>From: [email protected] >Date: Sat, 06 Dec 1997 22:09:15 -0800 >X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0C-NC320 (Win95; U; 16bit) >To: [email protected] >Subject: Mary Catherine Kunkel Loucks > >I just found some more information about my g-g-grandmother Mary >Catherine Kunkel b:15 April 1849 d:13 JULY 1928.It says her parents were >Barnabus and Catherine Secrist Kunkel.Any help appreciated.Terry Loucks >Rutledge-Merry Christmas > > ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Glassmakers part 11 In 1691 Jean Stenger was named Provost of the glassworks. Martin Gerard and Michel Moser had sons Gaspard and Samuel who will sign the document on the establishment of Harreberg. Another son of Martin Gerard, named Martin will be the Provost at the glassworks at Troisfontaines in 1699. The parish records indicate the dwellings of the glassmakers in different ways: at the glassworks situated between Walche and Abreschviller, annex near Walche named Meyedal, Ayendal, glassworks of Abreschviller, or close to Walscheid. The glassworks was situated between the actual well and the chapel which was constructed in 1952 - or at the exact location of the chapel. One cannot determine the closing of the glassworks which probably took place when many of the workers migrated to Troisfontaines about 1700. A canonical visit in 1714 lists fifteen glassmakers in the two glassworks of Troisfontaines and Eigenthal, not to mention the great number of laborers hired at certain times of the year. The only reminder of their existence is the hamlet of Eigenthal and the deforestation created by the glassmakers and maintained by their children Martin Moser and Joseph Gerard, Pierre and Jean Stenger among others who seem to have remained in the area. Two crosses were erected, one in 1717 by Pierre Stenger and his wife, Ursule Walter who did not follow the exodus to Troisfontaines and the other in 1766 by his son Pierre and Marie Madeleine Reiman, his wife. The Glassworks At Troisfontaine (page 60) Otto Flory gives 1699 as the date of establishment of this glassworks by the glassmakers of Eigenthal. On December 3 the Count Antoine of Lutzelbourg and his wife Marie Helene of Schallenberg leased to Martin Gerard and Guillaume Peron (alias Wilhelm Stenger) the land for a duration of thirty years which would begin on the Feast of St. George in 1700. The conditions were: There could be only one furnace. The sale of cider, wine or beer would be tax free. They could fish in the Bievre and in the streams passing through the property. They could not hunt without permission of the lord. High, middle and low justice would continue under the lord who would appoint the mayor, the sheriff and the alderman. Houses built by the buyers and their spouses could be disposed of when the lease expired. The houses could be constructed of fir or non-fruit woods which would be designated by the foresters. In case of need, they could use oak but only if the forester permitted. Every year they would give to the lord two dozen crystal goblets and six bottles the size of a pitcher. All of them "a fine crystal". They will give a young calf every year at Easter to the lord and no more than six of their pigs can roam the forests to eat the acorns. The glassmakers can cut their wood in the forests of Reberg but they cannot cut the oaks. The present lease price is 300 pounds, payable every year on the Feast of St. George. Both parties agree to respect and obey all the charges, clauses and conditions of the lease. The signing of the lease took place at the town of Imling. The witnesses were: Jean Chretien, mayor of Imling and Etienne Hillaire of Saarebourg. The Count signed himself. The glassworkers who signed were: Gaspard Gerard, husband of Anne Marie Stenger, who signed with his mark, a gothic initial H of his first name Hans; Guillaume Peron (alias Stenger), husband of Ursule Betz, who used the sign of a footed goblet; Martin Gerard, husband of Anne Andres, who used a capital H; Pierre Andres, spouse of Anne Marie Fischer, who signed with a cross; Balthazar Gerard, spouse of Odile Walter, who signed with a lower case B; Jean Stenger, husband of Anne Marie Walter; and Christian Stenger, husband of Christiane Gerard. The last two signed their first and last names in gothic style. The parish records of Walscheid continue to show documentation about these people although one cannot establish the exact date of the change from Eigenthal to Troisfontaine. The registers of Brouderdorff, opened in 1703, mention the new glassworks at Troisfontaine from about 1704. It is called "Hofter Glashutte" or "vitriaria" Fontiun (Latin for fountain glassworks). The placename Hoft was already in usage at the beginning of the century in reference to Dreibrunnen, which was also called the Glassworks of Imling residence of the lord, or glassworks of St. Louis according to Lepage. Eigenthal will still be called the glassworks of Eigenthal in 1713 and the "old glassworks" in 1718. The majority of the glassworkers will use the parish of Walscheid. It is not until 1719 that the church of Biberkirch is re-established. [to be continued] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Glassmakers part 10 The Glassworks at Kourtzerode-Waltembourg (page 55) There are no records recording the creation of this glassworks. It was probably established by the Lord d'Elvert de Bourscheid. The glassworks was constructed to the south of St. Jean Kourtzerode and led to the establishment of the village of Waltembourg. The name Valdebourg appears for the first time in 1714 and Waltembourg comes into use when the ovens were extinguished in 1724. It's through parish registers that we learn of the move. In 1696 we no longer find any names in the register at Marmoutier and the register in Bourscheid which was opened in 1698 denotes the presence of glassworkers at Kourtzerode. Between 1698 and 1706 we find the names of Michel Schwerer, Jean Wolff Schwerer, Jacob Spengler, Joseph Schwerer. In 1712, Nicolas Fischer and Jean Schwerer's son are of marriageable age. In 1715 we note the presence of Mathis Moser. In 1717 Frederic Lorentz, a Lutheran who converted to Catholicism is an engraver at Kourtzerode. Jean Wolff Schwerer was the provost at the glassworks (Wolff is a diminutive of Wolfgang, the name which appears in the registers of Marmoutier). He will give two of his daughters (Dorothee and Christiane) in marriage to Jacques Burgun and Pierre Stenger of Meisenthal-Soucht, both of whom will come to work at Plaine de Walsch. He died in his 60's in 1716. The glassworks were established in the gardens to the south of the city hall in the center of the present day village. It still existed in 1721 because Georges Walter says that the fifth co- proprietor of the glassworks at Goetzenbruck, Pierre Stenger, worked at Waltembourg and was called to rejoin his colleagues at Meisenthal. He was the son of Jean Stenger and Ursule Betz of Troisfontaines and had just married Catherine, daughter of Jean Wolff Schwerer and Christine Andres. The "Reichsland Elsass Lothringen" states that the glassworks ovens were extinguished in 1724 for lack of fuel. The fires were probably extinguished in 1723 because that is when Joseph, Jean Wolff and Jean Schwerer, master glassmasters of Kourtzerode obtained permission to create the glassworks at Dannelbourg. Archeological studies