I have updated the GenWeb County Tipperary website by adding some new pictures, Tithe Applotments, Griffith Valuations, Surname records and/or links. I have also added a new civil parish webpage for Emly Civil Parish. The following town(land)s have either new or updated pages: Ardohill, Ballinvreena, Ballycurran, Ballyholahan East and West, Ballyhone, Ballynacree, Ballynagrana, Ballynaveen, Vallyvistea, Bartoose, Breansha, Emly, Moanmore (4), Borrisoleigh, Nenagh, Clonmel, Clashavickteery, Cleghile, Chancellorsland, Chantersland, Clashdrumsmith, Clasheleesha, Coolboy, Drumcomoge, Duncummin, Farran, Farranasa, Gortatemple, Gorteen, Gortvunatrime, Lissobihane, Nickers, Rodus, Tulla, Clonmore (2), Tountinna, Gortshane East, Annaholty, Carrigaloe, Corrogebeg, Kilshane, Knockacurra, Knockfobole, Puddingfield, Springfield, Ballybeg, Ballysimon, Cloonmalonna, Emlagh, Farranaclara, Glebe, Ranacrohey (2) and Shanballymore. A number of these pages have updated by adding the Griffith's Valuation for the townland. You can access the website at: http://www.rootsweb.com/~irltip/tipperary.htm -- Pat Connors, Sacramento CA http://www.connorsgenealogy.com All outgoing mail virus free, scanned by Norton

In a message dated 8/24/2004 2:12:16 AM Pacific Standard Time, linsplace@hotmail.com writes: 1870 Queens for a John born about 1864 and got: Queens, Flushing, Bayside -336 Barrett, James 36 Farm hand b. Ireland Mary 22 NY Kate 13 NY John 7 NY Bricket, James 35 farmer maine Mary 25 Ireland Arthur 2 NY Kate 1 NY Queens, Bayside p303 Barrett, John 35 oil mfr. Ire Ellen 30 Ire John 5 NY Thomas 4/12 Welsh, Mary 94 Ire Queens, Hunters Point p240 Barnett, Patrick 44 twine maker Ire Mary 35 Ireland Ellen 14 NY Hatio 12 (female) Mary 8 Richard 6 John 3 Patrick 1

I signed up for a one month FREE trial at People.com--I THOUGHT! When I called to cancel the free trial I was told that I could`nt cancel as I had signed up for a 6 month PRE-PAID deal! I`m going to have a bad time clearing this outragious scam up. Barbara : (

Iam sorry but my website, Raymonds County Down Website will be down for a couple of weeks due to upgrading. Raymond http://www.raymondscountydownwebsite.com

I have been trying to find out where in Listowel they came from . Maybe it is the Parish of Listowel and also the Townland. Margaret Catherine Stack came over in 1898 at the age of 18 (maybe). Every census year she got younger. We find her in 1900 Cook County living with her sister, Annie. There is also a brother Thomas, who she lists as the one she is coming to stay with. Margaret marries Henry Murphy in 1907. And has a child Francis in 1909/1910. She has lost one child by this time. Just can not seem to find her parents names. Thanks Arlene

Following is a link to Irish American newspapers which are part of the American Irish Media network: http://www.americanirishmedia.com/ Eilis O'Hara ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" your friends today! Download Messenger Now http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html

Here's a link to a list of Boston Pilot Ads for Missing Irish Immigrant Friends in Troy, NY between 1871 and 1876: http://www.rbinforesearch.com/htmIrish.htm Eilis O'Hara ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" your friends today! Download Messenger Now http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html

Looking for any descendants of the STACK's from Listowel. They settled in Chicago. Arlene

Hi, I would love to look that up for you. Do you have a name or year. There are lots of Stacks. Were they born in Chicago? Where is Listowel?

