Peter, Thank you so much for your detailed information. I'm sure others will find it as useful as I have. Besides grouping us together because we have similar DNA patterns, (including mutations), can't these markers tell us something more in-depth about each of our particular groups, subgroups and the mutations that make us distance-1,2,3, etc.? I know that each strand of DNA is for something, such as eye color, hair color, height, diseases, etc, so what do these markers tell, or do they even know that info? Since everyone in the project has such closely matched DNA, does that mean that everyone of us came from the same exact male ancestor, not one of our lines came from another man who decided to use the Kyncade as their last name? That the mutations just tell us that we are related, but different as to how many generations back? Am I trying to make it more difficult than it is? I'm sorry for all the questions, I would just like to have a good grasp of all the information possible. And again, thank you so much for being patient with us "newbies". Kelly Kincade-Lewis, dau of Robt R Kincade #129770 > Hi Kelly, > > The following is something I put together a few years ago > for my DNA web page. Perhaps this will help with the > basics a bit. > > Everyone of us contain structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes > usually come in pairs, one inherited from the mother and one from the > father, and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. In 22 of the > 23 pairs, the 2 chromosomes are very similar. However, the 23rd pair is > made up of two possible combinations of 2 very different chromosomes, the > X and the Y chromosomes. All of us have at least one X chromosome, which > we have inherited from our mother. The second chromosome in this pair is > always inherited from the father. If it is another X chomosome then the > pair readily mixes and the embryo developes into a female. If the second > chromosome inherited from the father is a Y chromosome then the embryo > developes into a male. Since a male's 23rd pair are disimilar (X & Y), > genetic material cannot readily exchange between them. The result is that > the Y chromosome of every living man contains portions that directly > resembles that of his father, grandfather, great gra! > ndfather etc. and cousins of any degree who also have the same male > ancestor. > > The Y chromosone is about 60,000,000 base pairs long. One base on the DNA > strand can be one of the following four nitrogen containing chemicals: A > (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). There are two > strands in the DNA chain parallel to each other and connected. They are > connected because Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) > pairs with guanine (G). Thus, if you have a A on one strand then its > opposite strand will have a T so they can join. > > When the DNA within the male Y chromosome is copied from generation to > generation, small mistakes are occasionally made. These mistakes give rise > to differences between Y chromosomes of two individuals called > "polymorphisms". An person's combination of polymorphisms identifies a > unique sequence or "haplotype" with which to make comparisons to that of > another individual. > > STRs (abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeats) are sections of DNA where a > short pattern (2-5 bases) has been identified as repeating a certain > number of times in a row (in tandem). DYS391 is an identified STR with the > 'GATA' pattern repeating at one specific location (repeating patterns at > specific points are called markers). For many Kincaids in our project it > has been determined that the DYS391 marker repeated 12 times. In that > section of the Y-DNA one strand of the DNA looks like: > > GATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATA. > > For other Kincaids in the project there was a mutation in one of the GATA > pairs (ie. perhaps a G became a C) resulting in only 11 GATA repeats being > counted for the same marker instead of 12 (ie. a mutation is when the > number of repeats increases or decreases by one or occasionally two or > more). Since we are dealing with more than one base pair (ie. one letter) > then mutations can be observed frequently enough in STR markers to be of > use for genealogy. > > Peter A. Kincaid > Fredericton, NB, Canada > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: lewisjo@junct.com > To: KINCAID@rootsweb.com > Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 3:28 PM > Subject: [KINCAID] DNA Question > > > Can anyone tell me what the markers mean? Each one has a value, but what > is the orginal meaning of the marker, does it, in itself mean anything > that we can understand? When you say "mutations", do you mean that it is > just a different value than the rest of the group has? Isn't there > anything significant about that particular mutation at that particular > marker? > Kelly > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

