it would appear all Nolans-Nowlans were recorded by Dudley Hill as Nowland in June 1798, when the remnants of the United Irishmen in Carlow were forced to seek a Protection from the Magistrates or face the consequences. Here is one such entry in the "Protections" Journal of Dudley Hill, under-Sheriff. Laurence is obliged to state who acted as Captain of his group. Laurence Nowland, of Ballycroge, Labourer, Sworn a United Irishman by a Man at Rathvilly, Michael Keefe to be Captain.