SNIPPET: A devastating outbreak of potato blight began in Europe in 1845. Relief efforts from America were small in 1846, and it was not until 1847, when the full horror of the famine became a reality, that efforts began in earnest. (See below). Elihu BURRITT gave this first-hand report on 22 Feb 1847 from Castlehaven, Cork. "We entered a stinted den by an aperture about three feet high, and found one or two children lying asleep with their eyes open in the straw. Such, at least, was their appearance, for they scarcely winked while we were before them. The father came in and told his pitiful story of want, saying that not a morsel of food had they tasted for 24 hours. He lighted a wisp of straw and showed us one or two more children lying in another nook of the cave. Their mother had died, and he was obliged to leave them alone during most of the day, in order to glean something for their subsistence. We were soon among the most wretched habitations that I had yet seen, far worse than Skibbereen. Many of them were flat-roofed hovels, half buried in the earth, or built up against the rocks, and covered with rotten straw, seaweed or turf. In one which was scarcely seven feet square, we found five persons prost! ate with the fever, and apparently near their end. A girl about sixteen, the very picture of despair, was the only one left who could administer any relief; and all she could do was to bring water in a broken pitcher to slake their parched lips. As we proceeded up a rocky hill overlooking the sea, we encountered new sights of wretchedness. Seeing a cabin standing somewhat by itself in a hollow, and surrounded by a moat of green filth, we entered it with some difficulty, and found a single child about three years old lying on some kind of shelf, with its little face resting upon the edge of the board and looking steadfastly out at the door as if for its mother. It never moved its eyes as we entered, but kept them fixed toward the entrance. It is doubtful whether the poor thing had a mother or father left to her; but it is more doubtful still whether those eyes would have relaxed their vacant gaze if both of them had entered at once with anything that could tempt the pala! te in their hands. No words can describe this peculiar appearance of the famished children. Never have I seen such bright, blue, clear eyes looking so steadfastly at nothing." --"Eyewitness to History," John CAREY (Avon Books/NY 1997), orig. pub.in Great Britain as "The Faber Book or Reportage." Per Judith Eccles WIGHT, A. G., in the 1998 #2 issue of "Irish Roots" magazine, pub. Cork: "A national public meeting in the USA in February, 1847, resulted in a national organisation with the VP of the U. S. , George M. DALLAS, serving as president and many senators and representatives serving as officers and committee members: Resolutions included the following: A general contribution of money or provisions to be forwarded to Ireland with all practicable dispatch; The Mayors and Collectors of Customs in New York City and New Orleans to receive the contributions and forward them to Ireland for distribution; Cities, towns and villages in the U.S. encouraged to appoint committees to receive contributions and forward them to the General Committee established in New York City and New Orleans. Per the authoress, many states established their own General Relief Committees. It was resolved by the MA committee through the "promptings of a common humanity and dictates of Christ! ian duty"' that individuals of that state donate a portion of their substance to alleviate the sufferings of the poor in both Ireland and Scotland. State organisations were aided by local community groups that actively collected funds and other provisions. One noteworthy contribution was made by the citizens of Nantucket, who had sufferd a devastating fire resulting in $600,000 in property loss. Despite the loss, they collected $2,000 which was forwarded to the Boston committee. Donations of money, food and clothing were forthcoming from individuals, churches, synagogues and other religious organisations, companies large and small, and fraternal and service clubs. Of particular note are the humanitarian efforts of the Society of Friends. The Shakers of New Lebanon sent stockings, socks, coats, vests, pants, and children's clothing. Workmen at the Chickering Pianoforte Co. in Boston and the dry dock in Brooklyn, NY, and police of Worcester and Boston, MA, contributed a! day's wage or more. Cash contributions were noted by mercantile firms in NYC and employers and employees of many other companies throughout the U. S. Officers and soldiers of the U. S. Army stationed in Tampico, Mexico and officers and cadets at the Military Academy in West Point contributed . The Choctaw Indian tribe sent corn. And even children donated their small share. A ten-dollar contribution, which was to used for a school party, was sent by the students of Lovingston Academy in Nelson Co., VA. Fund raising activities were held such as grand balls, lectures, entertaiment events staged by actors and actresses, and concerts - like the one presented jointly by the choir of the Cathedral of Holy Cross and pupils at the Institution for the Blind in Boston. Food donations that were shipped to Ireland included corn, flour, oats, peas, oatmeal, potatoes, dried apples, fish, beans, bread, barley, beef, pork, rye, and rice. Farmers of Muskingum and Jefferson Cos. in OH sent part of their harvest, and a delegation of farmers from IN travelled to Cincinnati, OH, to arrange sending food from their state as part of the relief effort. Friends and family of famine victims sent their own private cash contributions. The "Boston Courier and Enquirer" noted that more than $80,000 had been remitted in amounts ranging from $5 to $25 from Irish labourers, servants and "others toiling for their daily bread" to their suffering relatives in Ireland. One sad account of a donation was published in the March 4, 1847 "Transcript." An unnamed servant girl in the family of General H. B. DURYEA sent all of her earnings ($30) to her friends in Ireland. She learned a few days later that her father, mother, and six brothers and sisters had died of starvation.