While DNA determines many of your physical characteristics (ie. hair color, etc.) and potential health risks, most of these are on the other chromosomes. On these other chromosomes, you are getting a mix of your mother's and father's DNA. Your children would have a mix of all four of their grandparents' DNA. Thus, it doesn't take long before we really differ from one direct line of ancestors; that is outside of close inbreeding. The part of the Y chromosome we are testing did not get mixed and, for that part, all of us match pretty close to our ancestor's DNA 800 years ago. For the most part, these are in areas which they call junk DNA because there is no apparent or significant reason for the DNA. Some of it could be genetic material from another source (ie. a virus) added in. Some came from copy areas (ie. the DNA looped and duplicated itself). There was once commentary that certain mutations in the DYS 464 series of markers could be an indicator of male fertility. However, I have not read about anything that can really be interpreted for certain from one's Y chromosome profile as we currently test for our project. It is simply looking at very small sections of our DNA that we share with our direct male ancestor and finding a genealogical utility for it. Best wishes! Peter ----- Original Message ----- From: lewisjo@junct.com To: kincaid@rootsweb.com Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 11:02 PM Subject: Re: [KINCAID] DNA Question Peter, Thank you so much for your detailed information. I'm sure others will find it as useful as I have. Besides grouping us together because we have similar DNA patterns, (including mutations), can't these markers tell us something more in-depth about each of our particular groups, subgroups and the mutations that make us distance-1,2,3, etc.? I know that each strand of DNA is for something, such as eye color, hair color, height, diseases, etc, so what do these markers tell, or do they even know that info? Since everyone in the project has such closely matched DNA, does that mean that everyone of us came from the same exact male ancestor, not one of our lines came from another man who decided to use the Kyncade as their last name? That the mutations just tell us that we are related, but different as to how many generations back? Am I trying to make it more difficult than it is? I'm sorry for all the questions, I would just like to have a good grasp of all the information possible. And again, thank you so much for being patient with us "newbies". Kelly Kincade-Lewis, dau of Robt R Kincade #129770 > Hi Kelly, > > The following is something I put together a few years ago > for my DNA web page. Perhaps this will help with the > basics a bit. > > Everyone of us contain structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes > usually come in pairs, one inherited from the mother and one from the > father, and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. In 22 of the > 23 pairs, the 2 chromosomes are very similar. However, the 23rd pair is > made up of two possible combinations of 2 very different chromosomes, the > X and the Y chromosomes. All of us have at least one X chromosome, which > we have inherited from our mother. The second chromosome in this pair is > always inherited from the father. If it is another X chomosome then the > pair readily mixes and the embryo developes into a female. If the second > chromosome inherited from the father is a Y chromosome then the embryo > developes into a male. Since a male's 23rd pair are disimilar (X & Y), > genetic material cannot readily exchange between them. The result is that > the Y chromosome of every living man contains portions that directly > resembles that of his father, grandfather, great gra! > ndfather etc. and cousins of any degree who also have the same male > ancestor. > > The Y chromosone is about 60,000,000 base pairs long. One base on the DNA > strand can be one of the following four nitrogen containing chemicals: A > (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). There are two > strands in the DNA chain parallel to each other and connected. They are > connected because Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) > pairs with guanine (G). Thus, if you have a A on one strand then its > opposite strand will have a T so they can join. > > When the DNA within the male Y chromosome is copied from generation to > generation, small mistakes are occasionally made. These mistakes give rise > to differences between Y chromosomes of two individuals called > "polymorphisms". An person's combination of polymorphisms identifies a > unique sequence or "haplotype" with which to make comparisons to that of > another individual. > > STRs (abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeats) are sections of DNA where a > short pattern (2-5 bases) has been identified as repeating a certain > number of times in a row (in tandem). DYS391 is an identified STR with the > 'GATA' pattern repeating