I hope it helps.. I did notice the Rev Dodge's wife was from CT. Also have you checked Revoluntionary pensions?? Those records might give a lead to where the Dodge's lived before coming to KY. Lynne

Here I think I got a Revolutionary war Pension to help someone, and If I remember (NOW) Isaac was my line of Vertrees. So I'll be get the whole pension later and be putting it online in the Hardin Co. genconnect pension site. Teddy Listowner of Grayson, CO. KY mailing list, Fulkerson and Vertrees list and genconnect boards. Also help with the Nelson, and Boyle CO. KY genconnect Researching: BRUNER, BRADY, VERTREES, FULKERSON, FORD MIDDELTON, HARRIS, JONES, JENKINS, COOK, MC DANIEL <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=SHOW&db=br uner&recno=30">RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: From John Robert Bruner to Theodora DeFord</A> http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/~bruner

Hi Mellisa This is my French family also,My grandmother was Ida French Brown and my gr grandfather was Henry Cyprian French.My mother was born and raised in meade co area until marriage to my father in Hardin Co,Colesburg Ky.Are you a French cousin?? Larry Crawford Elizabethtown Ky Melissa Alexander wrote: > I don't have much on these lines, just this: > > Ancestors of John Johnson > > Generation No. 1 > > 1. John Johnson (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.), born Bet. > 1780 - 1825. He was the son of 2. John Johnson and 3. Catherine French. He > married (1) Elizabeth Booth (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.) > November 17, 1840 (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.). She was > born Bet. 1780 - 1825. She was the daughter of James Booth and Elizabeth > Johnson. > > Generation No. 2 > > 2. John Johnson, born Bet. 1730 - 1790. He married 3. Catherine French > April 17, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > 3. Catherine French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1785 > (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 17, 1855 in KY. > She was the daughter of 6. Raphael Thomas French and 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead. > > Child of John Johnson and Catherine French is: > 1 i. John Johnson, born Bet. 1780 - 1825; married Elizabeth Booth November > 17, 1840. > > Generation No. 3 > > 6. Raphael Thomas French, born Abt. 1760 in SMC, MD (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Abt. 1850 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.). He was the son of 12. Ignatius French and 13. Susanna > Unknown. He married 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead Abt. 1780 (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead > > Children of Raphael French and Mary Mead are: > i. Susannah French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1778 > (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 14, 1859 in > Colesburg, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married (1) James > French; married (2) Charles Bryan May 10, 1799 in Nelson Co, KY (Source: > Kentucky Marriages to 1850, ancestry.com.). > ii. Stephen T. French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born > 1784 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died February 02, > 1868 in KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Mary McDillin > Brewer May 30, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY. > 3 iii. Catherine French, born 1785; died October 17, 1855 in KY; married > John Johnson April 17, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY. > iv. Elisha M. French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1786 > in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 11, 1868 in > Jasper Co, IL (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > v. Eleanor French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born > September 11, 1788 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died January > 07, 1884 in KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > vi. Martin French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1792 in > MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Abt. 1839 (Source: Alta > Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > vii. George French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1803 > (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died April 04, 1844 in Hardin > Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > > Generation No. 4 > > 12. Ignatius French, born Abt. 1705 in MD; died March 20, 1772 in SMC, MD > (Source: Ernie Perry.). He was the son of Martin French and Mary Unknown. > He married 13. Susanna Unknown. > 13. Susanna Unknown > > Children of Ignatius French and Susanna Unknown are: > i. James French, born 1750 in St Mary's Co., MD (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died April 09, 1815 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta > Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Susanna Melton May 25, 1773 in St. > Xaviers Church, SMC, MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born > Abt. 1758. > ii. Ann French, born Abt. 1751 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); > married Martin Yates 1771 in MD (Source: (1) Francine Halter, > LFHalter@aol.com., (2) Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born 1735 (Source: > Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.). > iii. Elinor French, born Abt. 1753. > iv. Martin French, born Abt. 1755 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Bef. 1772; married Sarah Unknown; born in (was > she a SHANKS?). > 6 v. Raphael Thomas French, born Abt. 1760 in SMC, MD; died Abt. 1850 in > Hardin Co, KY; married Mary 'Ann' Mead Abt. 1780. > vi. Stephen French, born Abt. 1762 (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > vii. Mary French, born Abt. 1765 (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Bef. 1804 (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Samuel Greenwell (Source: Alta Wesley > ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born Bet. 1700 - 1770. > viii. Ignatius French, born March 26, 1767 in SMC, MD (Source: (1) Alta > Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com., (2) Ernie Perry.); died Bef. 1804 (Source: Alta > Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). > > Have the French's back a few more generations-but I think I already sent > that to you long ago. > > MELISSA THOMPSON ALEXANDER > ma.da@gte.net > edmonds, washington, usa > > ============================== > Shop Ancestry - Everything you need to Discover, Preserve & Celebrate > your heritage! > http://shop.myfamily.com/ancestrycatalog