Pat, Thanks! I looked at it for only 5 minutes and got good info! Sharen Conley ----- Original Message ----- From: ConnorsGenealogy To: IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com Sent: Saturday, August 21, 2004 11:22 AM Subject: [Irish-American] Interesting website I bumped into this website today and thought I'd pass it on, you put your surname in the search box and get a ton of links: http://www.genealogybuff.com/index.html Some end at Ancestry.com but most are free. -- Pat Connors, Sacramento CA http://www.connorsgenealogy.com All outgoing mail virus free, scanned by Norton ==== IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List ==== The IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List Website and Lookup Service http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ Use this to unsub, change your subscription, links, etc.

Margaret, Here's a link to information on the magazine. http://www.irishrootsmagazine.com/ Eilis O'Hara ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" your friends today! Download Messenger Now http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html

Yesterday, someone (Jean?) mentioned a magazine entitled "Irish Roots". That sound like a something I would be interested in....does anyone know how I could subscribe? Thanks, Margaret in NV It is a great error to take oneself for more than one is, or for less than one is worth. Goethe --------------------------------- Do you Yahoo!? Win 1 of 4,000 free domain names from Yahoo! Enter now.

Phyllis, The information on the 2000 US Federal census isn't immediate connection, it's all -- grandparents, greatgrandparents, or those who think their ancestors at some point originated in Ireland. Eilis O'Hara ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" your friends today! Download Messenger Now http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html

I highly recommend if you have a drop of Irish blood you read Paddy Chaeffskys (SP) book on Ireland. You can get it at Waldenbooks and it is and eye opener and a heart breaker. jd