at one specific location (repeating patterns at > specific points are called markers). For many Kincaids in our project it > has been determined that the DYS391 marker repeated 12 times. In that > section of the Y-DNA one strand of the DNA looks like: > > GATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATA. > > For other Kincaids in the project there was a mutation in one of the GATA > pairs (ie. perhaps a G became a C) resulting in only 11 GATA repeats being > counted for the same marker instead of 12 (ie. a mutation is when the > number of repeats increases or decreases by one or occasionally two or > more). Since we are dealing with more than one base pair (ie. one letter) > then mutations can be observed frequently enough in STR markers to be of > use for genealogy. > > Peter A. Kincaid > Fredericton, NB, Canada > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: lewisjo@junct.com > To: KINCAID@rootsweb.com > Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 3:28 PM > Subject: [KINCAID] DNA Question > > > Can anyone tell me what the markers mean? Each one has a value, but what > is the orginal meaning of the marker, does it, in itself mean anything > that we can understand? When you say "mutations", do you mean that it is > just a different value than the rest of the group has? Isn't there > anything significant about that particular mutation at that particular > marker? > Kelly > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Thank you Peter, you've been most helpful! Kelly > While DNA determines many of your physical > characteristics (ie. hair color, etc.) and potential > health risks, most of these are on the other > chromosomes. On these other chromosomes, you > are getting a mix of your mother's and father's DNA. > Your children would have a mix of all four of their > grandparents' DNA. Thus, it doesn't take long before > we really differ from one direct line of ancestors; that > is outside of close inbreeding. The part of the Y > chromosome we are testing did not get mixed and, for > that part, all of us match pretty close to our ancestor's > DNA 800 years ago. For the most part, these are in > areas which they call junk DNA because there is > no apparent or significant reason for the DNA. Some > of it could be genetic material from another source > (ie. a virus) added in. Some came from copy areas > (ie. the DNA looped and duplicated itself). There > was once commentary that certain mutations in the > DYS 464 series of markers could be an indicator of male > fertility. However, I have not read about anything that > can really be interpreted for certain from one's Y > chromosome profile as we currently test for our project. > It is simply looking at very small sections of our DNA > that we share with our direct male ancestor and finding a > genealogical utility for it. > > Best wishes! > > Peter > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: lewisjo@junct.com > To: kincaid@rootsweb.com > Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 11:02 PM > Subject: Re: [KINCAID] DNA Question > > > Peter, > Thank you so much for your detailed information. I'm sure others will > find > it as useful as I have. Besides grouping us together because we have > similar DNA patterns, (including mutations), can't these markers tell us > something more in-depth about each of our particular groups, subgroups > and > the mutations that make us distance-1,2,3, etc.? I know that each strand > of DNA is for something, such as eye color, hair color, height, > diseases, > etc, so what do these markers tell, or do they even know that info? > Since > everyone in the project has such closely matched DNA, does that mean > that > everyone of us came from the same exact male ancestor, not one of our > lines came from another man who decided to use the Kyncade as their last > name? That the mutations just tell us that we are related, but different > as to how many generations back? > Am I trying to make it more difficult than it is? I'm sorry for all the > questions, I would just like to have a good grasp of all the information > possible. And again, thank you so much for being patient with us > "newbies". > Kelly Kincade-Lewis, dau of Robt R Kincade #129770 > > > > Hi Kelly, > > > > The following is something I put together a few years ago > > for my DNA web page. Perhaps this will help with the > > basics a bit. > > > > Everyone of us contain structures called chromosomes. These > chromosomes > > usually come in pairs, one inherited from the mother and one from the > > father, and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. In 22 of > the > > 23 pairs, the 2 chromosomes are very similar. However, the 23rd pair > is > > made up of two possible combinations of 2 very different chromosomes, > the > > X and the Y chromosomes. All of us have at least one X chromosome, > which > > we have inherited from our mother. The second chromosome in this pair > is > > always inherited from the father. If it is