I don't have much on these lines, just this: Ancestors of John Johnson Generation No. 1 1. John Johnson (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.), born Bet. 1780 - 1825. He was the son of 2. John Johnson and 3. Catherine French. He married (1) Elizabeth Booth (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.) November 17, 1840 (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.). She was born Bet. 1780 - 1825. She was the daughter of James Booth and Elizabeth Johnson. Generation No. 2 2. John Johnson, born Bet. 1730 - 1790. He married 3. Catherine French April 17, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). 3. Catherine French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1785 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 17, 1855 in KY. She was the daughter of 6. Raphael Thomas French and 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead. Child of John Johnson and Catherine French is: 1 i. John Johnson, born Bet. 1780 - 1825; married Elizabeth Booth November 17, 1840. Generation No. 3 6. Raphael Thomas French, born Abt. 1760 in SMC, MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Abt. 1850 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). He was the son of 12. Ignatius French and 13. Susanna Unknown. He married 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead Abt. 1780 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). 7. Mary 'Ann' Mead Children of Raphael French and Mary Mead are: i. Susannah French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1778 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 14, 1859 in Colesburg, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married (1) James French; married (2) Charles Bryan May 10, 1799 in Nelson Co, KY (Source: Kentucky Marriages to 1850, ancestry.com.). ii. Stephen T. French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1784 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died February 02, 1868 in KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Mary McDillin Brewer May 30, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY. 3 iii. Catherine French, born 1785; died October 17, 1855 in KY; married John Johnson April 17, 1809 in Hardin Co, KY. iv. Elisha M. French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1786 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died October 11, 1868 in Jasper Co, IL (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). v. Eleanor French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born September 11, 1788 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died January 07, 1884 in KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). vi. Martin French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1792 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Abt. 1839 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). vii. George French (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.), born 1803 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died April 04, 1844 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). Generation No. 4 12. Ignatius French, born Abt. 1705 in MD; died March 20, 1772 in SMC, MD (Source: Ernie Perry.). He was the son of Martin French and Mary Unknown. He married 13. Susanna Unknown. 13. Susanna Unknown Children of Ignatius French and Susanna Unknown are: i. James French, born 1750 in St Mary's Co., MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died April 09, 1815 in Hardin Co, KY (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Susanna Melton May 25, 1773 in St. Xaviers Church, SMC, MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born Abt. 1758. ii. Ann French, born Abt. 1751 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Martin Yates 1771 in MD (Source: (1) Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com., (2) Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born 1735 (Source: Francine Halter, LFHalter@aol.com.). iii. Elinor French, born Abt. 1753. iv. Martin French, born Abt. 1755 in MD (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Bef. 1772; married Sarah Unknown; born in (was she a SHANKS?). 6 v. Raphael Thomas French, born Abt. 1760 in SMC, MD; died Abt. 1850 in Hardin Co, KY; married Mary 'Ann' Mead Abt. 1780. vi. Stephen French, born Abt. 1762 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). vii. Mary French, born Abt. 1765 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); died Bef. 1804 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); married Samuel Greenwell (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.); born Bet. 1700 - 1770. viii. Ignatius French, born March 26, 1767 in SMC, MD (Source: (1) Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com., (2) Ernie Perry.); died Bef. 1804 (Source: Alta Wesley ALTAWesley@aol.com.). Have the French's back a few more generations-but I think I already sent that to you long ago. MELISSA THOMPSON ALEXANDER ma.da@gte.net edmonds, washington, usa

Hardin Co Will Bk D, pg 222: Will of Anastatia JOHNSON 29 Mar 1822; she widow of Thomas. dec'd. Bequests to Thomas FOSTER, Harriet DUGAN, Nancy JENKINS, James BOOTH. mentions property at Lewis JENKINS' and claims agains Stephen FRENCH, John JOHNSON and Thomas H. WISE. IS Anastatia the same as Ann Whealtley who m Thomas Johnson 1796 Nelson Co?? Thomas FOSTER m Mary JOHNSON 2 Jul 1825 Hardin Co Harriet JOHNSON m Charles DUGAN 1 Apr 1829 Hardin Co. James BOOTHE m Elizabeth JOHNSON 9 Jan 1811 Hardin Co Nancy Gilbert m Allison Jenkins 2 Feb 1815 Hardin Co (only Jenkins to marry a Nancy- he s/o Philip & Jane Allison Jenkins). Lewis JENKINS m Ann JOHNSON 20 Sep 1819 Hardin (don't have Lewis' parentage but strange to see Lewis & possibly Allison mentioned in same document). Stephen FRENCH m Mary McDillin BREWER 30 May 1809 Hardin Co. John JOHNSON m Catherine FRENCH 17 Apr 1809 Hardin OR John JOHNSON m Kitty DRAKE 20 Mar 1818 Hardin Co (opt for the 1st John). THomas H. WISE m Nancy DORSEY 12 Jun 1817 Hardin. Since I have Johnson, Jenkins, French, Boothe/Merrifield lines- am interested in all data. All these line intermarried very badly & is very hard to untangle!!! Stephen FRENCH. b 1774-1792 SMC. Md, s/o Raphael FRENCH (b SMC, MD; d 1851 Hardin Co, KY); s/o Ignatius Sr & Susanna FRENCH (he d Mar 20, 1772 SMC, MD). Trying to sort out French, Johnson, etc. Warmly Mary Yoder ACC Meade/Bullitt Cos

I'm looking for additonal information on the following people. SARAH GRAY b. abt. 1820 married JONTHAN GRIMES b. abt. 1814, and had a daughter named SALLIE / SARAH GRIMES b. abt. 1851 Hardin County or Bullitt County, Ky. Who, when and where did she marry? Siblings of Sallie Grimes were: Magaret Grimes, Martha Grimes, Olive Grimes, William Grimes, Susan Grimes, Mary Grimes, James Grimes and Virginia Grimes. Who did they marry and names of their children? Thank you, Jude

I thought some of you might like to check out this site. I have sent for some of her papers, and she does a great job!! I hope it is of some help to you. : ) Jude Click Here: <A HREF="http://copies1918.net/coverky.html">coverKY</A> Click Here: <A HREF="http://copies1918.net/">Strictly by Name</A>

Can anyone tell me what is up with the neon site for vital stats? I have copied birth, death and marriage information from the site for the past year. Now, when I try to go to the site, it tells me I must have a user name and password. How do you get a username and password? Are these on line records available at a different address? Deborah

I have Conrad Kurtz, Jr married to Eleanor Jefferies and Elizabeth Jefferies. Did my fingers go wild once and type the wrong name. Was there an Eleanor and an Elizabeth Jefferies? Where they sisters? Who where their parents? Any other history? Keith 1 Conrad Kurtz, Jr 1760 - 1855 . +Elizabeth Jeffries 1780 - Unknown *2nd Wife of Conrad Kurtz, Jr: . +Eleanor Jeffries 1766 - 1819 *3rd Wife of Conrad Kurtz, Jr: . +Elizabeth Jones *4th Wife of Conrad Kurtz, Jr: . +Jane Rariden 1790 -

Rob There is also a picture of a spring house built by Joseph Kirkpatrick.The picture is c. 1905. It's near Hodgenville on the north side of the Bardstown Road. I wonder if it's still there... Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Looking for information on, and family of, Alexander Millen, b: 1771, shown in the 1810 Census of Hardin County, page 292 11101-30002-00. He may have had a wife, or daughter, Eleanor and a daughter Nancy. Died 1811-1815. Thank you, Herb Scott

Dear Friends and Fellow Family History Researchers, May we always remember He is the reason for the season. May our research efforts be blessed in the coming year and our brick walls come tumbling down! Merry Chistmas to all and to all a good night! Dianna Gilliam justpeachy@greenhills.net Away in a Manger, Revisited Away in a manger our Saviour once lay, and that is the reason we have Christmas day; He came down from Heaven to live here below to suffer and die because He loves us so. The shepherds first found Him on that starry night; An angel spoke to them and they saw His light. They knelt in the hay there so fragrant and warm and worshipped our Saviour that first Christmas morn. Three kings came to praise Him and gifts to Him gave, and to all His children He then showed the way to serve Him and others by day and by night, and love God, the Father, with heart, mind, and might. He taught us to know what is wrong and what's right... to pray without ceasing and seek further light; To love everybody, the weak and the strong; and ever remember to Him we belong. Let us then be worthy in spirit and truth, to guide others to Him, our lives be the proof; To bring souls to Jesus that they might be free, and praise, ever praise Him, where e'er we may be! Away in a manger, asleep in the hay, our Saviour's the reason for Christmas today. Copyright © 1993 Dianna Gilliam All Rights Reserved May be used in unchanged form for non-commercial purposes if accompanied by this copyright message