indicate that a pottery probably succeeded the glassworks. Glassworks at Dannelbourg (page 56) This glassworks is known to us from maps in the archives of La Ville de Phalsbourg as well as from documents from the archives of Nancy. June 15, 1723 Joseph, Jean Wolff and Jean Schwerer, master glassmakers at Kourtzerode applied to the sire D'Elvert to appeal to the Duke Leopold to permit them to establish a glassworks. The glassworks would include 8 furnaces and 2 studios. Homes would be built for the workers and their aides. On July 6, 1723 Duke Leopold signed the authorization. The finance council was to finalize conditions and included a clause that the glassworks should be completed in a year. The contract was submitted to the tax department of Lorraine on July 29, 1723. One of the documents carries the signature of Joseph Schwerer. The glassworks probably was closed in 1744. The land survey done for the contract for the principality of Lixheim, in the presence of the glassmaker Jacob Mathis - husband of Christine Schwerer and brother-in-law of Joseph Schwerer. Jacob represented the Joseph, Jean Wolff and Jean Schwerer. Nothing remains of this glassworks and it is supposed that it was destroyed shortly after 1744. It seems that the relationships of the glassmakers at Dannelbourg represented a very tight family circle. The lack of inscriptions in the parish records does not reveal the relationship between the founders - Joseph, Jean and Jean Wolff Schwerer. The other glassmakers are Joseph Schwerer, brother-in-law of the preceding; Martin Mathis who established the glassworks at Hohlhagen near Ribauville - husband of Anne Marie Schwerer; Martin Bregeler, husband of Marie Elisabeth Schwerer; Sebastien Meyer, husband of Marie Barbe Trefone. The brothers Jacob and Martin Mathis were born in 1701 and 1706 in Ribauville to Jean Jacques Mathis and his second wife Agnes Siegwart who he married in 1698 at Ribauville-Dusenbach. He married his first wife in 1678 at Soultz. Her name was Marie Engel, daughter of Urs Engel and Elisabeth Maister. Jean Jacques Mathis who was born in 1656 at Soultz was the son of Ursus Mathis and Elisabeth Gressler. A crucifix erected in 1728 in the center of the actual village of Dannelbourg reminds us of Joseph Schwerer. The Glassworks at Eigenthal (page 58) After the extinction of the first fire at Wolfingerthal (Wangenbourg) around 1680, six glassmakers left their colleagues to create the glassworks at Eigenthal. The location has not been established because of the many variations of spellings (list from page 58). The establishment of the glassworks took place between 1678 and 1680 dating from the early parish registers in Walscheid. The names of the glassmakers taken from the registers in 1680 are: Mathis Stenger, Joseph Greiner, Martin Gerard, Adam Greiner, Jean Georges Stenger, Vincent Fischer, Michel Moser. Michel Moser doesn't appear in the register until 1684 although he must have come with the first settlers. The respective spouses are Marguerite Andres, Catherine Leroy, Anne Andres, Chistiane Schwerer, Elisabeth Schwerer, Anne Greiner and Elisabeth Andres. All of them except Catherine Leroy are daughters of glassmakers already mentioned. Christian Strel, forester, and Pierre Andres, glassmaker appear in 1688 and 1691 respectively. The parish records of Abreschviller mention Guillaume (William), Jean Georges and Mathis Peron as master glassmasters and their spouses, Ursule Peth (Betz), Elisabeth Schwerer and Marguerite Andres. Intrigued by this unknown patronymic in the group we have been able to determine it was the surname of Stenger which we will find again inscribed under the true name at Walscheid. [to be cont'd] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== If you have any problems with this list please contact Janet Reinhold, [email protected]

I previously asked this list about the ancestors of Maria Barbara Kunkel who married Lorenz (Lawrence) Serfass. I thank everyone who responded. Now I have a new mystery. I have obtained information that the father of Lorenz Serfass was William Serfass and Anna Margaretha Kunkel. Anna and Wilhelm would have been in Chestnut Township, Monroe Co., PA. Thank you, Terry R. McGuire ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. If you'd like to unsubscribe from this list, send an email message to: [email protected], with the word "unsubscribe" in the message body and nothing else.

>From: MHowell486 <[email protected]> >Date: Thu, 4 Dec 1997 20:19:57 EST >To: [email protected] >Subject: Gunkel >Looking for information on John & MarySebelia Roth Gunkle, parents of Henry >George Gunkle (Gunkel) John being born in Hesse Germany in 1847 > ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Glassmakers part 9 Glassworks at Wulfingerthal The region of Wangenbourg apparently had at least one glassworks before the Thirty Years War. The parish registers of Marmoutier states that between 1627 and 1630 there were three births in the family Sebastien Schmidt "Vitriator" (Latin word for glassmaker) and Gertrude Grinerin (Greiner). The witness was Jean Frolich, Jr. (Froelich). We will find this name again in Lucelle in 1656. The First Glassworks at Wulfingerthal On April 3, 1666 the Count advised his bailiff that the glassworker Vincent Fischer had been accused of engaging foreign workers. It is definitely the period in which the glassmakers of the region of Bitche were moving into this region. The glassworks that the Count mentions in his writings have not been located, but it must have been in the region of Wangenbourg. The parish records of Marmoutier indicate three births between 1665 and 1670 to Vincent Fischer and Anne Greiner at "Wangenbourg und Glasshutt." These parish registers reveal the presence of other glassworkers from 1658. The names Schwoerer (Schwerer) and Andres appear - well known as glassmasters. In 1664 among the four glassmasters there were Georges Schwerer, Michel Andres, and Georges Spengler. After 1670 one finds other lines - Moser, Stenger, Shira (Gerard). In 1677 Elisabeth Schwerer, wife of Jean Georges Stenger gave birth to Jean whose godparents were Martin Scherard (Gerard) and Anne Andres. Names which we will find at Eigenthal, Troisfontaines, Harreberg, Kourtzerode-Waltembourg, Dannelbourg and others. It looks like the first founders of this glassworks were Georges Schwerer and Michel Andres who were later joined by Spengler, Fischer, Moser, Stenger and Gerard. Around 1678, the last four names of those previously mentioned disappear from the parish registers of Wangenbourg. We will find them in the parish registers of Walscheid listing Eigenthal as their place of occupation. Georges Spengler married Maria Hug from a glass family from Wildenstein in the valley of Saint Amarin. Christian Strel (Strol), husband of Eve Andres was at Wulfingerthal from about 1664: he went to Eigenthal where he was designated "carver of forests." Antoine Pechon (Bechon) (Poisson; Fischer?) whose wife Veronique Andres was the daughter of a glassmaker, was certainly a manual laborer and we will see his son, Jean Nicolas, a glassmaker at Kourtzerode. The Second Glassworks at Wulfingerthal (page 52) In 1680 the Count Casimir of Linange gave to the master glassmaker, Georges Schwerer and to his son (name not given but who could be Balthasar born in 1661 to Georges Schwerer and Marie