Hello Tim, I sent an image of the 1871 English Census off list to you, but in the interests of everyone seeing it, I have transcribed it below: Andrew Carney 1863 Batley, Yorks John Carney 1843 Ireland Labourer Mary Carney 1845 Ireland Mary Carney 1870 Batley, Yorks Michael Carney 1867 Batley, Yorks Patrick Carney 1861 Ireland Bridget Kelly 1841 Sister in Law Ireland rag picker James Kelly 1861 Nephew Ireland. So, there you have it, they came to Yorkshire sometime between the birth of Patrick (1861) and the birth of Andrew (1863). I think a useful thing to do now would be to go onto FreeBMD and find the GRO reference for the birth of Andrew. Then order the cert from the GRO. That will give you Mary's maiden name. Plus, you now have the extra info of Bridget Kelly and James Kelly. I can't remember if Bridget is a widow or not, you can check when you get the image. She may be either a sister of John or of Mary or she may be the wife/widow of a brother of Mary. A bit more investigation will reveal which one. Of course, if you get Mary's maiden name, and you find it is Kelly, then it's a very good chance she was married to a brother of Mary. On the other hand, she may be Mary's sister, who had a child out of wedlock. Many possibilities. I am now going to try, on the off chance, for the same people on the 1861 census, in case Patrick was born earlier in the year in Ireland, and then they moved to England that same year. Susan Canada