Dan, If one's interest is not only in checking for names but also in reading about the slaves from Ireland I will mention a book I found at the lending library in the Irish Cultural and Heritage Center in Milwaukee. The Title is To Hell or Barbados, The Ethnic Cleansing of Ireland. It was written by Sean O'Callaghan. It was published in 2000 by Brandon. Mine is a Brandon paperback. "The back covers states: Between 1652 and 1659 over 50,000 Irish men, women and children were transported to Barbados and Virginia. Yet until now there has been no account of what became of them. The author's search began in the library of the Barbados Museum and Historical Society and its files on Irish slaves. Sean O' Callaghan for the first time documents the history of these people: their transportation, the conditions in which they lived on plantations as slaves or servants, and their rebellions in Barbados." Mary Quirk-Thompson [email protected] wrote: Date: Wed, 7 Feb 2007 12:48:29 -0800 (PST) From: dan hogan Subject: [IRISH-AMER] Fwd: Indentured Servants To: [email protected] Cc: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1 >From the County Offaly list. several databases for slaves, I mean indentured servants, from Brittain in the 18th century transported to the New World. Most were Irish, go figure. Here is a link to a searchable databases that may be of interest to someone,,,,,Harold: http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/ Dan Hogan [email protected] --------------------------------- TV dinner still cooling? Check out "Tonight's Picks" on Yahoo! TV.

Very, very interesting, Pat. Interesting to note the official refusal to use the Irish form (i.e., the Mac / Ó form) of these many names (except in only 3 instances), even though these would have been all Irish speakers at this date. The Mac / Ó form had been made illegal in 1608. Much appreciated. Best, - Jerry -----Original Message----- From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Pat Connors Sent: Thursday, February 08, 2007 12:11 PM To: IRISH-AMERICAN Subject: [IRISH-AMER] Oath and List of Disturbed Duplicators from 1797,part 2 I, A.B. do Take Almighty God and his only Son Jesus Christ my Redeemer to Witness that I will be Faithful and Bear True Allegiance to our most Gracious Sovereign Lord King George the Third and him will Defend to the utmost of my power against all Conspiracies and attempts whatever that shall be made against his Person Crown & Dignity and I will to my utmost Endeavours to disclose and make Known to his Majesty & his Heirs all Treasons and Traitorous Conspiracies which may formed against him or Them and I do Faithfully promise to Maintain Support and Defend to the Utmost of my power the Succession of the Crown in his Majesty's family against any person or Persons Whatsoever. So help me God

> > Where can I find the "list" referred to in your e-mail? It took a couple of hours to post to the list and it lost it's formatting but I think you can figure it out. -- Pat Connors, Sacramento CA http://www.connorsgenealogy.com