Moser) authorization to reconstruct the glassworks at Wulfingerthal. The other subjects of the Count were not to impede the construction. The forester Jean Jacob of Dabo was charged with the control of the glassfactory (this must be Jean Jacob Muller). = The Glassworkers and Their Constructions (page 53) The first glassworkers were probably Georges Schwerer, Michel Andres, Georges Spengler, Jean Andres, Balthasar Schwerer, Melchior Spengler, Jacob Schwerer. They were joined by Nicolas Spengler, Adam Greiner, Jean Wolfgang Schwerer (the future provost of the glassworks of Kourtzerode-Waltembourg) and future father-in-law of the glassworkers Burgun and Stenger, who will develop three factories at Plaine de Walsch. Michel Andres came from the glassworks of Grunwald in the Black Forest. The parish register of Leutzkirch records his marriage to Appoline Griger on August 7, 1646. To supplement their income the glassmakers took on other tasks such as the manufacture of poles for the vineyards. A document of 1693 indicates that Hans Wolff Schwerer and Adam Greiner were fined for making and selling poles of the wrong length. The glassworks disappeared around 1700 because the majority of the workers went to Kourtzerode where Waltembourg was being established. A document of 1716 listing the possessions of the glassworkers mentions the widow of Balthasar Schwerer (Elisabeth Spengler), Pierre Spengler (a descendent of the glassmaker), Jean Braun and Jean Wolff Schwager. This glassfactory was the cradle of glassworkers which in the 20th century still provides the region with a flourishing industry. [from Janet Nichols] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== If you have any problems with this list please contact Janet Reinhold, [email protected] To unsubscribe from single message mode, send a message to [email protected], with the word "unsubscribe" in the message and nothing else. To unsubscribe from digest mode, send a message to [email protected], with the same message.

Glassmakers part 8. Different Types of Glassworks Over the years we can distinguish three kinds of glassworks. 1. Two or three glassmakers build an ambulatory (or flying) glasswork following the German example in the middle of the forest, near a source of water, preferably at the end of a valley flanked by mountains. When the forests are depleted they proceeded to look for a new place, possibly in a neighboring valley. 2. One or two glassmakers obtain a written contract from the lord or from the Abbey in the region. They are assigned an area to work with other glassmakers at an oven where the numbers of workers are a set amount. The forest areas exploited is very important and the time period and the extent of the glassworks permit the creation of villages, such as, Eigenthal, Waltembourg, Troisfontaines, Guntzviller, Plaine de Walshe, Grand-Soldat, Dannelbourg, Harreburg, Lettenbach, and Vallerysthal. Often, the contract stated the obligation to building homes as well as cottages with one road being the norm. 3. A silent partner or financier obtains authorization to create a glassworks with 6, 8 or 10 crucibles (ovens) and he engages the necessary glassmakers to run the enterprise. This was the case of Guntzviller and Grand-Soldat. He can also sell stock to the glassworkers and this was the case at Plaine de Walshe. Agreements among glassworkers (page 35) We do not have any written agreements from this region. Yet, the working methods of the last glassworks in Harreberg implies a written tradition. The oldest document from 1406 in Spessart, the region of Aschaffenburg-Frankfort shows a promise to about 40 glassworkers to work only glass from Easter until the day of Saint Martin and Monday to be a day off. The names of the signers of this accord included: six Stengers, whose name is found at Bitche and the County of Dabo; eight Wentzels, a name from Sarre and Grand Soldat; Kunckel, who in the eighteenth century produced an author who wrote about the art of glassmaking and Sitz, a name spread throughout the country. A similar corporate act appears in 1537 in Hesse with the same names to which are added Gundelach, the name of glassworkers known in Gruneplan, near Hannover. Relations of Locals With the Glassworkers (page 37) It is obvious that given the nature of the secrecy and delicacy of the craft of the glassworkers, so different from regular crafts or occupations that a certain antagonism would exist. A canonical visit in 1714 reports that the workers of the glassworks of Courzerode (Waltembourg) went to the church of Bourscheid, but it states that Niderviller, which supplied the schoolmaster, received these same families. From 1698 their vital records are found in the parish registers of Bourscheid. In this report it is noted that the priest who was the tithe- holder had received 14 ecus (coins) from the glassmakers. There was a complaint that the public houses of Troisfontaines and Eigenthal were frequently visited by the glassworkers. The glassmasters (15 of them) and glassworkers who occupied the area during a certain time of the year, "all German speaking", were denied participation in the quotas for the schoolmaster and the church. The glassmakers of Troisfontaines who came from Eigenthal, who were used to Walscheid, continued to visit their original parish until the reappearance of Biberkirch, which had disappeared around the 15th century. The coming of the glassmakers and also the Picards, who attended Mass at Voyer, permitted the reestablishment of the church in 1719. In spite of that, many families of Troisfontaines preferred going to Voyer, an annex of Walschied at that time. Marriages were exclusively among the sons and daughters of the glassmakers of the area. When some of them chose other crafts such as agriculture, they entered a different milieu. Widows and widowers remarried within a year because of economic necessity. At the end of the seventeenth century, beginning of the eighteenth, because of the Thirty Year War, the villages have lost many inhabitants. In 1714 the number of families in each village was as follows: (page 38 list of towns) With the establishment of the list of grievances of 1789 (Estates General), a public outcry led to the closure or downsizing of some of the glass factories. Among these were Niderviller, Saint Quirin, Vasperviller, Harreberg, Plaine de Walsch, Sodatenthal. It was the Third Estate in the areas of Sarrebourg, Phalsbourg, Lixheim which wanted the reduction of the factories "devourers of forests." The most insistent villages were Arzviller, Biberkirch, Fleisheim, Gosselming, Guntzviller, Hartsviller, Hermelange. Schneckenbusch conceded that its factories improved the lifestyle but wanted them destroyed. This covered four glass factories with seven or eight furnaces. Lettenbach wanted to dispose of four furnaces. The town of Nitting prepared a complete inventory citing four glassworks, two potteries (possibly at Niderviller, Cirey, Domevre, Halmoze), two furnaces at Abreschviller and Cirey, three salt works at Dieuze, Moyenvic, Chateau-Salines. (Page 39) REMAINS AND GLASSWORKS SITES IN THE FORESTS OF DABO AND SAINT QUIRIN We've already discussed the villages and hamlets created by the glassworkers in the forest regions, to which they were assigned the products of their farm yards (cottage garden), the freedom to harvest the forest acorns for their