So ... have we established that mediterranean traits would not be uncommon among the Irish? That is what I'm asking about ... I don't want to start searching for a "mediterranean" ancestor that might exist before the Ice Age ... talk about brick walls!! or should I say, ice walls. :-P Thanks to everyone who has commented, contributed information. I understand the concepts behind dna to a certain extent, but on the individual level. What is most interesting and what I want to learn about is the concept of "corporate" dna, if you will, in other words, dna shared by large groups such as the Bolgii (Fir Bogs), the Berbers, and so on. What's the name of that book again, the Seven Daughters of Eve? and its author. Is it a good reference book, a compilation of research, or one man's opinion? I have the books "The Story of the Irish Race," by Seamus ManManus, and "Wars of the Irish Kings," by David McCoullough. I'm not updated on the best books to read for information, but would like to know. Wars of the Irish Kings is very interesting! it has me absorbed. Peace Phyllis