Pat: Where can I find the "list" referred to in your e-mail? Roger Hatton ----- Original Message ----- From: "Pat Connors" <[email protected]> To: "IRISH-AMERICAN" <[email protected]> Sent: Thursday, February 08, 2007 10:08 AM Subject: [IRISH-AMER] Oath and List of Disturbed Duplicators from 1797,part 1 >I have been asked by Michael Purcell of County Carlow in Ireland to post > this information to the Irish-American list. This is the 1st part. > > the following is the Introduction to the Oath > Introduction by Michael Purcell of Carlow, Ireland to List of able > bodied men from 1798 > Bunbury documents extracted from the Pat Purcell Papers, 2nd February > 2007. > > In 1797 the British Administration in Ireland made a concentrated effort > to break up the "illegal, seditious and evil-disposed organisation known > as the United Irishmen". The previous year ( 1796) two bills were passed > in Parliament "The Indemnity Bill" and "The Insurrection Act" which > increased the powers of the local magistrates. Also in 1796 power was > given to arrest suspected persons and to imprison them for an unlimited > period without charge. Under the Insurrection Act the lord lieutenant, > Lord Camden, was empowered to proclaim any county to be "in a state of > disturbance". In May 1797 the country was placed under Martial Law and > parts of Leinster , including Carlow, were proclaimed as being in a > disturbed state. The magistrates now had power to order searches, > torture, curfew and to sentence "idle and disorderly persons" to serve > in the fleet. Information was sought on illegal assemblies, literature, > posters, arms and strangers seen in any area were to be reported. > In Carlow the magistrates decided to administer an Oath of Allegiance > to King George the Third, as "a Test" under an Act which had been > passed in 1774 . The original Oath of nearly 400 words was tailored > down by Carlow magistrate, Benjamin Bunbury , to a mere 27 words in the > document displayed and transcribed below. The writing is in the hand of > Benjamin Bunbury who travelled about the county from the 21st November > to the 27th November 1797 to collect the "marks" and signatures of 97 > "able bodied" men in an attempt to commit them under sacred Oath to be > loyal to King George the Third and the Laws of his Kingdom. > Most of the men recorded on the List claimed to be unable to write, ( > although this may have been a ploy with the same reasoning that de > Valera adopted 130 years later when in 1927 he declared the Oath of > Allegiance to King George the Fifth an "empty political formula" > because he refused to read the Oath before he signed ?) ( my own > personal hunch !) one way or the other many of those who did subscribe > to Bunbury's List were , we can be sure, already sworn members of the > United Irishmen . It was said that many took the Oath to the United > Irishman with one hand and the "oath" to the King with the other !. they > became known as "The Duplicators" but the reality for many of them was > that their true loyalty was to the United Irishmen. We know this > because out of over twelve hundred names listed many of those named > died during or were executed or deported following the Rising of 1798. > We can see from the Lists that Bunbury called to various farmers > on successive days and it appears that the farmer lined up the men to > take the Oath . Many would have been coerced into signing, > besides under the recently passed Acts of Parliament if they refused > they could be arrested and imprisoned without trial . The zealous > Magistrate Bunbury collected over 400 names altogether between 21st. > November and 29th December 1797. ( On 16th December 1797 a French Fleet > with 15,000 troops sailed for Ireland but due to bad weather the mission > was abandoned ). I hope to publish more of the Lists in the future , > they are an excellent census subtitute for researchers and a tangible > reminder of "distrubed" times in Ireland. > > -- > Pat Connors, Sacramento CA > http://www.connorsgenealogy.com > > > ====Irish American Mailing List===== > Add/check your surname to the Irish-American mailing list Surname Registry > at: http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

