I do feel ignorant, but hiding that fact won't enlighten me; therefore, I ask what the term "Proven in open court by subscribing witnesses, and duly recorded".... means when it's included with wills ... I do not what "duly recorded" means... but wonder what "proven" means and whether the use of "proven" gives "duly recorded" another meaning when they're both used jointly..... so, my genealogically obsessive/compulsive friends, who will be the first on the block to strike one more blow for my knowledge? and, by the way, thank you all for your many favors over the years frank