and just think, the census only shows immediate ancestry ... what about all the descendents with Irish grandparents, great-grandparents, etc. and it's not written on the census Phyllis IRISH-AMERICAN-D-request@rootsweb.com wrote: > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > >IRISH-AMERICAN-D Digest Volume 04 : Issue 219 > >Today's Topics: > #1 The Great Hunger & The Brits [gfainla@mindspring.com] > #2 Re: [Irish-American] Name Search ["Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameri] > #3 Re: [Irish-American] Name Search ["Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameri] > #4 Re: [Irish-American] Brisbane ["Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameri] > #5 "Boston Evening Transcript," 26 Fe ["Jean R." <jeanrice@cet.com>] > #6 Ireland GenWeb County Mayo website [ConnorsGenealogy <nymets11@pacbell] > #7 Re: [Irish-American] "Boston Eveni [Mfallonr@aol.com] > #8 Per Cent of Those Claiming Irish A ["=?iso-8859-1?q?Eilis=20O'Hara?=" ] > #9 Interesting website [ConnorsGenealogy <nymets11@pacbell] > #10 Re: [Irish-American] Per Cent of T [Mautrav@aol.com] > #11 Ireland's Growing Dependence on th ["Jean R." <jeanrice@cet.com>] > #12 Re: [Irish-American] Ireland's Gro [Callatran@aol.com] > >Administrivia: >The IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List website: >http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ > >To unsubscribe to the list or change your subscription to L, or to visit the list's archives, use this website: >http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/other/Ethnic-Irish/IRISH-AMERICAN.html >Posting 'unsubscribe' to the list won't work because the computer does work that way. Use the above links to unsub or contact the list adminstrator off list. > >To contact the IRISH-AMERICAN-D list administrator, send mail to: IRISH-AMERICAN-admin@rootsweb.com. > >REMEMBER: When replying to a message, change the subject to reflect the topic you are addressing. Also, remember not to copy the 'whole' digest when replying. Cut the parts that don't pertain to the message you are replying. > > >IMPORTANT RULE: Do not post virus warnings to the list before checking with list admin first. If you do, you will be put on the "reject" list which will allow you to receive messages from the list but not allow you to post to the list. > > > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > The Great Hunger & The Brits > From: > gfainla@mindspring.com > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 12:42:46 -0700 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > > Yes, from what I've read of the famines, the Quakers went to great > lengths to help our people during those years. Their aid might have > relieved the suffering even more if the Brits hadn't put up a range of > obstacles to the delivery and distribution of foodstuffs. And the > Brits wonder why the Irish feel such antipathy toward them? Ha! G. > Alexander > > ______________________________ > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] Name Search > From: > "Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameritech.net> > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 16:23:24 -0500 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Thanks for the hint, Teresa, I will give it a try. >----- Original Message ----- >From: <Purnergee@aol.com> >To: <IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com> >Sent: Thursday, August 19, 2004 9:38 AM >Subject: Re: [Irish-American] Name Search > > > > >>My thinking on seeing Brisbane as a first name is that it could be a >>nickname or a name given to someone from Australia. Maybe doing a search >> >> >of Irish > > >>immigrants to Australia could bring another clue. >>Teresa >> >> >>==== IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List ==== >>The IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List Website and Lookup Service >>http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ >>Use this to unsub, change your subscription, links, etc. >> >> >> >> > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] Name Search > From: > "Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameritech.net> > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 16:29:57 -0500 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Since I cannot locate Brisbane himself, I can't locate his mother, but >thanks for the idea of the mother's maiden name. Could be. >----- Original Message ----- >From: "Glenys Pearson" <glenys.pearson@btinternet.com> >To: <IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com> >Sent: Wednesday, August 18, 2004 5:07 PM >Subject: RE: [Irish-American] Name Search > > > > >>Brisbane was possibly mother's or grandmother's surname before marriage. >> >>Glenys >> >> >>==== IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List ==== >>The IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List Website and Lookup Service >>http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ >>Use this to unsub, change your subscription, links, etc. >> >> >> >> > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] Brisbane > From: > "Marilyn Shanahan" <shanahan@ameritech.net> > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 16:58:04 -0500 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Thanks Judy: >I tried your suggestion and did come up with one Brisbane in So. Carolina in >1850. I will try and run with that lead. Thanks again. >----- Original Message ----- >From: <JUDYSPHIL@aol.com> >To: <IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com> >Sent: Wednesday, August 18, 2004 5:40 PM >Subject: [Irish-American] Brisbane > > > > >>If you have ancestry.com, you can put in just the first name and it will >>kick out all the people with that name. It works well with uncommon >> >> >names. Of > > >>course, you