I, A.B. do Take Almighty God and his only Son Jesus Christ my Redeemer to Witness that I will be Faithful and Bear True Allegiance to our most Gracious Sovereign Lord King George the Third and him will Defend to the utmost of my power against all Conspiracies and attempts whatever that shall be made against his Person Crown & Dignity and I will to my utmost Endeavours to disclose and make Known to his Majesty & his Heirs all Treasons and Traitorous Conspiracies which may formed against him or Them and I do Faithfully promise to Maintain Support and Defend to the Utmost of my power the Succession of the Crown in his Majesty's family against any person or Persons Whatsoever. So help me God Persons Names His Mark Place of Abode Addition His John X Bambrick Mark Kellystown Cooper 21^st Nov 1797 ^ His Patrick X Querney Mark ^ Staplestown ^ Labourer 22nd Nov 1797 ^ His John X Smith Mark ^ !! ^ !! ^ His William X White Mark ^ !! ^ !! ^ Patrick Kennedy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ David Byrne ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Owen Nolan ^ X ^ Ballymogue ^ !! ^ John Lyons ^ X ^ Templepeter ^ !! ^ James Bolger ^ Moyle ^ Farmer 23rd Nov 1797 ^ Michael Whelan ^ X ^ Moyle ^ Labourer ^ John Headon ^ Kellystown ^ Farmer ^ James Headon ^ Kellystown ^ Farmer ^ John Dowling ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ John Ryan ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ John Lawler ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Farnand O'Gorman ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ John Hollagon ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Dan Whelan ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Garth Doyle ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Gorman ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Edward Eustace ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ James Hughes ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer 24th Nov 1797 ^ John Cullen ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Timothy Hanlan ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ John Hanlan ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ James Maloy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Darby Pendergrass ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Michael Pendergast ^ !! ^ !! ^ James Cantwell ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ John Lawler ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Edward Lawler ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Christopher Hanlan ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Dan Hollagon ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Thomas Cantwell ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Neary ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ ^ Thomas Headon ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ Labourer ^ Michael Lawler ^ X ^ !! ^ 24th Nov 1797 Farmer ^ Thomas Lawler ^ !! ^ !! ^ Denis Kensalla ^ !! ^ !! ^ Patrick Kinsella ^ !! ^ !! ^ Andrew Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ N.P. Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Patrick Byrne ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ Michael Byrne ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ William Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Michael Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Dan Byrne ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Cavanna ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ John Donohoe ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ John Hennessy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ John Macguire ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Kelly ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ Redmond Maher ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ ^ John Byrne ^ X ^ Rathtoa ^ Labourer ^ Andrew Dunn ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ Andrew Boile ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Morris Tallant ^ X ^ Rathtoa ^ Taylor ^ Patrick Cummins ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Michael Charty ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ James Keff ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat Walsh ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Dan Keff ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ John Carthey ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Murty Bulger ^ Moyle ^ Farmer ^ Sam Hollagon ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ Carpenter ^ Owen Nail ^ X ^ Rathtoa ^ Labourer ^ Sam Nail ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Denis Gainor ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Sam Gainor ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Thomas Ryan ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ Pat Poor ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ James Eustace ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Darby Bryan ^ X ^ Moyle ^ Labourer ^ Thomas Cummins ^ Kellystown ^ !! 26th Nov 1797 ^ Edward Timings ^ X ^ Moyle ^ !! ^ Michael Nowlan ^ X ^ Moyle ^ !! ^ Sam Gorman ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ Patrick Kehoe ^ X ^ Ballycrogue ^ !! ^ William Dowling ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ William Nowlan ^ !! ^ Farmer 27th Nov 1797 ^ Abraham Byrne ^ X ^ Ballycurragh ^ !! ^ John Slaughtery ^ X ^ !! ^ Labourer ^ Peter Eustace ^ X ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ William Coughlan ^ X ^ Killcool ^ !! ^ Cornelus Bulger ^ Kellystown ^ !! ^ James Byrne ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Patrick Hallagan ^ Ballycurragh ^ Carpenter ^ William Do—ley ^ Rathtoa ^ Smith ^ Thomas Mulhall ^ X ^ Rathtoa ^ Smith ^ John Mc Evoy ^ X ^ Ballingown ^ Labourer ^ ^ Pat Murrey ^ X ^ Ballycorgue ^ Labourer ^ John Murrey ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Pat McEvoy ^ X ^ !! ^ !! ^ Laurence Cumings ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ Pat Cumings ^ X ^ !! ^ Farmer ^ Pat Lawler ^ X ^ Rathrush ^ !! ^ I certify that the Ninty Seven persons named in this List came before me one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Carlow & took & subscribed the Oath of Allegeance & Declarion prescribed by an Act of Parliament & passed in this Kingdom in the 13th & 14th year of the Reign of his Majesty King George the 3rd entitled an Act to enable his Majesty's Subjects to testify their Allegeance. Moyle, 27th Nov 1797 B. Bunbury -- Pat Connors, Sacramento CA http://www.connorsgenealogy.com