livestock. The clearing of forests near the factories permitted the cultivation of grains and fruits. Cattle was raised in nearby pasture land providing milk and dairy products. This double activity of glassmaker and farmer lasted until the middle of the twentieth century. Even at that time, the glassworks divided their vacations for the planting season in June and the harvest season in October. Villages grew rapidly because of the many children in each family. In the 18th century, six to eight children was normal. In 1862 when the glassworks of Harreberg were divided among the descendants of the ten original owners there were 130 beneficiaries. A great number of the people have to choose other occupations in order to subsist. Everything from shoemakers, carpenters, bakers. The women helped by doing embroidery and spinning. Roadside crosses and fallen gravestones are all that remain to remind us of these people. The most beautiful of these crosses was erected in 1717 by Pierre Stenger and Ursule Walter in Eigenthal. A rustic figure of Christ reminds us of Joseph Schwerer in 1728 at Dannelbourg. In Hommert, another Christ figure honors Ursula Shirra (daughter of the glassmaker Jean Martin Gerard and wife of Jean Steiner, the mayor). The name Shirra for those named Gerard was still current thirty years ago. In Troisfontaines the pedestal of a cross erected in 1743 by Samuel Moser (one of the two founders of the Harreberg glassworks) and his wife Anne Marie Walter (widow of Jean Stenger) still exists. At Eigenthal, Antoine Stenger, son of the glassmaker and farmer erected a cross close to his home. The tombstone of Martin Gerard, provost of Troisfontaines who died in 1741 was restored and reused on a wall in the church of Biberkirch. Its uniqueness lies in its presentation of the symbols of the craft. A footed glass chalice, a pair of scissors and the pincers of the glassmaker. Inventory of the Glass Factories (page 41) Archeological Sites..... GLASSFACTORIES NO LONGER IN EXISTENCE Glass Factory of Haffingenthal According to a tax record of 1551, two glassworks existed in the area of Haffingenthal in 1540. By 1551 only one continued to function. To this day, the site has not been identified but one supposes that this was in the region of Abreschviller. In this same document of 1551 there is a mention of Peter Glaser of Saint Quirin who was indebted or responsible for yearly payment for workers in the County of Dabo. Glaser could have been his family name or his craft. Glassworkers with that name existed in the 16th century in Volksberg. Glassworks of Donnersthal - Thomasthal This glassworks is particularly well known because of a legal document from October 7, 1627. (The name of Donnersthal changes and sometimes there is a phonetic Thomasthal). The act states that Jean Philippe, Count of Linange and Dabo, recognizes having given permission in 1621 for the installation of the glassworks in Donnersthal, but that it had not been maintained in proper condition having destroyed the forests, running it into debt to such a point that on this day the Count is assigning Jean Jager, his wife Catherine and their heirs to be in charge of this place. The last clause states that if the glassworks should be destroyed or abandoned, the Count reserves the right to repossess the property. The site of this property is unknown. [to be cont'd] [from Janet Nichols] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== If you have any problems with this list please contact Janet Reinhold, [email protected]

In the 1750's, Denis Diderot published his "L'Encyclopedie', and the pictures from this work have been reprinted by Dover Press in two volumes, ISBN-0-486-27428-4 and ISBN 0-486-27429-2. They contain 485 plates of Trades and Industry of the era. Volume II begins with glass making, and has dozens of wonderful illustrations of the trade. ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. See our web site at http://www.flash.net/~conkle/INDEX.HTM

Just a short note to let others know that the town of Munzthal is today Saint Louis les Bitche. The glass factory is still in existence and today creates 2,000 items each day. Descendants of the same families that founded this factory are still working in this trade and living in the surrounding villages. Janet Nichols ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. See our web site at http://www.flash.net/~conkle/INDEX.HTM

Glassmakers Part 7. Glassworks and Glassworkers in the County of Saarebourg Historical Chronicle Preface A posthumous work. The author died in 1988 - Mr. Stenger was a glassworker. One can feel the man and his art in his writings. Comte of Dabo (County of Dabo) From the high middle ages, the county of Dabo was a political and geographical entity whose mountains were covered by forests - its numerous Gallo-Roman remains prove that it was inhabited from the early Christian era. The chateau of Hommert situated on a rocky promitory where you can see the remains of its structure probably dated from the 13th or 14th century. The chateau of Dabo which literally means "eagles nest" was constructed at the end of the 12th century according to "Beaulieu" or in the 13th according to "Dagobert Fischer". And finally, the chateau of Durrenstein below Walsheid (the old town of Dabo) was in the middle of a circle with a 10 kilometer diameter which encompassed almost all the glassworks. In 1613 the county was composed of the following villages, Dabo, Walsheid, Abreschviller, Voyer, and Engenthal. In the 10th century the county of Dabo passed to Louis, Count of Moha by marriage. He leaves as a descendent, Helwig. Hugues IV, d'Eguisheim in marrying Helwig, created the family line Eguisheim, which lasted 10 centuries. From this marriage was born, Brunon, 21 June 1002, the future Pope Leon IX who reigned from 1049 to 1054, after serving as bishop of Toul. The greater part of the county seems to have been kept as a fiefdom of the Abbey of Andlau, founded by Ste. Richard, wife of Charles (the Gross), who in 879 gave Walsheid and all its land to the monastery. Albert III, last Count of Dabo - d'Eguisheim, died in 1211 leaving two sons who killed each other in a tournament at Andenne, near Liege and a daughter, Gertrude. Inheriting from the Count she married Thiebaud of Lorraine and became the Duchess of Lorraine. After he died in 1220, she married Thiebaud, Count of Champagne. This marriage was annulled by the Pope because of consanguinity. From her third marriage with Simon of Linange, the county fell to the family of Linange Dabo from the time of her death in 1225 until the Revolution. Altogether, the property of Gertrude encompassed the bishoprics of Metz, Strasbourg, and the Abbey of Andlau. The Linange kept only the church in Strasbourg and abandoned all of their possessions in Dabo, Lorraine and Alsace. Political events led to a break-up of the county in 1613 dividing it between Falkenbourg and Hartenbourg, a division that lasted until 1774. The Thirty-Year-War (1618-1648), affected the county as well Lorraine. In 1679 the castle, after it was captured by Monclar, was destroyed by the order of Louvois. The treaty of Ryswick in 1697 restored the rights of the Linange, who recognized the sovereignty of Louis XIV. From the time of the destruction of the castle, the counts turned over the administration to bailiffs (or sheriffs) established in Saverne, Hohengoeft and Strasbourg. They never returned to the county. Before the Thirty Year War, there were already windmills and glassworks in the county, but it wasn't until 1660 that an effort was made to repopulate by inviting colonists from Switzerland and the Tyrol. This industrialization created a prosperous region. = Industrialization of the Region The forests of Dabo and St. Quirin, like those of Bitche and Darnay and Argonne were good areas for business that could use the forests for fuel. The forges of Abreschviller were under the control of the Princes of Linange, authorized to make steel and to facilitate the construction of factories that would utilize the products of the forests. The glassworkers preferred the beech forests because the heating power was better. But later a ban was set in order to preserve the forests. We cite the existence of paper mills, forges and tile making factories to show the development of the region as an industrial force. The Establishments of the Glassworks We do not have documents permitting us to go back to the beginning of the glassworks in the middle ages, as is the case for the glassworks in Voge de Darnay. A document from the archives in Nancy from 1460 tells of mirrors purchased at St. Nicolas of Port as well as St. Curien, near Blamont to be used in the chateau of Joinville. The line of mirror manufacturers in the region of Blamont, St. Quirin goes back to the 16th century. As early as 1525 a historian notes that mirrors manufactured at St. Quirin were delivered throughout the Christian world. In 1551 in a revenue statement of the county of Dabo, we learn of two glassworks near Hafflingenthal (a place that has not been identified). This town has disappeared from the map. Numerous documents from the Archives of Nancy describe mirror production from St. Quirin from the end of the 16th century. All the sites of ovens found in the forests date from the 16th or 17th century. The absence of documents leaves open to speculation the exact beginnings. The first glassworks, composed of several glassmakers and their families, were set up in the middle of the beech forests. The first glassworks were small and were called Stutzenhutten (simple huts in the forests). Four tree trunks stuck in the ground made up the four corners and the four sides or partitions were made of logs as well as the roof. It was all very rustic because these were poor people. Small log rooms were added onto the hut which protected the oven. Once the wood in the area was used up everything was transplanted to another location, which is why they were called ambulatory or flying glassworks. Some of the sites that have been explored indicate they were of simple construction. In 1621 the Count of Dabo authorized glassmakers to set up a glasswork in Donnersthal and named at the head of the enterprise in 1627 his major supervisor, Jean Jager. On May 16, 1628 Jean Stenger received from the Count, Georges Jean II de Veldenz of Petite Pierre and of the chapter of Neuviller (chapter house of the cathedral) permission to build a new glassworks at Oberhammerweyer, in the forests of Breitschloss. The glass manufactured had a potash base which led to it being called "Bohemian" glass or "Fern" glass. = The basic techniques of glassworking in today's facilities continues to resemble the methods used by the ancient glassworkers. Little by little, automation is beginning to take over leading to the disappearance of glassblowing by hand. The trade of glassmaking was essentially an itinerant one requiring specific skills from the construction of the oven to the composition of the chemical mix. Success led to clear, fine glass which the glassblower transformed into goblets, pharmaceutical glass or window glass. In glassblowing, the master sits on a bench with the blowpipe resting on rails. One end of the blowpipe has a ball of molten glass and he blows into the other end. Sometimes they alternated - standing or sitting. When he worked standing, it required two people. A "place" was composed of a "gather, blower, 1st and 2nd glassmaster". Their two aides and a "gamin" who helped to close the mold. Imperfections in the glass were caused by air bubbles, sand pebbles that did not melt in the fusion, striations due to insufficient mixing, and also ashes from the furnace. [from [email protected]] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. 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Glassmakers Part 6 I received some more information concerning the glassworks through an article called "Bulletin de la Societe Niederbronnonise d'Histoire et d'Archeologie: Le Village de Mattstall", from F.R. Traubmann. The founder was named Ulrich Greiner according to a letter from 1556 which says, I, Ulrich Greiner certify that Mr. Heinrich from Fleckenstein, Count and master to me and my descendants built at the glassworks and allowed us to work the Buchwald of Mattstall. In the chronik from Georges Walter the first baptism of a child happened in Soucht during the siege of the Swedish War in the year 1644. The name of the child is not known. Robert Greiner of Augsburg wrote to me in 1958 that Christoph Greiner used to be the master of the glassworks in Mattstall. He was the son of Balthasar Greiner, glaser at Neuenlautern (Wurttenberg). Neuenlautern was founded in 1505 or 1507 by Melchior and Peter Greiner. Therefore, both Greiners from Mattstall and Holbach came from Neuenlautern Glaslautern. I visited the glassworks at Mattstall two years ago. Comte Pourtales and his wife who is English, now are the owners. Above the entrance of the house I found a stone plate with the following inscriptions: God Bless my entrance and exit from now to eternity. On the left side it says: I, Johann Peter Greiner, glassworks master lived here in 1663. Page 43 On the right side Sibilla Catharina Greiner from Speier the year of 1663. Robert Greiner also mentioned other names. Johann Jacob Greiner, glassworks master married the daughter of Ebert Heinrich, glaser at Mattstall on August 14, 1659. They both returned to Mattstall. Johann Jacob Greiner was the son of Christoph Greiner, glassworks master at Mattstall. Another son, Caspar Greiner also a glaser married a girl from Landau. So much concerning the glassworks Mattstall which you can attribute to the land of the Bitscheland. The glassworks in Mattstall was operating approximately 100 years longer than the glassworks in Soucht. It was closed in 1788. The Glassworks Soucht After forty years of the already existing glassworks they had to travel farther to get wood. According to a report from Georges Walter the Munzthal Huttmaster working on the Count von Bitsche, asked the Count for permission to build a new hut. The Count supposedly told him "geht und soucht" - meaning "go out and search". This is how Chambre George tells it in his chronik. According to our elders and what I have read in our oldest Soucht church book, the name Soucht came about the following way: The glaser under the Bitscher reign had the following wish - to build a new hut on a different place and when they were asked where they want to have it, they're answer was "we don't know yet". The Count then replied "geht und soucht". They went to search for a new place and gave it the name Soucht. Before the valley was called Kammerthal. This name came from a piece of rock about Soucht. The first Huttmasters in the Soucht church book and in many other documents are Stenger, Zauter (Walter?), Kreiner (Greiner). Marcus writes in his book, "Les Verreries du Comte de Bitche", that the glassworks in Soucht was built in 1629. The founder had the first name Leonhardt (full name was Leonhardt Greiner), former huttmaster in Munzthal. There were also other glasers like Martin, Johann, Paul, Adam and Stenger - for example the already mentioned Andre Stenger and Bastien Fleckenstein and others. Page 44 It was not always possible to live in peace for the glasers during that time period due to wars and rival Counts. The already mentioned huts in Hutzenthal, Glasthal, Speckbronn and Eidenheim were victims of such wars. The new glassworks in Soucht weren't meant to be any luckier. Four years after the founding the Swedish entered the country. The Lothringer lost the battle on August 13, 1633 - the battlefield was in Pfaffenhoffen. As soon as the Soucht glassmakers were comfortable in their new Kammerthal home, they were surprised by this new war. The historian called Parisot writes, "Our land sees a lot of sorrows through the war. People are ruined, villages are burned down, and the surviving people have to face the hardest times of their lives. They kill their pets, their harvest and industry is ruined. A priest of that time writes... no tongue can speak, no feather can write, no ear can hear what we have seen. Everywhere there is hunger and death. The dead are without funerals. The few that are still alive live from acorns, roots, straw, lizards, dead animals and human flesh. Pestilence plagued the country during that time too. No one is safe from the hunger. All these are dramatic reports and if you read the book from J. Florange entitled "La guerre de Trente Ans en Lorraine", 1935, it will give you the chills. The Lothringer people did not only have to suffer through the Swedish War but also from the French troops. What happened during those horrible years from 1633 to 1638 in Kammerthal is not known. We suppose that they moved into the woods and stayed safe while the other villages of the Bitscheland were destroyed. Only God knows how many tears, how much fear and sorrow the people of the villages had to endure. (from Janet GA) ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Glassmakers Part 5 The Glassworks Eidenheim At the Paulus Mill Marcus shows a sketch from the atlas of Bitsche on page 52 from 1755. On this map you will find on number 14 which shows the former location of the glassworks. The Glassworks Eidenheim in Andernheim. It was supposedly already destroyed in the fifteen century. There was also a church and a village at the location, not only a glassworks. At the location were the former Glassworks Eidenheim stood a piece of a goblet was found in 1883. Page 40 which was pictured by Marcus on page 54 and page 55. Marcus writes about it on page 55. Two paragraphs in French It is my opinion that this goblet was manufactured at an earlier time than the pieces that I found at Speckbronnen last year. It seems to be a somewhat more primitive making. The Glassworks Munzthal 1585 On page 26 and 27 is a report from T.H. Alix (1594), he writes that from the Glassworks Holbach were moved in 1585 to Munzthal. Marcus writes that he's uncertain whether the Swabia colony settled there or if it was a different. But, Henry Heigel writes in his article the German Ballai (1600-1633) that Martin Greiner and Simon Stenger moved the glassworks from Holbach to Munzthal in 1585. In 1601 the glassmaster, Martin Greiner paid 80 floren for his glassworks and his eight partners (Siegwalt Steffel, Hensel Schurer, Ulrich Scheidhauer, Hans Schirer von Petersbach, Hans Greiner, Paulus Glaser, Andres Spessart and Henre Wincker). There were ten glassmakers in Munzthal in 1603. In 1607 two of the glassmakers had to pay 12 franconia because they had a fight. In 1609 there were 14 glassmakers - Martin Greiner, Jean Houber (Huber, Houver, Hoover) , Adam and Gaspar Greiner, Nicolas Krebs, George Hoff and Sebastian Ehrlich. The widow of Martin Greiner was allowed to open up one of the huts in a different location. The first glassworks works from 1585 destroyed the wooded area. She was allowed to stay five to six years before she had to move. It was reported in 1613 that the glassworks from Martin Greiner was located at the end Munzthal. His son, Jean Greiner took it over in 1614. In 1625 both masters of the glassworks, Nicolas and Leonard Greiner, employed ten workers including Martin Siegwart, Adam Greiner, Andres Stenger, Page 41 Bastien Fleckenstein, Cuntz Betz, George De La Cour, Samuel Legros. The widow Greiner planned to give up the lease for the hut because of the lack of wood. There were still eleven workers employed in the 1629 including Koch, Steffel, Contz, Andres Stenger, ----- Sigwart, Adam Greiner, Jean Schwan. In 1632 Simon Meyer and Zintz Brenner leased the hut for 250 francs (according to Henry Heigel and his article "Glassworks in the County of Bitsche", in the Saarbrucker Magazine, 6, page 42. There are no records of the fight near Pfaffenhoffen in the summer of 1633 where the Swedish came through Bitsche and had Bitsche under seige. According to Georges Walter, Peter Walter was all our father which is also known by me through the stories of our elders. Peter Walter worked with glass during the time of the Thirty Year War, which started in 1618 and ended in 1648. = Therefore, he worked in Munzthal in around 1644. In 1661 the glassworks in Munzthal were announced closed and in a report of the domain of Bitsche it reads: Sentence in French: It is believed, therefore, it was closed because of the war and plunders of the Thirty Year War. Peter Walter and his wife and the last child, Adam Walter were on the way back to Soucht where they started working at the glassworks in Soucht. In 1663 Sir Romecourt leased the land around Munzthal to the brothers Pierre and Mathieu Unteriener. They recorded a large area of land, one lake, and one durrenwald. In 1585 the glassmaker Schwerer and several helpers joined the first glassworks in Munzthal. They were searching for a new location to start a new hut. This one was named Soucht. According to documents the name Soucht came about because of the Count from Bitsche said to the glassmakers, "geht und Soucht". Before I go deeper into the development of the glassworks Soucht, I want to mention another glassworks in the closer area. Page 42 The Glassworks Mattstall Marcus writes that the glassworks belonged to the County Fleckenstein. It was located close to the village Mattschall and the village remains today "Glashutte" (Verrerie). In the year 1585 the glassworks master, Greiner, received the hereditary leasehold. They manufactured regular window glass, drinking glasses, and before the Revolution in 1793 it belonged to Jacob Seiler from Petites Pierre Lutzelstein and Joseph Burgun from Meisenthal. It was closed down in 1788 and both moved to St. Louis in Munzthal where Jacob Seiler became director. I will talk about this name later concerning the crystal company in St. Louis. (from Janet GA) ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== See our web site at http://www.flash.net/~conkle/INDEX.HTM for all queries printed in the newsletter since January 1995. Be sure to make the last part all capital letters as shown.

For those interested, a Glaschleifer is a glasscutter or glassgrinder,p. 270. Cassell's German Dictionary. Dick Heller in sunny Mission, TX on the Rio Grande [email protected] ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== Support Rootsweb! Go to http://www.rootsweb.com to join up!

Sorry to bother you about the List Administration things, but you should know the status of the following for the KUNKEL Lists: 1. Reply to sender. This has always been how KUNKEL was set up and I haven't changed anything with this. PLEASE help the List along by replying to the list or by copying us on anything at all research related to KUNKEL etc names! Yes it would be easier by "reply to list" but right now we have it set up for reply to sender. When you reply to the sender, "Remember the List." [Sorta sounds like Remember the Alamo...!] 2. Closed List. I will soon make this a closed list. One list I subscribe to is an Editors List and it was spammed just awful. Especially because of #3 below, I will set it up so that the list is "closed" and only subscribers can post. If you ever post from work or another location, just let me know about it and we can set you up with more than one email address without you getting more mail than you want. 3. Archived. Yes the KUNKEL list will be archived and available on Rootsweb for folks to gawk at, and very hopefully, to USE for genealogy. Especially because of this feature, please be aware when you are sending a message or reply, to use a good Subject Heading on it, so that it may be "threaded" properly. Try not to use "Re: Digest No.9999" etc but rather, change it to the subject at hand, e.g., "Kunkels in PA 1750" or "Henry Kunkel" or something similar. Replies would then be "Re: Kunkels in PA 1750" or "Re: Henry Kunkel" etc. Thanks for being tolerant, and no, I'm sorry, the newsletter is not ready yet!! Janet >>>> <excerpt>1. Reply To List. I think it might be a good idea to set this list to "reply to list". Right now, it is set up to reply to the sender. 2. Closed List. Right now, this list is an "open" list. That is to say, anyone can post to it (like I've just done from my other email accounts, which aren't 'subscribed'). Although we haven't been 'hit' yet, it IS a possibility that we might be 'hit' by "spams". One option which I have as listowner is to make it a closed list, which means only those folks who BELONG to the subscriber list may post, or those which are designated "okay" to post can be allowed to post even though they aren't subscribed. 3. Archived Messages. I have okayed this list to be archived, which means that you will be able to retrieve old messages from the Rootsweb website. </excerpt><<<<<<<< ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

>From: [email protected] (Rudnick) > >Hello Janet, >my mother's line (Loehnert / Lehnert) were glassblowers, glassbowler and >Glasschleifer (dont't find a translation for this in my dictionary) in >the Northern Bohemia (Kreis Tetschen: Steinschoenau and Ullrichsthal) >since Stephan Loehnert (born 1809). Stephan's son Joseph (born 1833) >went to Kettwitz (Saxonia) and married 1857 Bertha KUNKEL (born 1830 in >Glashuette bei Baruth / Saxonia). Bertha's father Johann August KUNKEL >(born 1802 in Glashuette bei Baruth) was a glassmaker too. My >grandfather (who was KIA in WWI) was the last one in this tradition of >glass related occupations. > >> I am going to attach two files that give you a >> little history of them. >I'm interested in these files too. Thanks! > >-- >Nick Rudnick >Welzheim, Germany ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== Support Rootsweb! Go to http://www.rootsweb.com to join up!

Glassmakers Part 4 The following biography about Chambre George, with notes about his ancestors and descendants, is a special honor to his home area.. The house he built in 1787 has unfortunately been destroyed during the war, but there is an old photograph which is included in this document. The Ancestors of Georges Walter He partly included this in his chronik but also made mistakes as I found during my research. The first known ancestors were Peter Walter as named in his chronik. He was a glassmaster in the 40's of the 17th century (1640). He was married to Anna Stenger and lived in Soucht. All Walters of this area are decendants of this couple. Which means from their only surviving son, Adam Walter. This Adam Walter was the glassmaster at the glassworks at Soucht. He was born in 1646, married in 1667 to Marie Barbe Botzt (Betz) and he died in 1688. The closing of the glassworks Soucht around 1700 forced the widow Marie Barbe Betz to move to Meisenthal with her sons. The names of these four sons were: -32- 1. Hans Nickel Walter, glassmaster, married to Barbara Braun. 2 Hans Martin Walter, glassmaster, married to Anna Stenger, daughter of Johann Stenger and Ursula Betz from Trois Fountaines. 3. Stephan Walter (Etienne), glassmaker, married to Margarete Schwerer, daughter of Johann Wolf Schwerer, foreman of the glassworks in Courtzerode at Phalsburg and Christine Andres. For the foundation of the glassworks Meisenthal (1702 - 1704) the following people came. 4. Hans Martin Stenger, glassmaster, married to Anne Marie Feistbauer. 5. Sebastian Burgun, glassmaster, married to Anne Marie Stenger. George Walter's father was Hans Martin Walter and his mother Anna Stenger. His grandparents were: Jacob Walter, glassmaster born 1714 in Meisenthal, died January 15, 1762. Marie Burgun, daughter of Martin Burgun and Anne Odile Feisthauer. This Martin Burgun was a son of the already mentioned Sebastian Burgun. Georges Walter the second oldest son of the already named Jacob Walter and Marie Burgun. He was born on December 19th, 1741 in Meisenthal and had eight brothers and sisters. He married on February 11, 1772, Ursula Walter, daughter of Bernhart Walter and Odile Philippi. This Ursula Walter died on September 21, 1788 at the age of 36. George Walter and Ursula Walter had six children. 1. Martin Walter born on May 5, 1775 in Meisenthal, he died June 7th,1775. 2. Ursula Walter born July 24th, 1776 in Meisenthal, she died on January 4, 1778. 3. Adam Legere Walter, born September 2, 1777 in Meisenthal, he married Marie Catherine Walter on May 9th, 1801, she was the daughter of Caspar Walter and Marie Madeleine Burgun, 19 years old from Meisenthal. 4. Nicolas Walter, born April 14th, 1780 in Meisenthal, he married Angelica Walter on January 18, 1803, she was also a daughter of Caspar Walter and Marie Madeleine Burgun. -33- 5. Marie Madeleine Walter, born November 30, 1781 in Goetzenbruck, she married Nicolas Pauly on May 27th, 1806. He was from Puttelange (Moselle). She died December 16, 1813 at the age of 32. She had four children from which two died shortly after birth. Her husband remarried Barbe (Bibbi) Greff and died at the age of 44. 6. Marie Anne Walter, born January 4, 1784 in Goetzenbruck,she died June 20th, 1784. Four years after the birth and death of her daughter Marie Anne Walter, Ursula Walter, wife of Georges Walter died on September 21, 1788. The oldest living child Adam Legere was 11 years old, Nicolas was 8 years and Madaleine was 7. As stated in the birth documents Georges Walter returned to Goetzenbruck from Meisenthal in 1781. He built a house which was built next to the big house called "Backer Antoine's" and later Lausecker's house. The last house was built in 1787 as I was able to prove in 1965 on hand a scripture over the mews (barn). G. W. - 1787 - U.W. There was a fire in 1929 and the war destroyed the house almost completely in 1945. The house was completely torn down in May, 1965. The stone with the carving completely disappeared in the rubble. The wife of Georges Walter, Ursula, unfortunately did not live very long in the new house - a few months the most. She died September 21, 1788 and left three children of the ages 7, 8 and 11 behind. But there had to be a new wife for the big house and a mother for the children. Georges Walter remarried fifteen months later and again to a close relative - Barbe Heisler, daughter of Christian Heisler and Marguerite Walter. The latter was a daughter of Caspar Walter, the long (tall) one, who was the son of Stephan Walter and Margarete Schwerer. The wedding was February 9, 1790. Georges Walter was 49 years old and his second wife, Barbe was 24. Page 39 The Glassworks Speckbronn at Soucht Georges Walter had mentioned this glassworks in his document but otherwise there is no other information on hand. Peter Walter and his nephew Adam Walter from Goetzenbruck built a sawmill in 1767 at this same location. In 1776 it was changed to a mill. There are no more traces left of it. In the summer of 1968 I was able to find the same location and I even found some glass pieces. The pieces were from windows and drinking glasses and from the size of the bottom of the drinking glasses I was able to determine the size of the glasses. This was a very interesting find for me. (from Janet GA) ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. If you'd like to unsubscribe from this list, send an email message to: [email protected], with the word "unsubscribe" in the message body and nothing else.

>From: [email protected] (Rudnick) > >Hello Janet, >my mother's line (Loehnert / Lehnert) were glassblowers, glassbowler and >Glasschleifer (dont't find a translation for this in my dictionary) in >the Northern Bohemia (Kreis Tetschen: Steinschoenau and Ullrichsthal) >since Stephan Loehnert (born 1809). Stephan's son Joseph (born 1833) >went to Kettwitz (Saxonia) and married 1857 Bertha KUNKEL (born 1830 in >Glashuette bei Baruth / Saxonia). Bertha's father Johann August KUNKEL >(born 1802 in Glashuette bei Baruth) was a glassmaker too. My >grandfather (who was KIA in WWI) was the last one in this tradition of >glass related occupations. > >> I am going to attach two files that give you a >> little history of them. >I'm interested in these files too. Thanks! > >-- >Nick Rudnick >Welzheim, Germany ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Hello folks, by accident I found this today: Andreas Kunkel, living in Urbach (in Wuerrtemberg), told that Walkersbach (glassworks in Wuerttemberg) is the sixth glassworks where he was asking for work. He intended now to go to Stuttgart (capital of Wuerttemberg) to look for a (sort of) pension. Ein in Urbach bei Walkersbach wohnender Andreas Kunkel sagte, Walkersbach sei schon die sechste Glashütte, die er anspreche. Jetzt wolle er nach Stuttgart, wo er als alter Mann auf ein Leibgeding hoffe. This happened in the mid(?) 1700 th. There aren't any more informations about him or other Kunkels in this book. Source: Die Glashuetten in Wuerttemberg (The Glassworks in Wuerttemberg, South Germany) by Karl Greiner, 1971 -- Nick Rudnick Welzheim, Germany Pommern / Pommerania DORDEL HORN RUDNI(C)K WOLF Schlesien / Silesia DUEHRING FUDER HARTIG HOMMEL KUNKEL LOEHNERT RUDNICK STARKE Boehmen / Bohemia HELZEL LAUFER LEHNERT PRASCHL RINGELHAN SCHINDLER WERBIK Wuerttemberg BAREIS BRENNENSTUHL ECKARDT EISENMANN FUNK GOETZ GRAU MACK Posen KOWALSKI Sachsen / Saxony LUKAS Baltikum FOERSTER ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== Support Rootsweb! Go to http://www.rootsweb.com to join up!

Would like to make contact with the families of: Elizabeth K. (Davis) Kunkel that lived in Harrisburg, PA and Elizabeth Kunkle that lived at RD 6, Box 77A, Greensburg, PA. Bob Troup ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option.

Should of read...Looking for parents of Jonathan Kunkel b.15 Sep 1805 d.30 Dec 1862. M.Catherine Wetzel b.20 Dec 1803 D.3 Feb 1874. Both buried in Union Cem Allentown Pa. ==== KUNKEL Mailing List ==== To send a message to everyone, send it directly to: [email protected], or reply to an individual message and note "send to all recipients" or whatever your system has for this option. See our web site at http://www.flash.net/~conkle/INDEX.HTM