SNIPPET: Per "The Oxford Companion to Irish History," ed. S. J. CONNOLLY: Fishermen from the SE of Ireland began to travel regularly to the rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland from the second half of the 17th century. In the first decades of the 19th century the long-standing connections established by seasonal and temporary migration provided the basis for a wave of permanent emigration. An estimated 30-35 thousand people, drawn overwhelmingly from Waterford and its hinterland, settled in Newfoundland 1800-30, giving its popular culture and spoken English a distinctive flavour.