I have been asked by Michael Purcell of County Carlow in Ireland to post this information to the Irish-American list. This is the 1st part. the following is the Introduction to the Oath Introduction by Michael Purcell of Carlow, Ireland to List of able bodied men from 1798 Bunbury documents extracted from the Pat Purcell Papers, 2nd February 2007. In 1797 the British Administration in Ireland made a concentrated effort to break up the "illegal, seditious and evil-disposed organisation known as the United Irishmen". The previous year ( 1796) two bills were passed in Parliament "The Indemnity Bill" and "The Insurrection Act" which increased the powers of the local magistrates. Also in 1796 power was given to arrest suspected persons and to imprison them for an unlimited period without charge. Under the Insurrection Act the lord lieutenant, Lord Camden, was empowered to proclaim any county to be "in a state of disturbance". In May 1797 the country was placed under Martial Law and parts of Leinster , including Carlow, were proclaimed as being in a disturbed state. The magistrates now had power to order searches, torture, curfew and to sentence "idle and disorderly persons" to serve in the fleet. Information was sought on illegal assemblies, literature, posters, arms and strangers seen in any area were to be reported. In Carlow the magistrates decided to administer an Oath of Allegiance to King George the Third, as "a Test" under an Act which had been passed in 1774 . The original Oath of nearly 400 words was tailored down by Carlow magistrate, Benjamin Bunbury , to a mere 27 words in the document displayed and transcribed below. The writing is in the hand of Benjamin Bunbury who travelled about the county from the 21st November to the 27th November 1797 to collect the "marks" and signatures of 97 "able bodied" men in an attempt to commit them under sacred Oath to be loyal to King George the Third and the Laws of his Kingdom. Most of the men recorded on the List claimed to be unable to write, ( although this may have been a ploy with the same reasoning that de Valera adopted 130 years later when in 1927 he declared the Oath of Allegiance to King George the Fifth an "empty political formula" because he refused to read the Oath before he signed ?) ( my own personal hunch !) one way or the other many of those who did subscribe to Bunbury's List were , we can be sure, already sworn members of the United Irishmen . It was said that many took the Oath to the United Irishman with one hand and the "oath" to the King with the other !. they became known as "The Duplicators" but the reality for many of them was that their true loyalty was to the United Irishmen. We know this because out of over twelve hundred names listed many of those named died during or were executed or deported following the Rising of 1798. We can see from the Lists that Bunbury called to various farmers on successive days and it appears that the farmer lined up the men to take the Oath . Many would have been coerced into signing, besides under the recently passed Acts of Parliament if they refused they could be arrested and imprisoned without trial . The zealous Magistrate Bunbury collected over 400 names altogether between 21st. November and 29th December 1797. ( On 16th December 1797 a French Fleet with 15,000 troops sailed for Ireland but due to bad weather the mission was abandoned ). I hope to publish more of the Lists in the future , they are an excellent census subtitute for researchers and a tangible reminder of "distrubed" times in Ireland. -- Pat Connors, Sacramento CA http://www.connorsgenealogy.com

SNIPPET: Historians say that today's Connemara pony is descended from steeds originally brought to Ireland in the 4th century B.C by Celts, who used them to pull chariots. In fact, per article with many charming photos in the March-April 2006 issue of Dublin's "Ireland of the Welcomes" magazine, a French chronicler wrote in 1399, after visiting Ireland with KING RICHARD of ENGLAND, that he witnessed native ponies, "scout the hills and valleys more swiftly than deer." Long ago, the Connemara pony was simply a hard-working farm animal that pulled a plough, carried produce to market and its owner to social gatherings and church in the remote and solitary regions in the West of Ireland. And while the Connemara pony may appear similar to other breeds, they tend to be very different because of their (good-natured) temperament, bone structure (particularly their short, sturdy legs) and ability to survive and thrive in the most rugged conditions imaginable. Bartley O'SULLIVAN, longtime Joint Honorary Secretary of the Connemara Breeders' Society, wrote in a 1939 report, "It is a certainty that no other breed, except wild ponies, would survive the conditions which the Connemara pony has had to contend with. In such surroundings, and under those conditions was evolved the Connemara pony breed as known to us today. It is not difficult to account for the wonderful stamina of the breed when we bear in mind the conditions under which it was evolved. Many ponies, even at this present day, (1939) have never been housed and it is certain that this state of affairs was true to a still greater extent in the past. Lying out in all classes of weather, feeling the force of storms blowing in from the Atlantic, with little shelter save that afforded by rock or cave, relying on the rough herbage about them for food, only animals of the hardiest constitution could have survived."

>From the County Offaly list. several databases for slaves, I mean indentured servants, from Brittain in the 18th century transported to the New World. Most were Irish, go figure. Here is a link to a searchable databases that may be of interest to someone,,,,,Harold: http://www.virtualjamestown.org/indentures/ Dan Hogan [email protected]

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SNIPPET: "On February 8 Daniel O'CONNELL, the great Irish Parliamentary leader, made his last speech in the English House of Commons. Failing in health, O'CONNELL went to Italy. At Rome Pope Pius IX prepared a magnificent reception for him. Before he could reach the Eternal City, O'CONNELL died in his seventy-second year. When the body of O'CONNELL was buried at Glasnevin, it was followed to the grave by 50,000 mourners, among whom Orangemen and Ribbonmen walked side by side. All in shock here !! I didn't even know that the poor man was ill !!!! Stuart

In a message dated 2/6/2007 7:06:45 PM Eastern Standard Time, [email protected] writes: >Does any one know anything about the genealogical records of the Neely's who settled in >West Virginia and Virginia in the 1700's < Rose, Try www.google.com enter something like -- Irish Genealogy in West Virginia, USA in 1700s and you will find many websites. Change WV to V, etc. http://www.surnameweb.org/ http://www.conjure.com/GENE/generes.html Joan

Does any one know anything about the genealogical records of the Neely's who settled in West Virginia and Virginia in the 1700's? Rose Have a nice day.