can't put in JOHN and expect to get anywhere. Judy >> >> >>==== IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List ==== >>The IRISH-AMERICAN Mailing List Website and Lookup Service >>http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ >>Use this to unsub, change your subscription, links, etc. >> >> >> >> > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > "Boston Evening Transcript," 26 Feb 1847 - "Contributions For The > Starving Poor Of Ireland" > From: > "Jean R." <jeanrice@cet.com> > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 20:23:33 -0700 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >SNIPPET: The "Boston Evening Transcript," 26 Feb 1847 contained this announcement: "CONTRIBUTIONS FOR THE STARVING POOR OF IRELAND. The subscribers will deem it a grateful duty to be employed gratuitously by their fellow citizens in receiving for the benefit of the distressed in Ireland, donations in provisions or money, and the smallest sum will be accepted. The provisions will be stored and shipped with the greatest possible economy and despatch, and be distributed in Ireland through our respective agents in that distressed country, in such manner as the donors may desire. Persons in the interior wishing to contribute can address their donations to the undersigned, who will cheerfully give any information in their power. Shipments will be made as often as a few barrels can be collected or the means of purchasing. Our recent letters state that Americans never know the distress that prevails in Ireland; that entire families are found dead from starvation, and that i! n! > many cases a few barrels of bread stuffs would have saved hundreds from death. In confirmation of the entire failure of the crops, it is stated that throughout Ireland at the best hotels not a potato is seen upon the tables. HARNDEN & CO, 120 State st, and Court ste., N.B. Persons in any of the ports of the United States wishing to send provisions direct can ship them to Harnden & Co., Liverpool, who will follow their instructions." > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Ireland GenWeb County Mayo website > From: > ConnorsGenealogy <nymets11@pacbell.net> > Date: > Fri, 20 Aug 2004 20:31:29 -0700 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > > I have updated this website by adding/updating the follow town(land) > webpages: Nymphsfield, Ballina, Cong, Swineford, Turlough, Keeloges, > Westport, Dringeen Eighter, Dringeen Middle, Dringeen Oughter, > Lanmore, Caheredmond, Ardacarha, Ballinlag, Barleynhill, Bohamore, > Carroward, Carrowastle, Carrowgowan, Carrowkeel, Carrowmore, > Carrowntleva, Gortnasillagh, Lisgormin, Lismiraun, Lissaniska, > Listrisnan, Rathrowan, Rathslevin, Shanaghy, Sraheens, Tawnaghaknaff, > Toocananagh, Toonomin, Treanfohanaun, Ballindell East, Ballindell > West, Ballindine East, Ballindine North, Ballindine West, Ballyglass > (Crossboyne CP), Ballyhankeen, Branraduff, Brookhill, Burris, > Caltragh, Carrowbeg, Carrowbeg East, Carrowbeg West, Carrowconor, > Carrowlena, Carrowmarley, Carrowmore (Crossboyne), Carrownlough, > Carrownskehaun, Carrowsteelaun, Castlemagarrett North, > Castlemagarretpark New, Castlemagarretpark Old, Castlereagh, > Cloonbonniff, Cloonmore, Commons, Coolmakean, Coolroe, Crossboyne, > Curraghadooey, Derry, Drumady, Drummin East, Drummin North, Drummin > South, Drummin West, Esker East, Esker North, Esker South, Farmhill, > Garryduff Middle, Garryduff North, Garryduff South, Garryduff West, > Gortanierin, Gortgrave, Greenan, Guardhousepark, Heath, Killeen, > Killeenrevagh, Kilmacanelly, Kilscohagh, Knockananeel, Lawaus, > Leedaun, Lisduff, Lugalisheen North, Lugalisheen South, Mayfield, > Meelick, Millbrook, Newtown North, Newtown South, Pollaniska, > Pollnasillagh, Roosky, Rosskybeg, Rushbrook East, Rushbrook West, > Scardaun East, Scardaun West, Seefin, Skehavaud, Treengarve, Woodstock. > > I have updated the Bohola Civil Parish webpage and added the > Crossboyne Civil Parish webpage. Each CP has links to all the > townlands in the parish. > > If you have surnames, records, links and/or pictures for any > town(land) that you would like to see added to the website, email me > off list and I will include them with my next update in September when > I plan to add a new civil parish plus would like to open the Records > section of the website. > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] "Boston Evening Transcript," 26 Feb 1847 - > "Contribution... > From: > Mfallonr@aol.com > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 08:39:58 EDT > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Jean: > >Thanks to you for filling us in on a great deal of our heritage. > >Mary > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Per Cent of Those Claiming Irish Ancestry by State US 2000 Federal Census > From: > "Eilis O'Hara" <naeireann4@yahoo.ie> > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 15:18:39 +0100 (BST) > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Following is a link to a map which includes the >percent of those in each US State who claimed Irish >Ancestry on the 2000 US Federal Census: > >http://www.us-irelandalliance.org/irish-americans.html > >Eilis O'Hara > > > >________________________________________________________________________ >Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" >your friends today! Download Messenger Now >http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Interesting website > From: > ConnorsGenealogy <nymets11@pacbell.net> > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 08:22:43 -0700 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > > I bumped into this website today and thought I'd pass it on, you put > your surname in the search box and get a ton of links: > http://www.genealogybuff.com/index.html > Some end at Ancestry.com but most are free. > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] Per Cent of Those Claiming Irish Ancestry by > State US 20... > From: > Mautrav@aol.com > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 11:31:54 EDT > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >In a message dated 08/21/2004 9:19:11 AM Central Daylight Time, >naeireann4@yahoo.ie writes: >http://www.us-irelandalliance.org/irish-americans.html >This is a very interesting website. I got some surprises as to which states >had a higher percentage of those claiming Irish heritage. > >Thanks for the website ifo. > >Maureen N > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Ireland's Growing Dependence on the Potato > From: > "Jean R." <jeanrice@cet.com> > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 11:03:12 -0700 > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >SNIPPET: Ireland's agriculture had failed frequently in the century and a half leading up to the Great Hunger. Failures, some leading to significant death tolls, occurred in 1708-09, 1725-29, 1740-41, 1745-46, 1753, 1766, 1769-70, 1772-73, 1782-84, 1795-96, 1800-01, 1817-18, 1821-22, 1830-31, 1835, 1839, and 1842 . The greatest of these occurred in 1740-41, due to extremely cold weather, and produced a famine that killed as many as 400,000 people -- a level proportionate to the Great Famine of 1845-52. > >Ireland's Great Famine (1845-52) was multifactorial. Ireland's population had doubled from 4,000 in 1800 to over 8,000 in 1845, making it the most densely populated nation in Western Europe. Owing to British colonial policies, the vast majority of the population was so poor that they were dependent upon the potato as their main source of food. Starting in 1845, a mysterious blight destroyed successive potato crops between 1845 and 1852. Lastly - an indifferent British government failed to respond to the crisis, resulting in more than a million deaths and more than a million emigrants. > >The potato was native to South America, in the region of the Andes. Sir Walter RALEIGH is credited with introducing the potato to Europe, planting them on his lands in Ireland in the 1580s. The potato took hold in Ireland for a number of reasons. The Irish climate is particularly well suited to potato growth. Potatoes will grow almost anywhere -- rocky soil, wet bogs or on hills. They are easy to cultivate and produce high yields -- up to six tons on a single acre of land. Other advantages include their easy preparation (no milling, as with grain), lack of disease (before 1845), and extraordinary nutritional value. This was made clear by the many contemporary accounts of the Irish poor as being exceptionally strong and healthy. Irish males on the eve of the Famine were on average the tallest in Europe, per Edward T. O'DONNELL, in his book, "1001 Things Everyone Should Know About Irish American History." > >At first the potato was a food enjoyed only by the Irish gentry. But over the course of the 1600s, the British reduced the majority of the Irish people to the status of peasant farmers on small plots of rented land, who in turn devoted increasing acreage to the growth of potatoes that they ate as a supplement to their diet of oats, grains, and dairy products. In the 18th Century, as conditions for the Irish peasants worsened, it became more and more of a staple crop, especially during the winter. On the eve of the Famine, perhaps a many as 60% of the Irish people were solely dependent on the potato as their main source of food. It must be pointed out, however, than on the eve of the Famine potatoes constituted just 20% of Ireland's annual agricultural output. Irish farmers of all ranks grew oats and grains alongside their potatoes. They also raised cows, goats, pigs, and chickens. Peasant farmers, however, ate very little grain, bacon, meat, or eggs. Instead, these ! p! >roducts, along with some potatoes, were sold for cash to pay their rents. > >Phytophthora infestans ("late blight") was a deadly fungus spread rapidly by spores in air or water. It originated in Mexico, appeared in America in the fall of 1843, and then made its way to Western Europe by way of transatlantic ships. Irish farmers told of it striking overnight, leaving blackened leaves, gooey inedible tubesr and a sickening stench. The first reports of disease among the potatoes of Ireland came from the Botanic Garden in Dublin in August 1845. By September, the blight spread to farms in the northeast, eventually destorying one-third of the potato crop. In 1846, the blight reappeared in June and spread at a rate of 50 miles per week to all 32 Irish counties, destroying almost 90% of the crop. Although the loss of just 30% in 1847 seems small, it was equally devastating because farmers had planted so few potatoes. Half the potato crop of 1848 fell to the blight. Between 1849 and 1852, smaller, localized outbreaks occurred, primarily in the south ! a! >nd west. The blight was not confined to Ireland. The first reports came from Belgium in June 1845. By September it appeared not only in Ireland, but also in parts of England, Scotland, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia. > >______________________________ > > > > ------------------------------------------------------------------------ > > Subject: > Re: [Irish-American] Ireland's Growing Dependence on the Potato > From: > Callatran@aol.com > Date: > Sat, 21 Aug 2004 14:13:06 EDT > To: > IRISH-AMERICAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >The whole time during the Irish famine the British who controlled Ireland >were exporting food of all types from Ireland while the irish citizens were >starving to death in Ireland. Their lands were confiscated and the farmers were >left to die with no food or shelter. > >jc > >

