BANTRY BAY As I'm sitting all alone in the gloaming, It might have been but yesterday, That I watched the fisher sails all homing, Till the little herring fleet at anchor lay; Then the fisher girls with baskets swinging, Came running down the old stone way, Every lassie to her sailor lad was singing A welcome back to Bantry Bay. Then we heard the piper's sweet note tuning, And all the lassies turned to hear, Till it mingled with a soft voice crooning, Till the music floated down the wooden pier; "Save ye kindly, colleens all" -- said the piper, "Hands across and trip it while I play." And a tender sound of song and merry dancing Stole softly over Bantry Bay. As I'm sitting all alone in the gloaming, The shadows of the past draw near, And I see the loving faces round me, That used to glad the old brown pier; Some are gone upon their last long homing, Some are left, but they are old and grey, And we're waiting for the tide in the gloaming, To sail upon the Great Highway. To the Land of Rest Unending -- All peacefully from Bantry Bay. -- James Lyman Molloy (1837-1909), who also wrote "The Kerry Dance." Note, gloaming=twilight.

Hi, Jeanie - "Irish Roots' is on the Internet with subscription information, and they also have back issues and reprints. If you are interested in the O'Leary photo, it is one of those shown in Part 2 of "The Origins of Photography And It's Evolution in Ireland," by John Duggan, in issue #2, year 2000. There were four parts to this very interesting article, which ran in each of the four year 2000 issues of "Irish Roots." The entire article informed the reader about different types of photographs including carte-de-visites or cabinet cards, about the collections held in the National Library of Ireland Photographic Archive, books on photography, and each section of the article includes dozens of names of 19th Century Irish photographers, whether they were amateur or commercial photographers, where and when they were active. 'Irish Roots" magazine published by Belgrave Publications, Cork, and is an in-depth magazine containing interesting articles about particular surnames, history of counties and important individuals, occupations, heraldry, book reviews, news from Ireland, reader's queries, and there is a regular section on Australian genealogy. http://www.iol.ie/~irishrts/ E-mail irishrts@iol.ie Another fine magazine full of interesting history and biographies, excerpts from old diaries and verses, and with stunning colored photos on the cover and on each page is "Ireland of the Welcomes," published in Dublin by Bord Failte, the Irish Tourist Board. It has a particular feature of interest, "Byways Rather Than Highways," by Christopher Moriarty, who suggests particular one-day trips and tells about all the historical sites and how to get there. I love both of these periodicals - they complement each other and you can learn a great deal about Ireland. www.ireland.ofthewelcomes.com E-mail iow@irishtouristboard.ie Jean ----- Original Message ----- From: JeanieG731@aol.com To: jeanrice@cet.com Sent: Sunday, December 16, 2001 11:36 AM Subject: Re: [IGW] Addendum -- Fw: D. O'Leary, Undertaker Could you please tell me How does one get this magazine? Thank you, JeanieG731@AOL.com

You seem to have confused the Griffith's Valuation with the 1901 Irish Census. Which resource? Ellen SOUXIEQ@aol.com wrote: >Does anyone have access to the 1901 Griffith's Valuation for the civil parish >of Drum? The L/R site has no data for that area, so I have no idea where >else to access that info. > >If anyone can help, I'm looking for the CURLEY family: Thomas (62), Hanna >(60), Patrick (27), & Sarah (19). They're listed as living in Crannagh More >in the 1901 Census & Thomas is a farmer. > >Hoping someone can help me! > >~Susan Curley :} > > >==== IrelandGenWeb Mailing List ==== >To contact the list administrator, please send an email to admin-irelandgenweb@rootsweb.com > >

I forgot to say that it appeared in "Irish Roots" magazine issue #2, year 2000. ----- Original Message ----- From: Jean Rice To: IrelandGenWeb-L@rootsweb.com Sent: Sunday, December 16, 2001 11:24 AM Subject: D. O'Leary, Undertaker, 14 Pine St. & Blackpool-Bridge, Cars & Carriages for Hire May be of interest to someone on the list: I note that in #2 issue of "Irish Roots" magazine, there appears an old photograph taken in Cork around the turn of the last century. There is a large white horse about to pull a carriage with two men and a little child, looks to be a little boy. They are well dressed. In the background is a large sign that reads: "D. O'Leary, Undertaker, 14 Pine St. & Blackpool-Bridge, Cars and Carriages for Hire." The name of the photographer does not appear on the photograph nor the date. Per the magazine, the most obvious starting point in identifying the photograph is the name and address on the sign in the background, and Cork City directories could be used to find out when that enterprise was in operation. The style of clothing dates it to approximately 1900. Can anyone verify the address as Cork for me?

May be of interest to someone on the list: I note that in #2 issue of "Irish Roots" magazine, there appears an old photograph taken in Cork around the turn of the last century. There is a large white horse about to pull a carriage with two men and a little child, looks to be a little boy. They are well dressed. In the background is a large sign that reads: "D. O'Leary, Undertaker, 14 Pine St. & Blackpool-Bridge, Cars and Carriages for Hire." The name of the photographer does not appear on the photograph nor the date. Per the magazine, the most obvious starting point in identifying the photograph is the name and address on the sign in the background, and Cork City directories could be used to find out when that enterprise was in operation. The style of clothing dates it to approximately 1900. Can anyone verify the address as Cork for me?

ALONG THE CLADDAGH There were lovely ladies along the Claddagh All taking the air by each garden tree, All taking air in the quiet evening, And none so lovely as my lady. Then I stepped beside her most entertaining, Making fine talk on the rounded sea, "But ah," she said, "you I cannot marry, For a bold Spanish man said bravely to me: "Oh be my lady, and in Limerick laces Your delicate ways shall airly pass, With quiet feet in your blue pampooties And guinea hens on the daisied grass." -- F. R. Higgins: "The Spanish Man" The Claddagh is the district lying across the river from Spanish Arch. It was the old Irish town outside the Norman walls, and until recent times was a picturesque fishing village of thatched cottages and narrow alleyways. The Claddagh Ring remains in popular use. Richard Joyce, a Galway goldsmith who made a chalice which is in Westminster Cathedral, is credited with being the earliest Galway maker of this distinctive item. The design of two hands clasping a heart surmounted by a crown symbolizes trust or plighted troth. It is medieval or earlier in origin but it became closely associated with the Claddagh fishing village where it was used as both a bethrothal and wedding ring. On betrothal the ring was worn with the heart towards the nail and on marriage the crown was nearest the nail. King Henry VIII's Decree for Galway, 1536: "That every inhabitant within our said town endeavoured themselves to speak English, and to use themselves after the English fashion; and specially that you, and everyone of you do put forth your children to school to learn to speak English; and that you fail not to fulfil this our commandments, as you tender our favour, and will avoid our indignation and high displeasure." The Irish language survived, however, and in 1820, a Galway historian wrote: "In the West of Ireland it is a custom rather general amongst the lower orders that females who cannot speak English are not allowed to wear ribbons in their caps. Hence a stranger, on entering a fair or market town, may in general, by this mark, distinguish those women who can speak English from those who cannot. Amongst the Claddagh community this distinction seems to have been scrupulously adhered to." -- Excerpts, "Ireland of the Welcomes"

BIO: Richard Dunscombe Parker (c. 1805-81) was an Anglo-Irish gentleman farmer who lived at Landscape House, Sunday's Well, Cork. In common with many of his kind, he was also an avid sportsman. He was exceptional, however, in that he also painted birds. Influenced by the printed bird-books of Thomas Bewick, John Gould and the great ornithological artist John James Aububon, Parker produced a series of 170 large watercolor paintings of the birds of Ireland between about 1833 and 1868. Parker and his brothers were keen ornithologists as well as sportsmen, and corresponded with the eminent naturalists of the day, in particular William Thompson of Belfast, whose 4-volume "Natural History of Ireland" published about 1850, contains numerous references to Parker. Thompson rated Parker's bird-paintings as high as Gould's and Audubon's prints. Parker never married. The huge book of bird-paintings was passed to his niece Miss Eleanor Parker of Carrigrohane Lodge, Cork, who died ! in 1932. She bequeathed it to the Belfast Museum, now the Ulster Museum. It lay neglected in store until it was re-discovered by museum staff in 1976. On examination, the paintings appeared as fresh as the day they were painted, as they had been completely protected from the light for over a century. The discovery generated great excitement in the Museum, 170 paintings were shown to the public in a major exibition at the Ulster Museum in 1980. "The Birds of Ireland," a large book of 40 color reproductions, was published as a hand-bound limited edition by Blackstaff Press of Belfast in 1984. Splended as the color reproductions were, the sheer size and brillance of Parker's original watercolors was almost overpowering. Parker was also a very able painter of plants and landscape. His corncrake runs through tall grass between buttercup and red heather. While very rarely seen or heard, their call, resembles the grating of the teeth of a comb, is very distinct. His wheat! ear, in summer and winter plumage, stands in a moorland landscape with a lake. It is the earliest of the summer birds, usually making its appearance in the last weeks in March. The habitat of all his birds had been carefully studied. Parker's beautiful peregrine falcons were drawn full-face rather than in profile; peregrine falcons were always admired for their speed and docility, and in medieval times the peregrine was the falcon specially reserved for kings and nobles. -- Excerpts, "Ireland of the Welcomes"

SONG Awake thee, my Bessy, the morning is fair, The breath of young roses is fresh on the air, The sun has long glanced over mountain and lake -- Then awake from thy slumbers, my Bessy, awake. Oh, come whilst the flowers are still wet with the dew -- I'll gather the fairest, my Bessy, for you; The lark poureth forth his sweet strain for thy sake -- Then awake from thy slumbers, my Bessy, awake. The hare from her soft bed of heather hath gone, The coot to the water already hath flown; There is life on the mountain and joy on the lake -- Then awake from thy slumbers, my Bessy, awake. -- J. J. Callanan (1795-1828)