Many thanks, Jean. I love your snippets because they give us a chance to reflect. And in Daniel O'Connell, my gosh what there is to reflect about. Talk about a controversial figure! So here goes. He won 'Catholic Emancipation' but many would say it was a hollow victory, or more accurately a pyrrhic victory. The 'Catholics' could now vote, but for what? Certainly not for the measures necessary to prevent The Great Hunger. Nor for the significant political advantage he dreamed of. It would still take a long and bitter guerilla war in the succeeding century to win actual self-determination. And then we come to his leadership role (much applauded by the British) in the destruction of Irish culture. Imagine the Czar telling the Russians to speak French when Moscow fell to Napoleon. Imagine de Gaulle, or even the hated traitor Pétain, telling the French to speak la langue des Boches during the Nazi occupation. Imagine Churchill (not one of my heroes by the way, but still, imagine Churchill), or even the disgraced appeaser Neville Chamberlain, calling upon London to switch to German during the Blitz! Imagine 'The Three Hughs' telling the Irish to switch to English!!!!!!! Inconceivable, of course. Yet this fellow, a native Irish-speaker just like just about everybody else on the island before The Great Hunger, this O'Connell fellow used his esteemed position to tell the Irish that they should turn their backs on their own language and culture in order to win 'Catholic Emancipation.' That they should 'become more English than the English themselves.' That they should sacrifice dignity, honor, even identity, in order to beg the mercy of a single inalienable right from their oppressor. HRRRMMMPPPHHHH!!!!!! OR ____________________ !!!!!!! (insert your own emotional expression here) So, let me leave it that this fellow Donncha Ó Conaill (as he was known before he went English) is still a controversial figure in some circles. Either way, many thanks, Jean! Le gach dea-ghuí / Best, - Jerry -----Original Message----- From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Jean R. Sent: Tuesday, February 06, 2007 4:16 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: [IRISH-AMER] Added Note: Derrynane House/Daniel O'CONNELL b.Co. Kerry 1775 - Biography SNIPPET: Daniel O'CONNELL, born in Cahersiveen, Co. Kerry in 1775, was elected in Ennis, Co. Clare, as the first Catholic member of the British Parliament. (See Derrynane House, below). Educated in France at the time when the anti-Catholic penal laws limited schooling for Irish Catholics in Ireland, O'CONNELL witnessed the carnage of the French Revolution. Upon his return to Ireland, he saw more bloodshed during the futile Rebellion of 1798. He chose law as his profession, and reluctantly killed a man who challenged him to a duel. Abhorring violence, he dedicated himself to peacefully gaining equal rights for Catholics in an Ireland dominated by a wealthy Protestant minority. He formed the Catholic Association, with a one-penny-per-month membership fee, and quickly gained a huge following, especially among the poor, with his persuasive speaking skills. Although Catholics were not allowed to hold office, he ran for election to Parliament, anyway, and won a seat in 1828. Unwilling to take the anti-Catholic Oath of Supremacy initially kept him out of Westminster, but the moral force of his victory caused the government to give in and concede Catholic emancipation the following year. Known as "the Liberator," O'CONNELL was making progress toward his next goal of repealing the Act of Union with Britain when the Potato Famine hit in 1845. He died two years later in Genoa on his way to Rome, but his ideals lived on. Derrynane House is the home of O'CONNELL, Ireland's most influential preindependence politician, whose tireless nonviolent agitation gained equality for Catholics 175 years ago. The coastal lands of the O'CONNELL estate that surround Derrynane House are now a national historic park. A visit here is a window onto a man who not only liberated Ireland from the last oppressive anti-Catholic penal laws, but who also developed the idea of a grassroots movement, organizing on a massive scale to achieve political ends without bloodshed. O'CONNELL's turbulent life makes the contents of the house most interesting. In the exhibition room downstairs is a glass case containing the pistols that were used in the famous duel. Beside them are his black gloves, one of which he always wore on his right pistol hand when he went to Mass, out of remorse for the part it played in taking a man's life. The drawing room upstairs is lined with family portraits and his ornately carved chair. On the wall in the upstairs bedroom is a copy of his most famous speech imploring the Irish not to riot when he was arrested. Out back, beside the tearoom, is an enormous grand chariot that carried O'CONNELL through throngs of joyous Dubliners after his release from prison in 1844. He added the small chapel wing to the house in gratitude to God for his prison release. The grounds of the estate are pleasant enough for a 20-minute stroll to the beach and back. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jean R." <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, February 06, 2007 1:05 PM Subject: Re: [IRISH-AMER] Biography -- Death of Daniel O'CONNELL - February8, 1847 - (excerpt, 1906 NY History Book) > SNIPPET: Daniel O'CONNELL (1775-1847) - the Liberator - dominated > Irish politics during the first half of the 19th century. One of the > first Catholics to enter the legal profession in 1798, he became one > of the most successful barristers and the most prominent > politician/hero in Ireland, winning emancipation for the Catholics > thereby giving dignity and self-respect back to the Irish people after > centuries of repression. His campaign to repeal the union between > Ireland and England failed, but stimulated the founding of the Young > Ireland movement. <snip> ====Irish American Mailing List===== Add/check your surname to the Irish-American mailing list Surname Registry at: http://www.connorsgenealogy.com/IrishAmerican/ ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