Following is a link to a map which includes the percent of those in each US State who claimed Irish Ancestry on the 2000 US Federal Census: http://www.us-irelandalliance.org/irish-americans.html Eilis O'Hara ________________________________________________________________________ Yahoo! Messenger - Communicate instantly..."Ping" your friends today! Download Messenger Now http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com/download/index.html

The whole time during the Irish famine the British who controlled Ireland were exporting food of all types from Ireland while the irish citizens were starving to death in Ireland. Their lands were confiscated and the farmers were left to die with no food or shelter. jc

In a message dated 08/21/2004 9:19:11 AM Central Daylight Time, naeireann4@yahoo.ie writes: http://www.us-irelandalliance.org/irish-americans.html This is a very interesting website. I got some surprises as to which states had a higher percentage of those claiming Irish heritage. Thanks for the website ifo. Maureen N

SNIPPET: Ireland's agriculture had failed frequently in the century and a half leading up to the Great Hunger. Failures, some leading to significant death tolls, occurred in 1708-09, 1725-29, 1740-41, 1745-46, 1753, 1766, 1769-70, 1772-73, 1782-84, 1795-96, 1800-01, 1817-18, 1821-22, 1830-31, 1835, 1839, and 1842 . The greatest of these occurred in 1740-41, due to extremely cold weather, and produced a famine that killed as many as 400,000 people -- a level proportionate to the Great Famine of 1845-52. Ireland's Great Famine (1845-52) was multifactorial. Ireland's population had doubled from 4,000 in 1800 to over 8,000 in 1845, making it the most densely populated nation in Western Europe. Owing to British colonial policies, the vast majority of the population was so poor that they were dependent upon the potato as their main source of food. Starting in 1845, a mysterious blight destroyed successive potato crops between 1845 and 1852. Lastly - an indifferent British government failed to respond to the crisis, resulting in more than a million deaths and more than a million emigrants. The potato was native to South America, in the region of the Andes. Sir Walter RALEIGH is credited with introducing the potato to Europe, planting them on his lands in Ireland in the 1580s. The potato took hold in Ireland for a number of reasons. The Irish climate is particularly well suited to potato growth. Potatoes will grow almost anywhere -- rocky soil, wet bogs or on hills. They are easy to cultivate and produce high yields -- up to six tons on a single acre of land. Other advantages include their easy preparation (no milling, as with grain), lack of disease (before 1845), and extraordinary nutritional value. This was made clear by the many contemporary accounts of the Irish poor as being exceptionally strong and healthy. Irish males on the eve of the Famine were on average the tallest in Europe, per Edward T. O'DONNELL, in his book, "1001 Things Everyone Should Know About Irish American History." At first the potato was a food enjoyed only by the Irish gentry. But over the course of the 1600s, the British reduced the majority of the Irish people to the status of peasant farmers on small plots of rented land, who in turn devoted increasing acreage to the growth of potatoes that they ate as a supplement to their diet of oats, grains, and dairy products. In the 18th Century, as conditions for the Irish peasants worsened, it became more and more of a staple crop, especially during the winter. On the eve of the Famine, perhaps a many as 60% of the Irish people were solely dependent on the potato as their main source of food. It must be pointed out, however, than on the eve of the Famine potatoes constituted just 20% of Ireland's annual agricultural output. Irish farmers of all ranks grew oats and grains alongside their potatoes. They also raised cows, goats, pigs, and chickens. Peasant farmers, however, ate very little grain, bacon, meat, or eggs. Instead, these p! roducts, along with some potatoes, were sold for cash to pay their rents. Phytophthora infestans ("late blight") was a deadly fungus spread rapidly by spores in air or water. It originated in Mexico, appeared in America in the fall of 1843, and then made its way to Western Europe by way of transatlantic ships. Irish farmers told of it striking overnight, leaving blackened leaves, gooey inedible tubesr and a sickening stench. The first reports of disease among the potatoes of Ireland came from the Botanic Garden in Dublin in August 1845. By September, the blight spread to farms in the northeast, eventually destorying one-third of the potato crop. In 1846, the blight reappeared in June and spread at a rate of 50 miles per week to all 32 Irish counties, destroying almost 90% of the crop. Although the loss of just 30% in 1847 seems small, it was equally devastating because farmers had planted so few potatoes. Half the potato crop of 1848 fell to the blight. Between 1849 and 1852, smaller, localized outbreaks occurred, primarily in the south a! nd west. The blight was not confined to Ireland. The first reports came from Belgium in June 1845. By September it appeared not only in Ireland, but also in parts of England, Scotland, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia.