Jacqui Another thought. You seemed a bit piqued by the name SMITH being in your tree. There is, of course, a strong possibility that this too is of Palatine origin. There were stacks of them queuing for tickets in Rotterdam in 1709 (Schmidt, Smit, etc). As you will see, your Corneils pre-date the famous '09 emigration, since they were already tending their plots in Killeheen 30 years before our laggards turned up. This gives weight to the widely-held belief that CORNEIL was of Huguenot extraction. But religion seems not to have hampered the warmest relations with the late arrivals. You will note, for instance, on p. 3 of that gigantic Uregina tome that a John Piper carted off an Elizabeth C in 1783 (incidentally, John was the elder brother of my direct ancestor Jacob/James Piper. I have still to find the maiden name of Jacob's wife Elizabeth, if anyone can help there. Even the marvellous Mary Wallace doesn't know that one). Now, Liz: As David Henry Thoreau said: don't you ever go to bed? LOL (that's mine). Terry