be completed to the best of your ability on this form - known as the Kentucky Cemetery Census Survey Form, indicating that you are unsure or not applicable for any for which you cannot obtain the information. Information requested is as follows: Name of Cemetery, Date of Survey (to be explained next), Location of Cemetery (address), County, GPS Location of the Cemetery if known, Owner of the Cemetery, Is the cemetery still in use (active burials), Is the cemetery/burial ground abandoned (can you provide the last known contact?), Contact person and phone number for the cemetery, Total number of acres in cemetery, Approximate number of existing tombstones, number of other burial structures (mausoleums, etc), Type of owner (religious, private family burial ground, non-profit organization, sole proprietorship, corporate, other), Are there areas where graves are unmarked, how is maintenance currently provided (community or non-profit organization, cemetery organization, board or committee, church group, volunteers, government, other), and how would you rate the current condition of the cemetery or burial site (well maintained and cared for, adequately maintained, needs maintenance, neglected, abandoned). Also: Have arrangements been made for perpetual care and maintenance expenses of the cemetery, i.e., trust fund, nonprofit friends group, etc., explain. Then there is a historical survey that needs to be filled out. This includes: earliest death date recorded, latest death date recorded, are there any particularly culturally or historically significant gravesites or other facts concerning this cemetery (this would include soldiers, public officials, etc), include any additional information that you would like to provide about this cemetery such as religious affiliation, major period of use, relationship of the cemetery to the community or original family owner, etc. Bibliography and/or reference works - any citation from books, records, maps or personal interviews. Sketch a map if possible showing the cemetery's relationship to the town, or if in the county, to rivers, timbers, etc. Show any buildings that stand adjacent to the cemetery. Sounds like an awesome task, but well worth it! Then, the cemetery needs to be surveyed. They provide a form (of which you will need to make additional copies likely) to be submitted with the survey. It provides blanks for the following information: County, Cemetery Name(s), Date Copied. Prefix (military rank, Mrs, Mr, Mrs, etc), Surname, First Name, Middle Name, Suffix (Jr.,Sr., etc), Other surname, birth date, death date. (Other surname would be for example if a woman's maiden name is on the stone). Inscription (exactly what's written on the stone), General Notes. The notes might show any carvings such as lambs, ivy, etc., or "Rest In Peace" type messages, if the stone is broken or damaged, that it lies next to the spouse, etc. Return these forms to the address shown above and it will be registered with the KHS. 8 - Finally, can the current landowner have an abandoned cemetery moved and the bodies reinterred? Yes, but he must make a definite attempt to reach the family descendants. Will he? He has to absorb the cost of moving the stones and bodies through a local funeral home, and the remains placed in another cemetery of equal or great "quality". In other words, the bodies need to be reintered in a decent place known as a cemetery - he can't dump the remains and stones in a ditch. He most likely will have to work with a local funeral home, have the permission of the County Court and other legal requirements. If a family requests reinterment of a body or the entire cemetery, they pay the cost and file appropriate papers. On my post where I listed all the current Kentucky laws re cemeteries I mentioned the type of felony it was considered. A Class C Felony is punishable by 5-10 years in jail plus fines if deemed needed; a Class D felony is 1-5 years and repair. What if a cemetery needs to be moved by the government for creation of a dam, etc.? If the government is requesting the removal of an entire cemetery, they have specific rules that must be followed. An as example, in the 1960's, the government approved the building of Barren River dam which would flood many acres of farm land, homes and cemeteries. In order for them to move the cemeteries, the Army Corps of Engineers had to follow these rules (briefly). Contact family members if possible. Mark every grave making maps, location of cemetery, location of each grave, location of each possible unmarked grave (indentations in the ground). Each grave site was marked with a tall pole. The U. S. Attorney had to prepare papers. On the day of the removal, each grave had to be shrouded with a tent to keep it out of view of onlookers other than a family member, the funeral home, the grave digger and the government representative. If the grave digging was not completed by dark, a guard had to stand duty at the cemetery. If remains were found, they dug the first two feet down by a pick, the rest by shovel, until the grave was open 3 x 7 x 7. The remains - sometimes only pieces of the coffin or bones, were respectfully placed in a box and then placed in a closed truck or funeral car, they could not be stacked one on top of the other. If there were no remains found, ½ cubic feet of dirt was dug and placed in a smaller box of high quality. If jewelry or other valuables were found, they were placed in a separate box and that box placed in the new coffin box, after being sealed. A 2 x 4 ID plate was placed on the top of the box. The remains in the new box had to be placed in a cemetery of equal or greater than condition that from which it was taken. Pictures had to be taken of the cemetery before and after. And lots of reports had to be completed. Sometimes the remains were placed in an existing cemetery (specified by the descendants or chosen by the government); sometimes a reinterment cemetery was opened. When all the graves were emptied, the poles marking their location were dropped into the grave and the grave filled in. If the caskets were in vaults, the vaults were moved too. Then the land was smoothed over and restored to a pristine condition as if no cemetery had existed. (c) Copyright 4 Sept 2003, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved, from information provided by the Kentucky Historical Society. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #455 - KENTUCKY CEMETERY LAWS -2003 I am going to take one more week before returning to the WW II deaths of Kentucky soldiers. I recently attended a workshop sponsored by the Kentucky Historical Society on cemetery preservation. It was an extremely interesting program that I wish you all could have attended. For this tip I am going to list the current laws of the State of Kentucky on Kentucky Cemetery Laws. I am asked this question more than any other I think - what can I do if my family cemetery in Kentucky is being destroyed by cattle, or why won't the land owner let me get to our family burial grounds, etc. Here are the current laws for 2003. KRS381.690 - Protection of Burial grounds by cities. Within the corporate limits of a city, cemetery cannot be used for dumping grounds, building sites, playgrounds, places of entertainment and amusement, public parks, athletic field or parking grounds. KRS381.697 - Every cemetery in Kentucky except private cemeteries to be maintain by its legal owner or owners with respect to individual owners of burial plots in the cemetery - free of growth of weeds, accumulated debris, displaced tomb stones or other signs and indication of vandalism or gross neglect. KRS381.700 - Governing authorities of any city within whose corporate limits any burying grounds may require owner of those having claims to the grounds to properly care for them. KRS381.71- Evidence of dedication or use of land as burying ground. The fact that graves are not visible on any part of the grounds shall not be construed as evidence that such grounds were not set aside and used for burial purposes. KRS381.715 - Burial Rights in cemetery lots; abandonment; resale by cemetery. A Cemetery lot is defined as containing one or more grave spaces located within a cemetery registered. An officer of the cemetery may cause to be file, on behalf of a cemetery, an action in the circuit court of the county requesting burial rights in the unused portion of the lots in question deemed abandoned. Petition to include name of original owner , name of persons buried in the lots and dates if known, name, address and phone number of the cemetery office, and an affidavit stating that no person has been buried in the cemetery lot in question for at least 100 years, the owner of the burial lots in question, service of process by attorney, etc. KRS381.720 Abandoned cemetery in certain cities, proceedings to vest title in city. This deals with an abandoned cemetery within the city limits. KRS381.740 - Assertion of claim to compensation for value of interest in cemetery or lot. Again, cemetery within city limits. KRS381.750 - Judgment; removal of bodies or monuments. 30 days prior public announcement, if no protest, court can declare cemetery to be abandoned. Claimants have 30 days in which to remove the mortal remains and monuments from the lots and they liable to pay costs. If no one appears to have this done, then the county officers pay for the removal, disinterment, removal and reinterment of body or bodies in such other cemetery in the county in which said city is located . KRS381.755 - Removal of grave or cemetery on application of land owner or county; procedure, expenses. Liability for desecration of graves may exist when land that has been previously used as a cemetery is reused as a cemetery without first removing and reinterring the remains of those previously buried there. There is no liability for desecration if the cemetery is abandoned so that nothing indicates there are graves in the ground, the person is without notice that graves exist, and the public no longer recognizes the land as a cemetery. KRS381.755 - Removal of grave or cemetery on application of land owner or county; procedures; expenses. After application of the property owner on whose land is located an abandoned grave or cemetery, or whenever the fiscal court or any county deems it to be in the best interest of the county to remove and relocate any such grave or cemetery, the court may issue an order or resolution authorizing such removal or relocation. This order or resolution shall specify and declare that at any time after the expiration of 60 days, the court shall direct the removal or relocation. Expenses incurred shall be paid by the individual requesting the removal. Any grave or cemetery removed shall be relocated in a suitable place at the expense of the person or county requesting the removal. For purpose of this section - a cemetery shall be considered abandoned when left unattended for a period of ten years preceding the date of the resolution and relocation of the grave or cemetery. KRS433.660. Any person who willfully mutilates the graves, monuments, fences, shrubbery, ornaments, grounds or buildings in or enclosing any cemetery or place of sepulture; or violates the graves of any person by willfully destroying, removing or damaging the head or foot stones, or the tomb over the enclosure protecting any grave, or by digging into or plowing over or removing the ornaments, shrubbery or flower placed upon any grave or lot shall be fined not less than ten dollars nor more than one hundred dollars, or imprisoned for not more than six months, or both. KRS525.105 Desecration of venerated objects, first degree. A person is guilty of desecration of venerated object in the first degree when, other than authorized by law, he intentionally excavates or disinters human remains for the purpose of commercial sale or exploitation of the remains themselves or of objects buried contemporaneously with the remains. Desecration of venerated object in the first degree is a Class D felony. [This would cover Indian graves, etc.] KRS525.110 Desecration of venerated objects, second degree. This occurs when a public monument or object or place of worship, a national or state flat, other patriotic or religious symbol is desecrated. This is a Class A misdemeanor. KRS525.115. Violating Graves. This includes the following. (1) mutilates the graves, monuments, fences, shrubbery, ornaments, grounds, or buildings in or enclosing a cemetery or place of sepulture; or violates the grave by destroying, removing, or damaging the headstone or footstone, or the tomb over the enclosure protecting any grave or; digs into or plows over or removes any ornament, shrubbery, or flower placed upon any grave or lot. This does not apply to ordinary maintenance and care of a cemetery or the removal of graves as noted above. This is a Class A misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class D felony for each subsequent offense. KRS525.120 Abuse of a corpse. An individual will be found guilty of this when he intentionally treats a corpse in a way that would outrage ordinary family sensibilities. This is a Class A misdemeanor. [This involves several things, including a faulty casket where the body would fall out, improper cremation such as happened last summer, and many other cases. Applies primarily now to funeral home directors, crematoriums, etc.] For further information see: http://www.louisville.edu/~kycemregs.htm I will cover, in more detail, other topics dealing with cemeteries, cleaning, restoration, reinterments, etc. as the weeks go by. This will include who is responsible for making a family cemetery accessible, how to work with land owners, what if the cemetery is not mentioned on the deed and many other topics. (c) Copyright 28 August 2003, Sandra K. Gorin Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/

TIP #454 - THE NEED TO BELONG From the days of the Garden of Eden, man and woman have never truly wanted to be alone. Of course, there are those individuals who prefer privacy and aloofness from society, but in the general, mankind has always sought the companionship of others. And, the ideal companionship is with someone of like interest. From the child who cries when the parent is out of sight, to the teenager who joins into basketball, football, baseball teams; to school clubs; to dating. Oh the misery of not having a date for the big school affair. Then, as the teen turns into a young man or woman, the search is on for the "perfect mate", the soul-mate to share lives with each other. People also turn to churches. There is a sense of safety, companionship, a unity of worship that fills the lonely heart. Kentucky is part of the "Bible belt" and churches were established almost from the beginning of statehood. Many times there was no church nearby of the denomination persuasion of the family and they attended and joined a different denomination. Many times they then stayed with that denomination; others withdrew when a church of their persuasion was constituted. Church services lasted most of the day in the early times and it was a time of fellowship, teaching, preaching, singing and getting together to discuss the problems of the day. In most churches, services were only held once a month so the families looked forward for the day their circuit riding minister made his rounds to their church. Lastly, individuals turned to organizations. Many were occupational organizations, many social. By the early 1900's, these organizations were flourishing: American Legion of Honor Ancient Order of Foresters of America Ancient Order of Hibernians of America Ancient Order of United Workmen Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen Catholic Benevolent Legion Catholic Knights of America Catholic Mutual Benefit Association Catholic Order of Foresters Christian Endeavor Daughters of Honor (A.O.U.W.) Epworth League Equitable Aid Union Freemasons Grand Army of the Republic Grange, The (Patrons of Husbandry) Improved Order of Heptasophs Improved Order of Red Men Independent Order of B'Nai B'rith Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F.) Irish Catholic Benevolent Union Junior Order of United American Mechanics Knights and Ladies of Honor Knights of Columbus Knights of Honor Knights of Peter Claver Knights of Pythias Knights of the Golden Eagle Knights of the Maccabees Loyal Order of Moose Modern Woodmen of America National Union Odd Fellows Order of Chosen Friends Order of United American Mechanics Order of United Friends Order of the Golden Cross Patriotic Sons of America Royal Arcanum Royal League Royal Society of Good Fellows Royal Templars of Temperance Sons of Temperance Sons of Veterans United Ancient Order of Druids United Order of Pilgrim Fathers Woodmen of the World Added to the above are many other fraternal, church, and geographical organizations and the list would fill many pages. This is not meant to be a comprehensive list! Was your ancestor a member of any of the above organizations? Do you possibly have some jewelry, identification badges or ribbons from a service connected organization? A good web search will likely help you identify insignia and open up another avenue of pursuit as you try to find out more about your family. One source which I'm sure we all wish we still had - most of the badges could be ordered from the old stand-by --the Sears and Roebuck (c) catalog! As I've said so many time, genealogy is not just names and dates. It is the quest to find the entire picture of where they lived, what they did, who they knew, what church they attended, what they liked and who they associated it. One might be startled to see how many of those interests and personality traits have stayed with us! (c) Copyright 21 August 2003, Sandra K. Gorin, All Rights Reserved. Colonel Sandi Gorin SCKY Links: http://www.public.asu.edu/~moore/Gorin.html SCKY surname registry sites: http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/reg.html http://www.rootsweb.com/~kyclinto/forms/SCKYreg.html Gorin Publishing: http://ggpublishing.tripod.com/