Happy Holidays to one and all. This is a great site. Everyone works together to get answers for those who are in need. I hope this continues in the coming year and all the brick walls come tumbling down!!!! The best to everyone. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Hi Tom and Listers, Since I have not posted for a while, here goes. I am looking for any information on any of these Brown or related lines. My James Brown (born 1749ish) married Mary Matchett (b. 1749, d. 1837 buried in LaRue Co., KY). They had 7 children that we have identified so far: 1. Sarah Brown, b. abt 1776 md John Jackson 1796 Hardin Co., KY, NFI 2. Elizabeth Brown, b abt 1778ish md Henry Ash 1809 Hardin Co., KY, Have 3 children from this second marriage of Henry Ash. 3. James Brown, Jr, b 1780 md Nancy Ash 1815 Hardin Co., KY, have 10 children from this marriage. 4. John Brown b 1781, NFI 5. Polly Brown,b abt 1784 md Moses Thomas, Hardin Co., KY. Have 4 children from this marriage. 6. Joseph Brown, b. 5 June 1785/87, d 1850, Porter Co., IN, md Susannah Carter 1808, Hardin Co., KY (My direct line) Have 9 of their13 children. 7. Rachael Brown, b abt 1790 Hardin Co., KY md John Howell in 1820 in Hardin Co., KY. Second marriage for John resulted in 4 children through Rachael. James Brown owned land (like 700 acres) on the Rolling Fork (which was originally in Nelson Co, then Hardin Co., then LaRue Co, KY). (land records) He is supposedly from Ireland and Mary was from Wales. (bio on Howell) I don't know when they entered America. Some information indicates they might have come through the Fairfax County, VA area. Some other information states that Joseph was from Franklin Co., VA. To be able to own so much land makes me think that he might have served in the Rev. War. My Joseph and his family (and others) moved to Spencer Co., IN when Lincoln did; and also moved to northern Indiana in a wagon train with Lincoln and others about 1840. Lincoln settled across the state line in IL. (bio on grandson of Joseph) I am out of town for 5 days Dec 24-29. So hold off answering my email, please. Looking foward to finding some new cousins.... Kathie

Mary Thanks for the extra!!! You always seem to be there when neeeded!! I hope this helps Clyde connect. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Thanks Anna.. For wthose who have family ties to the area, the book is GREAT.. and worth the money. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

I am researching my ancestor, Adam Nichols, b. 1756 in New Hampshire. According to his Rev. War Pension file he moved to Hardin Co. by March 1838 to live with his son. I have found two Nichols in the census records for 1840: a John Nichols on page 034 and a Henry Nichols on page 031. The index I had access to said that Henry was a Nicholas but looking through the years 1820-1840 both Henry & John were listed as Nichols & Nicholas. I know that Adam Nichols also had a son in law, Jesse Atwood, who is listed in the 1840 Census Index as being on page 020. It's possible Adam could have lived with him. Could someone please check the census records for me for these three men? I'd like to see if one of them had a male of about 84 living with them. Adam Nichols died in 1847. According to another Nichols researcher he "died in Near Bowling Green, KY and is buried in Nolan Station, Hardin Co., KY." Could anyone help me verify Adam's place of burial? I stop at Bowling Green several times a year on my way to Louisville. I'd like to find where Adam might be buried or lived so I can visit next time I pass through. Sincerely, Gwen Brooks Atlanta, GA

Deborah i checked the book at the ibrary and it didn't have any McNutly pictures. There was a plot map showing a T J McNutly. There are several pictures of Stithton 1895-1913. Also found some pictures of Pitts Point. Email me privately, give me your address and I will mail them. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Clyde! Hold n to your hat. I did find a will for Josiah Dodge. And it does name family. Will mail it out Friday. Here is part of it: Will book B 157 Dodge, Josiah - Division of land to heirs, 19 Feb 1814 Wife Sophia Dodge ( her name is spelled differently on other parts of will, (Seviah and Safiah) Other beneficiarties, John Dodge, Josiah Dodge, Israel Dodge, Diodemia Dodge, Charles Dodge, James McDonald (married to Theodosia Dodge), Jeriel Dodge, Samuel Larue (married Rev Josiah Dodge's daughter, Elizabeth), Jacob Lafollett. Commissioners Samuel Miller, John Hodgen, Benjamin Wright recorded 10 Oct 1814. Little confused on Josiah and Rev Josiah. Some records say Rev Josiah was in Revoluntionary War and then a Rev. Not real sure if it's not his father that was in the war. Have some articles on Rev Josiah and on Samuel Larue. I thought since Dodge was at Philips Fort, he may have been from the same area in PA. I checked and couldn't find a Dodge in the same locale. Found article about Rev Josiah marrying widow of John Cox. Will include it too. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

The book is at the library. I'm going Thursday, if the library is closed due to snow again.... It was closed Sunday and Monday... I check the names for you. Any other older points of interest? I check them out. Lynne Ditmore &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Genealogy: I think my ancestors have be in the witness protection program!!!! &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&