another X chomosome then > the > > pair readily mixes and the embryo developes into a female. If the > second > > chromosome inherited from the father is a Y chromosome then the embryo > > developes into a male. Since a male's 23rd pair are disimilar (X & Y), > > genetic material cannot readily exchange between them. The result is > that > > the Y chromosome of every living man contains portions that directly > > resembles that of his father, grandfather, great gra! > > ndfather etc. and cousins of any degree who also have the same male > > ancestor. > > > > The Y chromosone is about 60,000,000 base pairs long. One base on the > DNA > > strand can be one of the following four nitrogen containing chemicals: > A > > (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). There are two > > strands in the DNA chain parallel to each other and connected. They > are > > connected because Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) > > pairs with guanine (G). Thus, if you have a A on one strand then its > > opposite strand will have a T so they can join. > > > > When the DNA within the male Y chromosome is copied from generation to > > generation, small mistakes are occasionally made. These mistakes give > rise > > to differences between Y chromosomes of two individuals called > > "polymorphisms". An person's combination of polymorphisms identifies a > > unique sequence or "haplotype" with which to make comparisons to that > of > > another individual. > > > > STRs (abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeats) are sections of DNA where > a > > short pattern (2-5 bases) has been identified as repeating a certain > > number of times in a row (in tandem). DYS391 is an identified STR with > the > > 'GATA' pattern repeating at one specific location (repeating patterns > at > > specific points are called markers). For many Kincaids in our project > it > > has been determined that the DYS391 marker repeated 12 times. In that > > section of the Y-DNA one strand of the DNA looks like: > > > > GATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATA. > > > > For other Kincaids in the project there was a mutation in one of the > GATA > > pairs (ie. perhaps a G became a C) resulting in only 11 GATA repeats > being > > counted for the same marker instead of 12 (ie. a mutation is when the > > number of repeats increases or decreases by one or occasionally two or > > more). Since we are dealing with more than one base pair (ie. one > letter) > > then mutations can be observed frequently enough in STR markers to be > of > > use for genealogy. > > > > Peter A. Kincaid > > Fredericton, NB, Canada > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: lewisjo@junct.com > > To: KINCAID@rootsweb.com > > Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 3:28 PM > > Subject: [KINCAID] DNA Question > > > > > > Can anyone tell me what the markers mean? Each one has a value, but > what > > is the orginal meaning of the marker, does it, in itself mean > anything > > that we can understand? When you say "mutations", do you mean that > it is > > just a different value than the rest of the group has? Isn't there > > anything significant about that particular mutation at that > particular > > marker? > > Kelly > > > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > > > > ------------------------------- > > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

Peter, thank you for the explaination to the group. To answer Kelly's question and explain how the chart is organized. Each Group in the chart have similar patterns of results within the group and they are very different from the patterns of results for any other Group. Each of the members of a group are related to each other but are not related to members of other groups. Each Group has a single ancestor who adopted the surname Kincaid or a variance thereof. The 2 most numerous Groups in the Kincaid project are Group A and Group C-2. The Apparent Ancestral Values for Group A (top string) and Group C-2 (bottom string) for markers 1-12/13-25/26-37 are: 13.23.14.12.11.14.12.12.11.13.13.29/16.9.10.11.11.24.15.18.29.15.16.17.18/11.10.19.23.17.14.16.17.37.39.12.12 13.25.14.10.11.14.12.12.12.13.13.30/17.9.10.11.11.25.15.19.30.15.15.17.17/11.11.19.24.16.15.18.17.36.36.13.12 If I have counted correctly there are 18 markers that do not match. Some of those that don't match vary by several steps. There are 19 markers that are the same which would indicate a common ancestor back in the ice age or beyond. But for our purposes, these Groups are not genetically related. There are few variances from the Group AAV for C-2. Three members have a 24 at marker 2. Two of these descend from George/Elizabeth Dean. The 3rd with this mutation should look for a connection to this line. Because there are so few mutations, it is possible that the common ancestor for this Group may be found in historic times. Group A has a number of mutations which are shared by a others in the Group. The most