Hello Wilda, Clarence and Lincoln County researchers..... Right after I sent that last email (and I apologize for writing "Hell" instead of "Hello" at the beginning of it... I need to watch my typing a bit better!) I realized that I didn't need a map to figure out township divisions for the 1870 census. We don't have the census on film here at the State Library but we do have the books that give the statistics (i.e. the numbers, not the names)... actually we have the original volumes! So I went upstairs and thumbed through the 1870 volumes. Part of the 1870 census included a section for each state listing geographical subdivisions of counties. As I looked through the Kansas chapter I saw that the eastern counties already had townships or directional areas (e.g. "northeast corner of county, southeast corner of county, etc.). The counties toward the west did not. Lincoln County had 516 people listed in the 1870 census. There are no geographical subdivisions... no townships, no areas... listed in the official U.S. Census volumes for Lincoln County. Thus the census taker(s) probably put "Lincoln" in the township to indicate the entire county as well.... a guess. later Bill Bill Sowers (ksdocs@ink.org) Kansas Documents Librarian/Tech Services Librarian State Library of Kansas 300 SW 10th, Room 343-N -- Topeka, KS 66612 (In the State Capitol Building in beautiful downtown Topeka) (phone: 785-296-0265) (in-state WATS 800-432-3919) CHECK OUT THE TOPEKA LIBRARIES ONLINE "ATLAS" CATALOG at: http://lib.wuacc.edu/