SNIPPET: Daniel O'CONNELL, born in Cahersiveen, Co. Kerry in 1775, was elected in Ennis, Co. Clare, as the first Catholic member of the British Parliament. (See Derrynane House, below). Educated in France at the time when the anti-Catholic penal laws limited schooling for Irish Catholics in Ireland, O'CONNELL witnessed the carnage of the French Revolution. Upon his return to Ireland, he saw more bloodshed during the futile Rebellion of 1798. He chose law as his profession, and reluctantly killed a man who challenged him to a duel. Abhorring violence, he dedicated himself to peacefully gaining equal rights for Catholics in an Ireland dominated by a wealthy Protestant minority. He formed the Catholic Association, with a one-penny-per-month membership fee, and quickly gained a huge following, especially among the poor, with his persuasive speaking skills. Although Catholics were not allowed to hold office, he ran for election to Parliament, anyway, and won a seat in 1828. Unwilling to take the anti-Catholic Oath of Supremacy initially kept him out of Westminster, but the moral force of his victory caused the government to give in and concede Catholic emancipation the following year. Known as "the Liberator," O'CONNELL was making progress toward his next goal of repealing the Act of Union with Britain when the Potato Famine hit in 1845. He died two years later in Genoa on his way to Rome, but his ideals lived on. Derrynane House is the home of O'CONNELL, Ireland's most influential preindependence politician, whose tireless nonviolent agitation gained equality for Catholics 175 years ago. The coastal lands of the O'CONNELL estate that surround Derrynane House are now a national historic park. A visit here is a window onto a man who not only liberated Ireland from the last oppressive anti-Catholic penal laws, but who also developed the idea of a grassroots movement, organizing on a massive scale to achieve political ends without bloodshed. O'CONNELL's turbulent life makes the contents of the house most interesting. In the exhibition room downstairs is a glass case containing the pistols that were used in the famous duel. Beside them are his black gloves, one of which he always wore on his right pistol hand when he went to Mass, out of remorse for the part it played in taking a man's life. The drawing room upstairs is lined with family portraits and his ornately carved chair. On the wall in the upstairs bedroom is a copy of his most famous speech imploring the Irish not to riot when he was arrested. Out back, beside the tearoom, is an enormous grand chariot that carried O'CONNELL through throngs of joyous Dubliners after his release from prison in 1844. He added the small chapel wing to the house in gratitude to God for his prison release. The grounds of the estate are pleasant enough for a 20-minute stroll to the beach and back. ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jean R." <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, February 06, 2007 1:05 PM Subject: Re: [IRISH-AMER] Biography -- Death of Daniel O'CONNELL - February8, 1847 - (excerpt, 1906 NY History Book) > SNIPPET: Daniel O'CONNELL (1775-1847) - the Liberator - dominated Irish > politics during the first half of the 19th century. One of the first > Catholics to enter the legal profession in 1798, he became one of the most > successful barristers and the most prominent politician/hero in Ireland, > winning emancipation for the Catholics thereby giving dignity and > self-respect back to the Irish people after centuries of repression. His > campaign to repeal the union between Ireland and England failed, but > stimulated the founding of the Young Ireland movement. <snip>