significant mutation occurs at marker 15 in the second panel (13-25), 3rd number. The AAV is a 10. One third of the project members have a 9 at this marker. Those with a 10 are in Group A set 1. Those with a 9 are in Group A set 2/4. Group A set 2/4 can be divided into subfamilies. Set 2a does not as yet have a significant mutation from the set AAV. A-2b has a significant mutation at marker 30 in the 3rd panel (26-37), 5th number. This set has an 18 instead of the AAV 17. They should have a common ancestor closer in time than any one of them connect to someone who does not have the 18. A-4 has several mutations shared by all members of the set. They all have a 14 instead of the AAV 15 at marker 19 (7th number in the 2nd panel) and a 36 instead of 37 at marker 34 (4th from the end of the 3rd panel). Group A set 1 can be divided into a subfamily with no significant variance from the AAV for Group A (set 1a), a subfamily set 1b that has a 12 instead of an 11 at marker 26 (1st number in the 3rd panel) and a set which contains our biggest challange. A-1c has one common mutation that distinguishes it from A-1a. They all have an 11 instead of a 12 at marker 4 (4th number in the 1st panel). What makes this 11 such a challange is that an 11 at this marker pops up in every other Group A set and subset. If everyone could be vetted to their claimed ancestor there would have been at least 6 times this marker mutated to an 11. Even if they could not be vetted either the mutation at marker 4 to an 11 occured several times or 4 other markers (15, 19, 26 and 30) mutated twice. The odds that the latter happened are astromomical. The value of 12 at marker 4 is at the top of its range. Very few people have it. From our project data, it appears that the marker is very unstable at this value and drops a repetition often. In A-4 Peter has isolated the mutation to Daniel, son of his ancestor David as the line from another son of David does not have the mutation. In A-2a a line from one son of John, son of George, has the mutation. A line from another son of John does not. In A-1b 2 lines with probable common ancestor John/Elizabeth Logan have the mutation. No one else in the set does. Either the mutation to 12 at marker 26 would have had to occur in 2 individuals or the marker four 11 was the result of a separate event. In A-2b the same thing occurs. One individual has the mutation the rest do not. Again the mutation to18 at marker 30 would have had to occur twice or the marker 4 mutation to 11 was the result of a separate event. In A-1c an individual with the mutation claims with a great deal of circumstantial evidence to the same ancestor as several individuals without the mutation in A-1a. If everyone in A-1c except the individual above, could be traced to a single common ancestor, that ancestor was not the same one as any of the above. With so many mutations to the 11 on record, it is unclear if all in this set will find a common ancestor before connecting to someone without it. Sue Liedtke ----- Original Message ----- From: <lewisjo@junct.com> To: <kincaid@rootsweb.com> Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 7:02 PM Subject: Re: [KINCAID] DNA Question > Peter, > Thank you so much for your detailed information. I'm sure others will find > it as useful as I have. Besides grouping us together because we have > similar DNA patterns, (including mutations), can't these markers tell us > something more in-depth about each of our particular groups, subgroups and > the mutations that make us distance-1,2,3, etc.? I know that each strand > of DNA is for something, such as eye color, hair color, height, diseases, > etc, so what do these markers tell, or do they even know that info? Since > everyone in the project has such closely matched DNA, does that mean that > everyone of us came from the same exact male ancestor, not one of our > lines came from another man who decided to use the Kyncade as their last > name? That the mutations just tell us that we are related, but different > as to how many generations back? > Am I trying to make it more difficult than it is? I'm sorry for all the > questions, I would just like to have a good grasp of all the information > possible. And again, thank you so much for being patient with us > "newbies". > Kelly Kincade-Lewis, dau of Robt R Kincade #129770 > > >> Hi Kelly, >> >> The following is something I put together a few years ago >> for my DNA web page. Perhaps this will help with the >> basics a bit. >> >> Everyone of us contain structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes >> usually come in pairs, one inherited from the mother and one from the >> father, and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. In 22 of the >> 23 pairs, the 2 chromosomes are very similar. However, the 23rd pair is >> made up of two possible combinations of 2 very different chromosomes, the >> X and the Y chromosomes. All of us have at least one X chromosome, which >> we have inherited from