I AM RAFTERY I am Raftery the poet, Full of hope and love, My eyes without sight, My mind without torment, Going west on my journey By the light of my heart, Tired and weary To the end of the road. Behold me now With my back to a wall, Playing music To empty pockets. -- Translation, James Stephens

THE WEARIN' OF THE GREEN O Paddy dear, an' did ye hear the news that's goin' round? The shamrock is by law forbid to grow on Irish ground! No more Saint Patrick's Day we'll keep, his colour can't be seen, For there's a cruel law agin the wearin' o' the Green! I met wid Napper Tandy, and he took me by the hand, And he said, "How's poor ould Ireland, and how does she stand?" She's the most disthressful country that iver yet was seen, For they're hangin' men an' women there for the wearin' o' the Green. And if the colour we must wear is England's cruel Red, Let it remind us of the blood that Ireland has shed; Then pull the shamrock from your hat, and throw it on the sod, And never fear, 'twill take root there, tho' under foot 'tis trod! When law can stop the blades of grass from growin' as they grow, And when the leaves in summer-time their colour dare not show, Then I will change the colour, too, I wear in my caubeen, But till that day, plase God, I'll stick to wearin' o' the Green. But if at last our colour should be torn from Ireland's heart, Her sons with shame and sorrow from the dear old isle will part; I've heard a whisper of a country that lies beyond the sea, Where rich and poor stand equal in the light of freedom's day. O Erin, must we leave you, driven by a tyrant's hand? Must we ask a mother's blessing from a strange and distant land? Where the cruel cross of England shall nevermore be seen And where, please God, we'll live and die still wearin' o' the Green. -- The last stanza of this anonymous, circa 1798 song was added by Dion Boucicault (1822-1890). Napper Tandy was a leader of the "United Irishmen."

Does anyone have access to the 1901 Griffith's Valuation for the civil parish of Drum? The L/R site has no data for that area, so I have no idea where else to access that info. If anyone can help, I'm looking for the CURLEY family: Thomas (62), Hanna (60), Patrick (27), & Sarah (19). They're listed as living in Crannagh More in the 1901 Census & Thomas is a farmer. Hoping someone can help me! ~Susan Curley :}

Mary Ann McGoldrick was born and grew up in the sturdy thatched roof cottage that still sits high on the hillside of Killavoggy, Co. Leitrim, near Drumahair. Her late husband was Michael Morley formerly of Co. Mayo. Mary Ann, who immigrated to the United States, would tell her daughter (Mary) stories about Ireland when she was growing up and often said that "on a clear day, from that hill you can see for miles and miles the green hills and the valleys and the beautiful lakes." The life-style in Killavoggy was rural and simple. Not too far away from the hillside was the small school house she attended and just beyond it the church she worshipped in. To get to the hill from the main road she had to cross an old iron bridge. On Saturday evenings her mother's family, friends and relatives would gather on that bridge to dance and sing to the music of a fiddler. Mary Ann would say, "I often wondered how that old bridge ever stood up with all the dancing that went on there. ! Thank goodness they finally built a new steel one." Mary Ann's own mother had gone to America and lived in the Boston area for eight years; she would later return to Leitrim and marry there, but would often share stories about her time in Boston. In 1916, when Mary Ann was 18, she left Killavoggy in a cart pulled by a donkey, down the narrow dirt roads, past the schoolhouse, the church, and all the other memorable places that she held so close. She boarded the train at Dromahair, and the first stop was at Manorhamilton. She remembers her Uncle Owen, her father's brother, stepping aboard the train briefly and giving her a kiss good-bye. She recalls, "I felt so sad and alone as I waved to him from the train window and I wondered whether I would ever see my mother, father, sister and brothers again." As the train headed for Queenstown, she said she watched from that train window, and saw for the first time much of the Irish landscape that up until that time she had only heard about. In Queenstown she boarded a boat for Liverpool, and from she sailed on the "Carpathia, " for her trip to America. ("The Carpathia" was an English liner that in 1912 became famous as the first ship to reach and rescue some of the passeng! ers from the sinking "Titanic.") After arriving in NY and going through customs, she took another boat for Fall River, MA. From there she left by train for South Station in Boston where her Aunt Bridget and Uncle Mike met her. She lived with Aunt Bridget for six weeks until she got domestic work in the household of a Jewish clothing manufacturer where she lived for five years; she looks back with fondness on the wonderful relationship she had with the manufacturer and his family. Mary Ann and her cousin from Dorchester would go to Hibernian Hall dances where Irish immigrants would gather on weekend evenings. She would later met another Irish immigrant, Mike Morley, from Mayo, and they would be married in a double wedding ceremony; also exchanging vows on that Easter Sunday was Mary Ann's brother, Jack, who had arrived in America a few years after his sister, and his bride, Barbara, from Co. Galway. Mary Ann and Mike bought a house and raised their five children in Ever! ett. In 1954, Mary Ann returned to the land she had loved so much. Her mother was now in her 90th year, her father had died a few years before, and her only sister, Bridget, died in 1918 at age 16 from influenza. Her remaining brother in Ireland, Martin, was still living and they were reunited after all those years. Mary Ann's trip to America in 1916 had taken two weeks, her return trip to Ireland was completed in one day. Her husband was to die in 1963. Mary Ann's daughter says that each generation is linked to the next generation and the generations to come with a wonderful gift of continuity. As she and her mother sat in the kitchen of her Everett home, over tea, Mary reached over and took her mother's frail hand in hers and asked her how she felt now, about her life, looking back over the years. In that wonderful Irish brogue she said, "You know I often think about that hillside. So many things have changed. At times life hasn't been easy, but as hard as it was, sure, and I wouldn't have missed it for anything." -- Excerpts, "My Irish Mother," Mary Morley Armato, 1995 "Leitrim Guardian."

Although her father still called her a girl, Bridie was thirty-six. She was tall and strong; the skin of her fingers and her palms were stained, and harsh to touch. The labour they'd experienced had found its way into them, as though juices had come out of vegetation and pigment out of soil; since childhood she'd torn away the rough scotch grass that grew each spring among her father's mangolds and sugar beet; since childhood she'd harvested potatoes in August, her hands daily rooting in the ground she loosened and turned. Wind had toughened the flesh of her face, sun had browned it; her neck and nose were lean, her lips touched with early wrinkles. But on Saturday nights Bridie forgot the scotch grass and the soil. In different dresses she cycled to the dance-hall, encouraged to make the journey by her father. "Doesn't it do you good, girl?" he'd say, as though he imagined she begrudged herself the pleasure. "Why wouldn't you enjoy yourself?" She'd cook him his tea and then he'd settle down with the wireless, or maybe a Wild West novel. In time, while still she danced, he'd stoke the fire up and hobble his way upstairs to bed. The dance-hall, owned by Mr. Justin Dwyer, was miles from anywhere, a long building by the roadside with treeless boglands all around and a gravel expanse in front of it. On pink pebbled cement its title was painted in an azure blue that matched the depth of the background shade yet stood out well, unfussily proclaiming "The Ballroom of Romance." Above these letters four coloured bulbs -- in red, green, orange and mauve -- were lit at appropriate times, an indication that the evening rendezvous was open for business. Only the facade of the building was pink, the other walls being a more ordinary grey. And inside, except for pink swing-doors, everything was blue. -- William Trevor, from "The Ballroom of Romance and Other Stories," 1972. (I believe the dance hall was located in Co. Leitrim).

"AD 1767 - in the beginning of the month of May - I mention it because as I said, I write from memoranda, an awfully dark night down on Chapelizod and all the country round. I believe there was no moon, and the stars had been quite put out under the "wet blanket of the night," which impenetrable muffler overspread the sky with a funereal darkness. There was a little of that sheet-lightning early in the evening, which betokens sultry weather. The clouds, column after column, came up sullenly over the Dublin mountains, rolling themselves from one horizon to the other into one black dome of vapour, their slow but steady motion contrasting with the awful stillness of the air. There was a weight in the atmosphere, and a sort of undefined menace brooding over the little town, as if unseen crime or danger - some mystery of iniquity - was stealing into the heart of it, and the disapproving heavens scowled a melancholy warning... It was, indeed, a remarkably dark night - a rush a! nd down-pour of rain! The doctor stood just under the porch of the stout brick house - of King William's date, which was then the residence of the worthy rector of Chapelizod - with his great surtout and cape on - his leggings buttoned up - and his capacious leather "overalls" pulled up and strapped over these - and his broad-leafed hat tied down over his wig and ears with a mightly silk kerchief. I dare say he looked absurd enough - but it was the women's doing - who always, upon emergencies, took the doctor's wardrobe in hands. Old Sally, with her kind, mild grave face, and gray locks, stood modestly behind the hall; and pretty Lilias, his only child, gave him her parting kiss, and her last grand charge about his shoes and other exterior toggery, in the porch; and he patted her cheek with a little fond laugh, taking old John Tracy's, the butler's, arm. John carried a handsome horn-lantern, which flashed now on a roadside bush - now on the discoloured battlements of the! bridge - and now on a streaming window. They stept out - there were no umbrellas in those days - splashing among the wide and widening pools; while Sally and Lilias stood in the porch, holding candles for full five minutes after the doctor and his "Jack-o'-the lantern," as he called honest John, whose arm and candle always befriended him in his night excursions, had got round the corner." -- J. Sheridan Le Fanu, "The House By the Churchyard," 1863

WHILE SHEPHERDS WATCHED THEIR FLOCKS BY NIGHT While shepherds watched their flocks by night, All seated on the ground, The angel of the Lord came down, And glory shone around. "Fear not," said he, for mighty dread Had seized their troubled mind; "Glad tidings of great joy I bring To you and all mankind" "To you, in David's town, this day Is born of David's line, The Saviour, who is Christ the Lord, And this shall be the sign." "The heavenly babe you there shall find To human view displayed, All meanly wrapped in swaddling bands, And in a manger laid." Thus spake the seraph; and forthwith Appeared a shining throng Of angels, praising God, who thus Addressed their joyful song: "All glory be to God on high, And to the earth be peace; Good will henceforth from Heaven to men Begin and never cease." -- Nahum Tate (1652-1715)

See list of resources of books, etc. re emigration to Canada and N. America, Famine Ships, Graveyard Inscriptions: Many Irish went to Canada first because of cheaper passage or forced clearing of land by landlords, land offered at a better price, etc., and many ended up in the United States (some crossing the border by foot) for reasons that ranged from feelings of isolation (in some parts of Canada only French was spoken), vivid memories of losing family members upon immigrating and being quarantined in Canada after surviving disease-ridden "coffin ships," a hope of finding a warmer clime, less harsh environment, possibly better opportunities in America and/or to get away from any semblance of English rule. There is a set of books by R. S. J. Clarke, pub. 1966-91, in the National Library of Ireland, Dublin that contain gravestone inscriptions, i. e, Vol. 8 refers to those in BALLEE, Co. Down As I recall, I posted a biographical note about Irish in Georgia on a Rootsweb Message Board, maybe you can find it. . John Grenham's excellent (1999) "Tracing Your Irish Ancestors has several pages re Co. Down resources including books, journals, microfilms. "The Famine Ships," by Edward Laxton is most interesting, but details sailings to USA and Canada during the famine years in particular. Belfast was a port. There is a set of volumes called the Filby volumes at large genealogy libraries with data transcribed by Mr. Filby taken from passenger lists. These are limited to worldwide emigration to Canada and the U. S. and pertain to the latter part of the 18th, all of the 19th, and the early part of the 20th century. Listings are alphabetical by surname but you must check each volume, and there are approximately 10, or so. Each volume published yearly in the 1980s is cross-referenced to the first book which identifies ships, ports, destinations, religious groups, etc. I know that ships sailed from Newry, Co. Down, to St. John's, New Brunswick, including an account of one such voyage circa 07 April 1834, in the book by Peter Murphy, "Together in Exile," published in Nova Scotia, 1991, on pgs. 272-7. There were sailings from Londonderry to St. John, Quebec. Some published works on Irish emigration to Canada include: 1. V. Fromers (article), "Irish Emigrants to Canada in Sussex Archives, 1839-47," outlined in "The Irish Ancestor" (journal?) 1974, pgs. 31-42. This can likely be found in the National Library of Ireland. (Perhaps this author also wrote a book on the subject???) 2. N. F. Davin, "The Irishman in Canada," pub. Shannon 1968. 3. B. S., Elliotts, "Irish Migrants in the Canadas," with particular emphasis on Irish Protestants from Co. Tipperary, pub. McGill, 1988. 4. Leeson, F., "Irish Emigrants to Canada, 1839-47," emphasis on information from the Wyndham estates in Cos. Clare, Limerick and Tipperary. 5. Mannion, J. J., "Irish Settlements in Eastern Canada," pub. Toronto, 1974. 6. "Irish Settlers in North America, " pub. NY, 1852, in the National Library of Ireland, Dublin. 7. O'Driscoll, R. & Reynolds L. (ed.), "The Untold Story: the Irish in Canada," pub. Toronto, 1988 (2 vols.) 8. Article by Brian Trainor, " Sources for the Identification of Emigrants from Ireland to North America in the 19th Century," in the "Ulster Historical & Genealogical Guild Newsletter, Vol. 1, Nos. 2 & 3 (1979), in the National Library of Ireland, Dublin. (He may also have written a book on the subject, check and see). 9. McGee, "Irish Settlers in North America, " pub. NY 1852, National Library of Ireland, Dublin. > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "dondracek" <dondracek@charter.net> > > To: <IRELAND-L@rootsweb.com> > > Sent: Tuesday, December 11, 2001 1:40 PM > > Subject: [IRELAND] Vessels from Belfast > > > > > > > I am curious as to whether immigrants from County Down, Parish of > Ballee, > > > Ireland embarked from Belfast and if they did what vessels were used > > during > > > the period April 1830 - 1832 de-embarking at St. Andrews, NB. From what > I > > > have read, so many could get off in Canada for each 10 sailing on to a > US > > > port. > > > > > > Another question is what other ports could they have embarked from? > > > > > > My g.g. grandparent were married in the Parish of Ballee in 1830, came > to > > > St. Andrews NB, their first child born in St. Andrews Sept. 1832. > > > > > > My grandparents names are ANDREW AND ANNIE (Smith) McGRAW. > > > > > > Don O in Georgia > > > > > > > > ==== IRELAND Mailing List ==== > Visit the Ireland List Homepage: > http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~irelandlist > De nobis fabula narratur, their story is our story > http://irelandgenealogyprojects.rootsweb.com > > ============================== > To join Ancestry.com and access our 1.2 billion online genealogy records, go to: > http://www.ancestry.com/rd/redir.asp?targetid=571&sourceid=1237 > >

