Kathy, There were two young boys: George KORNEGAY and George KOONCE who survived the massacre from the Indians. They were raised by Jacob MILLER, a schoolmaster and Justice of the Peace from New Bern, NC. In addition, I have seen the name variation: GNAGI with the umlaut over the N. Appreciated your post. Gayle W. Licari Tarheel@Heart Kathy J Chruscielski wrote: > The first Kornegays in America waded ashore in March of 1710, > naked and shivering. Less than two years later, all of them were > slaughtered by Indians with the exception of one small boy. They were > not debtors, indentured servants, or peasants, they were cultured, deeply > religious people, driven from their homes by religious persecution. > The Kornegays (originally spelled Knege, also Kornegee, Kenergy, > Kornage, Keregy, and Korneghka) were from the upper Palatine area of > southwest Germany which includes the wine regions of the Rhine and > Moselle valleys and the Black Forest. By 1709, this region had been > wrecked by wars fueled by religious differences. The armies of Louis XIV > were the latest to plunder the Palatines and his victories meant trouble > for Protestants like the Kornegays. > Queen Anne of England invited some of the Protestants to England > to be settled there. The Kornegays were among the 20,000 homeless > refugees. At this time, Baron Christopher de Graffenried of Switzerland > had acquired a large grant of land, 25000 acres between the Neuse and > Trent rivers in the Carolinas, for the purpose of starting a settlement. > He chose about 100 families from the Palatines on condition that he > provide them with land for homesteads (250 acres per family) on his > Carolina tract within three months after arrival. The Baron was to > follow with a ship load of Swiss mechanics and artisans which would > populate a town named after Bern, Switzerland surrounded by farmlands > tilled by the Palatines. > In January, 1710, about 600 Palatines set sail in mild weather > from England for Carolina. The John George Kornegay, his wife and > children were among the chosen. The Palatines had a bad crossing. They > were soon overtaken by such terrible storms that the voyage lasted > thirteen weeks. More than half of them died during the winter voyage > across the Atlantic and many more after landing from poor nutrition. > Their ships carried them off course to the mouth of the James River in > Virginia. > Here one of the two vessels was robbed by a boarding party from > one of Louis XIV's warships. Everything was taken including the ship's > rowboats and the clothes from the passengers. The people of Jamestown > were startled to see naked people wading ashore but they were kind to the > "poor Palatines" and provided them with food, clothing and shelter. > After a few weeks, they set out over land to find the Neuse > River, stopping first at a site that would later be called New Bern. > They took with them their Bibles, hymn books, catechisms, and long guns. > It was from the long guns, originated and made exclusively in the > Rhineland region and brought over by the Swiss and Palatine settlers, > that the famous Kentucky long rifles were evolved. > When they arrived, they found that their land had not been > cleared of its Indian title as de Graffenried had supposedly arranged, > and the Tuscarora were in no hurry to vacate. In September, de > Graffenried arrived finding the Palatines living in the greatest poverty, > selling their limited assets to neighboring people in order to live. A > late crop was planted. Yellow fever from the swamps ravaged the > colonists and took its toll in lives. > Surveyor General Lawson laid out plans for the town to be named > New Bern in the form of a cross with the center reserved for the building > of a church. After the foreclosure of Colonel Thomas Pollock's mortgage > on the settler's land, the town did not get built according to the > original plan. > At dawn on September 22, 1711, without warning, when their first > full crop was ready for harvesting, the Tuscarora swooped down on the > Palatines killing dozens of families. Sixty English and more than sixty > Germans and Swiss were killed. The Kornegay family, with the exception > of nine year old George, was wiped out. > The Tuscaroras, related to the Iroquois, lived in north Carolina, > where they maintained friendly relations with the colonists. According > to the natives, trouble began when the white settlers began to take > advantage of the Tuscaroras, encroaching on their farmland, cheating them > in trades, and in some cases kidnapping and selling their children into > slavery. > In retaliation, Tuscarora warriors, under Chief Hancock, raided > white villages in 1711. The Tuscarora War quickly escalated. In a final > standoff, Colonel James Moore led his men, aided by Yamasee Indians, into > the Tuscarora village of Neoheroka in 1713, killing and capturing one > thousand inhabitants. Many were then sold into slavery to finance the war > effort. > The surviving Tuscaroras migrated to New York, where in 1722 they > became the sixth nation in the Iroquois League. A drawing by Christopher > von Graffenreid, founder of the Kornegay's Swiss-German colony in North > Carolina, shows he and his slave being held captive by the Tuscaroras > during the conflict. > Women and children were captured as prisoners with booty. So > terrible was the decimation and suffering of the people that the date of > the massacre was set apart by the General Assembly as a day of > humiliation and prayer and was observed in North Carolina for more than > 25 years. > De Graffenreid returned to Europe in 1713. He was beset by many > difficulties and became bitter. He abused the colonists as having caused > their own disasters, being "thieves, lewd fellows, profane, slanderers" > and suggested that the Almighty punished them by means of the heathen, > for they were worse than these. He was upon leaving "more sorry to leave > such a beautiful and good country than such wicked people." The > Palatines retorted that he "carried off from our Settlements all that he > could come at." > De Graffenried failed to supply the colonists with the livestock, > tools, implements and other things required of him in the contract. But > their great and bitter grievance against him was that he never gave them > the titles to their lands, which he had mortgaged to Colonel Pollock. > > _____________________________________________________________________ > You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. > Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com > Or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]