our mother. The second chromosome in this pair is >> always inherited from the father. If it is another X chomosome then the >> pair readily mixes and the embryo developes into a female. If the second >> chromosome inherited from the father is a Y chromosome then the embryo >> developes into a male. Since a male's 23rd pair are disimilar (X & Y), >> genetic material cannot readily exchange between them. The result is that >> the Y chromosome of every living man contains portions that directly >> resembles that of his father, grandfather, great gra! >> ndfather etc. and cousins of any degree who also have the same male >> ancestor. >> >> The Y chromosone is about 60,000,000 base pairs long. One base on the DNA >> strand can be one of the following four nitrogen containing chemicals: A >> (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). There are two >> strands in the DNA chain parallel to each other and connected. They are >> connected because Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) >> pairs with guanine (G). Thus, if you have a A on one strand then its >> opposite strand will have a T so they can join. >> >> When the DNA within the male Y chromosome is copied from generation to >> generation, small mistakes are occasionally made. These mistakes give >> rise >> to differences between Y chromosomes of two individuals called >> "polymorphisms". An person's combination of polymorphisms identifies a >> unique sequence or "haplotype" with which to make comparisons to that of >> another individual. >> >> STRs (abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeats) are sections of DNA where a >> short pattern (2-5 bases) has been identified as repeating a certain >> number of times in a row (in tandem). DYS391 is an identified STR with >> the >> 'GATA' pattern repeating at one specific location (repeating patterns at >> specific points are called markers). For many Kincaids in our project it >> has been determined that the DYS391 marker repeated 12 times. In that >> section of the Y-DNA one strand of the DNA looks like: >> >> GATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATA. >> >> For other Kincaids in the project there was a mutation in one of the GATA >> pairs (ie. perhaps a G became a C) resulting in only 11 GATA repeats >> being >> counted for the same marker instead of 12 (ie. a mutation is when the >> number of repeats increases or decreases by one or occasionally two or >> more). Since we are dealing with more than one base pair (ie. one letter) >> then mutations can be observed frequently enough in STR markers to be of >> use for genealogy. >> >> Peter A. Kincaid >> Fredericton, NB, Canada >> >> ----- Original Message ----- >> From: lewisjo@junct.com >> To: KINCAID@rootsweb.com >> Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 3:28 PM >> Subject: [KINCAID] DNA Question >> >> >> Can anyone tell me what the markers mean? Each one has a value, but >> what >> is the orginal meaning of the marker, does it, in itself mean anything >> that we can understand? When you say "mutations", do you mean that it >> is >> just a different value than the rest of the group has? Isn't there >> anything significant about that particular mutation at that particular >> marker? >> Kelly >> >> To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: >> >> http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls >> >> >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the >> quotes in the subject and the body of the message >> > > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Sue, Thank you so much for taking the time to explain that. I have another question: You said that group A-2b has a mutation @ marker 30, they have an 18, when the other groups,(A), have a 17. Since my father has a 16 at this marker, is that anything significant? Thanks again, Kelly > Peter, thank you for the explaination to the group. > To answer Kelly's question and explain how the chart is organized. > > Each Group in the chart have similar patterns of results within the group > and they are very different from the patterns of results for any other > Group. Each of the members of a group are related to each other but are > not > related to members of other groups. Each Group has a single ancestor who > adopted the surname Kincaid or a variance thereof. The 2 most numerous > Groups in the Kincaid project are Group A and Group C-2. > > The Apparent Ancestral Values for Group A (top string) and Group C-2 > (bottom > string) for markers 1-12/13-25/26-37 are: > 13.23.14.12.11.14.12.12.11.13.13.29/16.9.10.11.11.24.15.18.29.15.16.17.18/11.10.19.23.17.14.16.17.37.39.12.12 > 13.25.14.10.11.14.12.12.12.13.13.30/17.9.10.11.11.25.15.19.30.15.15.17.17/11.11.19.24.16.15.18.17.36.36.13.12 > > If I have counted correctly there are 18 markers that do not match. Some > of > those that don't match vary by several steps. There are 19 markers that > are > the same which would indicate a common ancestor back in the ice age or > beyond. But