I am currently doing some research on my wife's family and has led to George Alexander & Mary Jane Dunlop being married in Londonderry July 3 1896. Sometime after that they immigrated to Nova Scotia. Mary's brother also came to Nova Scotia although it may not have been at the same time. George's father was also George and was a labourer. Mary's father was Joseph Dunlop and a labourer. George & Mary both stated in the marriage notification that they lived in Londonderry, Ireland. Hopefully someone in the list may have knowledge of this couple or know of someone who does. Any information would be much appreciated. Thanks

In 1905, an Irish journalist named Arthur Griffith founded a political organization called Sinn Fein, meaning "We Ourselves." The organization insisted that the Irish be allowed to govern themselves. The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), a secret organization that wanted a completely independent Irish republic, also became active in the early 1900s. Members of the IRB became known as republicans. In spite of opposition from Ulster Protestants, the British Parliament finally passed a home rule bill in 1914. But the outbreak of WWI (1914-18) prevented it from taking effect. Most of the Irish people supported Great Britain during the war. But the republicans, led by Patrick Pearse, believed that the war gave Ireland a chance to gain independence. They began a rebellion in Dublin on Easter Monday, 1916. Fighting raged for a week before British troops defeated the rebels. The British executed 15 republican leaders after the uprising. At first, the Easter Rebellion received little support from Ireland's people. But the executions created great sympathy for the republican movement. In 1918, the republicans gained control of Sinn Fein and won 73 of Ireland's 105 seats in the British Parliament. But instead of going to London to take their seats in Parliament, the new members met in Dublin. They called themselves the Dail Eireann (House of Deputies) and declared all Ireland an independent republic on January 21, 1919. Following the declaration, fighting broke out between the Irish rebels and British forces. In 1920, the British Parliament passed the Government of Ireland act. This act divided Ireland into two separate countries - one consisting of six counties of Ulster (Antrim, Armagh, Derry/Londonderry, Down, Fermanagh & Tyrone) and the other consisting of three counties of Ulster (Cavan, Donegal & Monaghan) and 23 southern counties. Each country was to remain part of Great Britain and have some powers of self-government. The six Ulster counties, which had a Protestant majority, accepted the act and formed the state of Northern Ireland. But the Dail Eireann rejected the act, and southern Ireland began fighting for complete independence. The Irish Republican army (IRA), as the rebels were called, attacked British army installations and government buildings. The British responded with tough special police, who became known as Black and Tans because they wore black-and-tan uniforms. The Black and Tans were apparently extremely cruel in dealing with the rebels and were bitterly hated by the Irish people. Finally, in 1921, Great Britain and the Irish rebels agreed to a treaty that allowed southern Ireland to become a dominion (self-governing country) of Great Britain called the Irish Free State. The Irish people were sharply divided over the treaty that created the Irish Free State. One group, led by Eamon de Valera, wanted complete independence from Great Britain and union with NI. The other group, led by William T. Cosgrave, supported the treaty. In 1922, civil war broke out. But the fighting stopped in 1923, and the two groups formed opposing political parties. De Valera headed the Sinn Fein party, and Cosgave headed the Cumann na Gaedheal party. Cosgrave served as president of the Executive Committee that governed the Irish Free State from 1922 until 1932. His government improved the Irish economy and established close trade relations with Great Britain. In 1925, De Valera resigned from Sinn Fein and founded a new party called Fianna Fail. In the election of 1932, Fianna Fail gained control of the Irish Parliament, and De Valera became president of the Executive Committee. Between 1932 and 1937, De Valera cut most of the ties between the Irish Free State and Great Britain. He did away with the oath of allegiance to the British monarch, which all members of Parliament had breen required to take, and abolished the office of British governor general of Ireland. In 1937, De Valera's government adopted a new constitution that describe Ireland as a "sovereign, independent, democratic state." The constituion also reorganized the government, establishing the prime minister as head of government and the president as head of state. De Valera became prime minister. The Irish Free State remained neutral during WII (1939-1945) but thousands of Irishmen joined the British armed forces, some because of joblessness. In 1947, John A. Costello, the leader of the Fine Gael (formerly Cumann na nGaedheal) party, succeeded de Valera a prime minister of Ireland. On April 18, 1949, Costello's government cut all Ireland's ties with Great Britain and declared the country an independent republic. Ireland joined the United Nations in 1955. Finann Fail and de Valera returned to power in 1951, lost to Fine Gael and Costello in 1954, and then returned again in 1957. In 1959, de Valera resigned as prime minister and was elected president. Fianna Fail kept control of Parlaiment and Sean Lemass was appointed prime minister. Lemass retired in 1966, and John M. Lynch became prime minister. Lynch was reappointed following elections in 1959. Many people in Ireland and many Catholics in Northern Ireland still want their two countries reunited. After Northern Ireland became a separate country in 1920, armed bands from Ireland often raided Northern Ireland. The raids continued until 1962. In 1970, Ireland began negotiating for membership in the European Community, also called the European Common Market. By joining the organization, which promotes free trade among its member nations, Ireland hoped to expand its economy. Don - (See his post below, can anyone assist him?) - Many Irish went to Canada first because of cheaper passage or forced clearing of land by landlords, land offered at a better price, etc., but many ended up in the United States (some crossing the border by foot) for reasons that ranged from feelings of isolation (in some parts of Canada only French was spoken), vivid memories of losing family members upon immigrating and being quarantined in Canada after surviving disease-ridden "coffin ships," a hope of finding a warmer clime, less harsh environment, possibly better opportunities in America and/or to get away from any semblance of English rule. ---- Original Message ----- > From: "dondracek" <dondracek@charter.net> > To: <IRELAND-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Tuesday, December 11, 2001 1:40 PM > Subject: [IRELAND] Vessels from Belfast > > > > I am curious ....if immigrants from County Down, Parish of Ballee, > > Ireland embarked from Belfast .... what vessels were used .... > April 1830 - 1832 > > ....what other ports could they have embarked from? > > My g.g. grandparents married in Parish of Ballee in 1830, came to > > St. Andrews NB, first child born in St. Andrews Sept. 1832. > > My grandparents names are ANDREW AND ANNIE (Smith) McGRAW. > > > > Don O in Georgia > > > > >

Some Irish History: James I, who followed Elizabeth as a ruler of England in 1603, tried to prevent further revolts (such as those by the O'Neills of Tyrone) by continuing the "plantation" of Ireland by seizing land in Ulster and giving it to English and Scottish Protestants, creating the Protestant majority that still exists in Northern Ireland. There were also plantations in other parts of the country. As a result, Roman Catholics throughout Ireland feared that they would lose their land. The Catholics also feared that the Puritans, who were gaining power in England, would persecute them. In 1641, the Irish began to revolt against England. Oliver Cromwell, who had become the Puritan ruler of England, finally crushed the revolt in 1649. Cromwell then gave even more land to Protestant Englishmen and deprived the Catholics of many political rights. James II, a Roman Catholic, became king of England in 1685. He abolished many of the anti-Catholic laws that earlier rules had established. But in 1688, the English people, most of whom were Protestants, forced James to give up the throne. William II, a Protestant, then became king. James II went to Ireland and organized an army to fight the English. But Protestants in Ulster supported William and helped the English defeat James in the Battle of the Boyne, northwest of Dublin, in 1690. Following William's victory, an additional million acres were taken from Irish Catholics. By 1704, Catholics held only about a seventh of the land in Ireland. In addition, Catholics were forbidden to purchase, inherit, or even rent land. They were also excluded from the Irish Parliament and the army and were restricted in their rights to practice Catholicism. During the 1700s, the British kept tight control over Ireland and limited the powers of the Irish Parliament. Many Irish Protestants objected to the restrictions, and Parliament, led by Henry Grattan, demanded legislative freedom. Great Britain met the demands in 1782, and the all-Protestant Irish Parliament ruled the country for the next 18 years. Parliament restored to Catholics their rights to hold land and lifted the restrictions on their religious rights. But it refused to give them any political rights. Some Protestants in Parliament tried to gain more rights for Catholics. After their attempts failed, they formed a group called the United Irishmen. At first, this group sought equal rights for all Irishmen. Later, it demanded complete independence for Ireland from British rule. In 1798, the United Irishmen staged and unsuccessful rebellion. After the rebellion, the British prime minister, William Pitt, persuaded the British and Irish parliaments to pass the act of Union. Under the act,which went into effect in 1801, Ireland officially beame part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Irish Parliament was then ended, and Ireland sent representatives to the British Parliament. In 1829, Daniel O'Connell, an Irish Catholic leader, helped Catholics win the right ot serve in the British Parliament and to hold other public offices. The rights to a piece of land meant the difference between life and death in Ireland in the early 1800s. The population was exploding, and with hundreds of thousands without work, entire familie managed to exist on a section no bigger than half an acre, growing nothing more than row after row of potatoes. If they were lucky, they might have enough land to raise a pig each year, to slaughter, salt and eat through the worst of the winter months. They might go hungry for a few weeks at the end of the summer, when the previous season's potatoes were no longer edible. There were famine years before the blight struck in the 1840s and the English rulers were well aware of the problems arising out of the economic structure they had forced on the Irish. During the first 45 year of the 1800s at least 150 committees and commissions of inquiry were appointed by the British Parliament, reports were made on the State of Ireland, but nothing happened. During the early 1800s, Ireland's economy declined and about half the people lived on small farms that produced little income. Others leased land on estates and had to pay high rents to landlords. Because of their poverty, most of the Irish people depended on potatoes for food, but from 1845 to 1847, Ireland's potato crop failed because of a plant disease. About 750,000 persons died of starvation or disease, and hundreds of thousands more left the country.The British government, under pressure from various Irish groups, gradually passed laws to help the Irish. These laws protected tenants' rights and established fair rents. Later laws provided financial help so that tenants could buy land from their landlords. During the late 1800s, some Irishmen began to demand home rule for their country. Under home rule, Ireland would have remained part of Great Britain but would have its own parliament for domestic affairs. The British Liberal Party favored the plan. But Protestants in Ulster opposed it because they feared a Catholic parliament. The British Parliament defeated home rule bills in 1886 and 1892. (Section 2 follows.)

Dear Jean, you are such a wealth of information!! Merry Christmas, everyone. susan in salem, oregon ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jean Rice" <jeanrice@cet.com> To: <IrelandGenWeb-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Thursday, December 13, 2001 12:55 PM Subject: [IGW] Re: Smith, McGraw - St. Albans Border-Crossing records, Filby records > Hi, Don, Be sure and check the Filby volumes at your local genealogy > library. Mr. Filby transcribed data from hundreds of passenger lists of > emigrants worldwide whose destination was the USA or Canada and vicinity > between roughly 1795 and early 1900s. Another idea for Canadian/USA > research: > If they or their children crossed the Canadian/USA border at any point along > the border during the time period of 1895 and circa 1923/24 there would be > good information on them on the St. Albans, VT emigration/immigration > border-crossing records. The films are soundexed so that all people with > the same surname (and similar) who crossed the border during that whole time > period can be found on one microfilm, two at the most, depending on how > common the surname is. In the case of two films, for example, those with a > given name that start with A, B, C, for example would be on the first film > containing that surname, while those whose given name began with a letter > toward the end of the alphabet would be on the second film. Although the > records were stored in Vermont they cover crossings back and forth AT ANY > POINT along the border. To my great surprise, I found my father and other > family members several times on these records.. He had emigrated from > Liverpool on a steamer owned by the Canadian Pacific Railway but got off in > Quebec City, Canada and immediately transferred to a CPR train. He traveled > across Canada, entering at Blaine, WA. Later, my dad worked in the USA and > Canada both, each time he crossed as an "alien" new data was obtained. To > my delight, I found other family members (dad's mom and siblings) who used > the same route for visits back to visit Liverpool, first crossing the border > and leaving for England from Canada. In fact, that is how I found out two > of dad's little brothers crossed the Atlantic alone just three months before > the Titanic sank! From the St. Albans films I discovered that they left > Liverpool on the ship "Empress of Ireland" from Liverpool to visit uncles in > the USA. I would never have found this out had I not investigated these > border-crossing films. Prior to that, I had no idea that there was a > Canada-connection to their Liverpool to the USA destinations. These St. > Albans border-crossing microfilms can be found at your local LDS (Mormon) > Family History and at branches of your national archive. The soundex film > is (M1461). I can't begin to tell you how valuable these films are. Not > only do they give traveler and companion information (date of birth, county > of birth, parents information, etc.) but they give names and addresses of > relatives in the "old" country and those at the "intended destination" They > also describe the travelers - hair & eye color, height, weight, identifying > scars, health. Best of all, they name the ship, date, and port (if there > was one involved in their travels) which will lead you to another set of > films (M1464) that contain the actual ships' manifests. Unless you know > exactly when and where they arrived by ship, you will need to view film > M1461 first. To find the films easily at the LDS FHC enter this number > (1472801) in their FHC Catalogue CD program in the film number field. It > will bring up all the information you need, and a volunteer will assist you. > I have seen New Brunswick information on these films. Have you sent away for > his military records? Another wonderful resource is the USA county > historical society in the county in which he lived, married, died. Ask them > to help you obtain family records such as wills and marriage applications > for a donation to their society and subscribe to their wonderful periodical > with history of the county and its early families. ---- Original > Message ----- > From: "dondracek" <dondracek@charter.net> > To: <jeanrice@cet.com> > Sent: Thursday, December 13, 2001 6:36 AM > Subject: re: Smith, McGraw> Just want to let you know that I did receive > your e-mail strictly as text mail, no attachment. > > Thanks for the information, very interesting. I still would like to find > out exactly where Andrew and Annie lived, married, and left Ireland for St. > Andrews NB. They had 8 children in St. Andrews before moving to Calais ME, > where the ninth one was born.Andrew, and three sons enlisted in the 9th Inf. > Reg. ME. Andrew died in SC.Andrew Jr. was wounded (he is my great > grandfather), Barnard was a prisoner, and Thomas evidently came out of it > okay. Barnard and Andrew moved after marrying in ME, to Minneapolis MN.I am > originally from Minnesota, married a Georgian, living in Watkinsville, GA. I > am a retired military and a retired educator (college professor and > administrator)Appreciate anything you can do to help me. Don Ondracek > > > > ==== IrelandGenWeb Mailing List ==== > This list is sponsored by the IrelandGenWeb Project - http://www.irelandgenweb.com > > >