SNIPPET: Daniel O'CONNELL (1775-1847) - the Liberator - dominated Irish politics during the first half of the 19th century. One of the first Catholics to enter the legal profession in 1798, he became one of the most successful barristers and the most prominent politician/hero in Ireland, winning emancipation for the Catholics thereby giving dignity and self-respect back to the Irish people after centuries of repression. His campaign to repeal the union between Ireland and England failed, but stimulated the founding of the Young Ireland movement. The following is from his speech on the floor of the Commons, 1837: "If we were seven millions of mere, dull, uneducated, degraded serfs, a mere mass of helotism, to our seven millions little regard should be paid. Once, indeed, we were sunk by the Penal Code. But a marvellous change has taken place. Men often talk of the great improvement which has taken place in Ireland, and in doing so they refer merely to its external aspect. Its moral one has undergone a still greater alteration. Not only has the plough climbed to the top of the mountain and cultivation pierced the morass, but the mind of Ireland has been reclaimed. You educate our people, and with the education of our people, the continuance of unnatural and unjust institutions is incompatible. But if education has done much, agitation has done more. Public opinion, which before did not exist, has been created in Ireland. The minds of men of all classes have been inlaid with the great principles on which the rights of the majority depended. This salutary influence has ascended to the higher classes, spread among the middle, and descended among the lower. The humblest peasant has been nobly affected by it. Even in the most abject destitution he has begun to acquire a sentiment of self-respect. 'He venerates himself a man.' I remember the time when, if you struck an Irish peasant, he cowered beneath the blow. Strike him now, and the spirit of offended manhood starts up in a breast covered with rags... No sir, we are not what we were. We have caught the intonations of your rhymes. Englishmen, we are too like you to give you leave to keep us down. Nay, in some points we have surpassed you. We are an undecaying and imperishable people." ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jean R." <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, February 06, 2007 12:07 PM Subject: [IRISH-AMER] Death of Daniel O'CONNELL - February 8,1847 - (excerpt, 1906 NY History Book) > SNIPPET: "On February 8 Daniel O'CONNELL, the great Irish Parliamentary > leader, made his last speech in the English House of Commons. <snip>

SNIPPET: "On February 8 Daniel O'CONNELL, the great Irish Parliamentary leader, made his last speech in the English House of Commons. Failing in health, O'CONNELL went to Italy. At Rome Pope Pius IX prepared a magnificent reception for him. Before he could reach the Eternal City, O'CONNELL died in his seventy-second year. When the body of O'CONNELL was buried at Glasnevin, it was followed to the grave by 50,000 mourners, among whom Orangemen and Ribbonmen walked side by side. In England O'CONNELL's death was regarded with a feeling akin to relief. There his persistent demands for "justice for Ireland" had come to be regarded with derision, bringing him the nickname of 'Big Beggarman.' -- "The Nineteenth Century and After ...," Edwin Emerson, Jr. and Marion Mills Miller, Vol. Two, (1906), P. F. Collier & Son, publishers, NY.

I just noticed by magnifying the maps that there are small percentages among the Irish of Y-chromosome type R1a which is most common among Indo-European peoples of the kurgan culture, and also of type J which apparently originated among semitic people of the Middle East. The other more common Middle Eastern type I probably spread with the Gravettian culture which is of Upper Paleolithic times and may have been in Ireland before the Neolithic period. It could be that both R1a and R1b types were common to the ancient Celts of central Europe. One theory is that the Celts were formed by a mix of people who are characterized from stone battle axes found probably related to the Slavic people, and other people characterized by bell shaped beakers probably related to the Basques. Since the two types of DNA are so closely related, it may also be the case that the original kurgan culture comprised both DNA types in some proportions before spreading westward. Michael O'Hearn ____________________________________________________________________________________ Do you Yahoo!? Everyone is raving about the all-new Yahoo! Mail beta. http://new.mail.yahoo.com

Self Catering options Thank you, Becky, for that advice! Barbara