for our purposes, these Groups are not genetically related. > > There are few variances from the Group AAV for C-2. Three members have a > 24 > at marker 2. Two of these descend from George/Elizabeth Dean. The 3rd with > this mutation should look for a connection to this line. Because there are > so few mutations, it is possible that the common ancestor for this Group > may > be found in historic times. > > Group A has a number of mutations which are shared by a others in the > Group. > The most significant mutation occurs at marker 15 in the second panel > (13-25), 3rd number. The AAV is a 10. One third of the project members > have > a 9 at this marker. Those with a 10 are in Group A set 1. Those with a 9 > are > in Group A set 2/4. > > Group A set 2/4 can be divided into subfamilies. > Set 2a does not as yet have a significant mutation from the set AAV. > > A-2b has a significant mutation at marker 30 in the 3rd panel (26-37), 5th > number. This set has an 18 instead of the AAV 17. They should have a > common > ancestor closer in time than any one of them connect to someone who does > not > have the 18. > > A-4 has several mutations shared by all members of the set. They all have > a > 14 instead of the AAV 15 at marker 19 (7th number in the 2nd panel) and a > 36 > instead of 37 at marker 34 (4th from the end of the 3rd panel). > > Group A set 1 can be divided into a subfamily with no significant variance > from the AAV for Group A (set 1a), a subfamily set 1b that has a 12 > instead > of an 11 at marker 26 (1st number in the 3rd panel) and a set which > contains > our biggest challange. A-1c has one common mutation that distinguishes it > from A-1a. They all have an 11 instead of a 12 at marker 4 (4th number in > the 1st panel). > > What makes this 11 such a challange is that an 11 at this marker pops up > in > every other Group A set and subset. If everyone could be vetted to their > claimed ancestor there would have been at least 6 times this marker > mutated > to an 11. Even if they could not be vetted either the mutation at marker 4 > to an 11 occured several times or 4 other markers (15, 19, 26 and 30) > mutated twice. The odds that the latter happened are astromomical. The > value > of 12 at marker 4 is at the top of its range. Very few people have it. > From > our project data, it appears that the marker is very unstable at this > value > and drops a repetition often. > > In A-4 Peter has isolated the mutation to Daniel, son of his ancestor > David > as the line from another son of David does not have the mutation. > > In A-2a a line from one son of John, son of George, has the mutation. A > line > from another son of John does not. > > In A-1b 2 lines with probable common ancestor John/Elizabeth Logan have > the > mutation. No one else in the set does. Either the mutation to 12 at marker > 26 would have had to occur in 2 individuals or the marker four 11 was the > result of a separate event. > > In A-2b the same thing occurs. One individual has the mutation the rest do > not. Again the mutation to18 at marker 30 would have had to occur twice or > the marker 4 mutation to 11 was the result of a separate event. > > In A-1c an individual with the mutation claims with a great deal of > circumstantial evidence to the same ancestor as several individuals > without > the mutation in A-1a. > > If everyone in A-1c except the individual above, could be traced to a > single > common ancestor, that ancestor was not the same one as any of the above. > With so many mutations to the 11 on record, it is unclear if all in this > set > will find a common ancestor before connecting to someone without it. > > Sue Liedtke > > > > > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: <lewisjo@junct.com> > To: <kincaid@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 7:02 PM > Subject: Re: [KINCAID] DNA Question > > >> Peter, >> Thank you so much for your detailed information. I'm sure others will >> find >> it as useful as I have. Besides grouping us together because we have >> similar DNA patterns, (including mutations), can't these markers tell us >> something more in-depth about each of our particular groups, subgroups >> and >> the mutations that make us distance-1,2,3, etc.? I know that each strand >> of DNA is for something, such as eye color, hair color, height, >> diseases, >> etc, so what do these markers tell, or do they even know that info? >> Since >> everyone in the project has such closely matched DNA, does that mean >> that >> everyone of us came from the same exact male ancestor, not one of our >> lines came from another man who decided to use the Kyncade as their last >> name? That the mutations just tell us that we are related, but different >> as to how many generations back? >> Am I trying to make it more difficult than it is? I'm sorry for all the >> questions, I would just like to have a good grasp of all the information >> possible. And again, thank you so much for being patient with us >> "newbies". >> Kelly Kincade-Lewis, dau of Robt R Kincade #129770 >> >> >>> Hi Kelly, >>> >>> The following is something I put together a few years ago >>> for my DNA web page. Perhaps this will help with the >>> basics a bit. >>> >>> Everyone of us contain structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes >>> usually come in pairs, one inherited from the mother and one from the >>> father, and humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes altogether. In 22 of >>> the >>> 23 pairs, the 2 chromosomes are very similar. However, the 23rd pair is >>> made up of two possible combinations of 2 very different chromosomes, >>> the >>> X and the Y chromosomes. All of us have at least one X chromosome, >>> which >>> we have inherited from our mother. The second chromosome in this pair >>> is >>> always inherited from the father. If it is another X chomosome then the >>> pair readily mixes and the embryo developes into a female. If the >>> second >>> chromosome inherited from the father is a Y chromosome then the embryo >>> developes into a male. Since a male's 23rd pair are disimilar (X & Y), >>> genetic material cannot readily exchange between them. The result is >>> that >>> the Y chromosome of every living man contains portions that directly >>> resembles that of his father, grandfather, great gra! >>> ndfather etc. and cousins of any degree who also have the same male >>> ancestor. >>> >>> The Y chromosone is about 60,000,000 base pairs long. One base on the >>> DNA >>> strand can be one of the following four nitrogen containing chemicals: >>> A >>> (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine) and G (guanine). There are two >>> strands in the DNA chain parallel to each other and connected. They are >>> connected because Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) >>> pairs with guanine (G). Thus, if you have a A on one strand then its >>> opposite strand will have a T so they can join. >>> >>> When the DNA within the male Y chromosome is copied from generation to >>> generation, small mistakes are occasionally made. These mistakes give >>> rise >>> to differences between Y chromosomes of two individuals called >>> "polymorphisms". An person's combination of polymorphisms identifies a >>> unique sequence or "haplotype" with which to make comparisons to that >>> of >>> another individual. >>> >>> STRs (abbreviation for Short Tandem Repeats) are sections of DNA where >>> a >>> short pattern (2-5 bases) has been identified as repeating a certain >>> number of times in a row (in tandem). DYS391 is an identified STR with >>> the >>> 'GATA' pattern repeating at one specific location (repeating patterns >>> at >>> specific points are called markers). For many Kincaids in our project >>> it >>> has been determined that the DYS391 marker repeated 12 times. In that >>> section of the Y-DNA one strand of the DNA looks like: >>> >>> GATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATAGATA. >>> >>> For other Kincaids in the project there was a mutation in one of the >>> GATA >>> pairs (ie. perhaps a G became a C) resulting in only 11 GATA repeats >>> being >>> counted for the same marker instead of 12 (ie. a mutation is when the >>> number of repeats increases or decreases by one or occasionally two or >>> more). Since we are dealing with more than one base pair (ie. one >>> letter) >>> then mutations can be observed frequently enough in STR markers to be >>> of >>> use for genealogy. >>> >>> Peter A. Kincaid >>> Fredericton, NB, Canada >>> >>> ----- Original Message ----- >>> From: lewisjo@junct.com >>> To: KINCAID@rootsweb.com >>> Sent: Friday, October 17, 2008 3:28 PM >>> Subject: [KINCAID] DNA Question >>> >>> >>> Can anyone tell me what the markers mean? Each one has a value, but >>> what >>> is the orginal meaning of the marker, does it, in itself mean >>> anything >>> that we can understand? When you say "mutations", do you mean that it >>> is >>> just a different value than the rest of the group has? Isn't there >>> anything significant about that particular mutation at that >>> particular >>> marker? >>> Kelly >>> >>> To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: >>> >>> http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls >>> >>> >>> ------------------------------- >>> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >>> KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the >>> quotes in the subject and the body of the message >>> >> >> >> To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: >> http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls >> >> >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the >> quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > To see the Kincaid of all spellings DNA chart in Excel: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~adgedge/Research/April%202004/Kincaid%20%20DNA.xls > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > KINCAID-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >