THE FAIR-HAIRED GIRL The sun has set, the stars are still, The red moon hides behind the hill; The tide has left the brown beach bare, The birds have fled the upper air; Upon her branch the lone cuckoo Is chanting still her sad adieu; And you, my fair-haired girl, must go Across the salt sea under woe! I through love have learned three things, Sorrow, sin, and death it brings; Yet day by day my heart within Dares shame and sorrow, death and sin: Maiden, you have aimed the dart Rankling in my ruined heart: Maiden, may the God above Grant you grace to grant me love! Sweeter than the viol's string, And the notes that blackbirds sing; Brighter than the dewdrops rare Is the maiden wondrous fair: Like the silver swans at play Is her neck, as bright as day! Woe to me, that e'er my sight Dwelt on charms so deadly bright! -- Anonymous (18th century), translated by Samuel Ferguson.

OUTSIDE A COTTAGE They allow themselves to be strangers. Here is somewhere else for them; They hunt for images to take back To perfectly ordered cupboards In Germany or the States Proud to have captured Something authentic of the place. When the bus drops them The cameras come out To snap the cottage ruin Rimmed against the black desert Of bog and overgrown mountains With the bones out through them. They shoot the ruin not sensing How the image is a frontier Imprinted with the presence Of the ones who laboured here, The stones warm with breath >From the time a tourist was a wonder. These will never know how it was To live here and know nowhere else To wake up inside this house once And come out at dawn to discover Gifts left by the door in the night A shivering lake between flowering granite And this line of new, blue mountains. A DEAD LOSS Don't ask me to walk here These mountains come too near Something desperate in the mind. In this light, blue and high, They pretend to be horizons Raising the affections of the eye. But in their secret cloister They hold every voice captive Offering from all that loss no echo. -- John O'DONOHUE,author of a collection of poetry, "Echoes of Memory," and best-selling publications, "Anam Cara," "Eternal Echoes," lives in a quiet glen in Connemara.

SNIPPET: In the tragic story of Grosse Isle, many of the medical staff became ill and died while taking care of passengers from Ireland with typhus and scarlet fever. Grosse Isle, an island three miles long and about a mile wide, lies 30 miles to the east and down river from Quebec. It was first used as a quarantine center 15 years earlier when a cholera epidemic struck European emigrants. A huge increase in Canadian emigration was seen after the introduction of the Poor Laws in Ireland in 1838, which meant that every landlord's rates were assessed on the value of his estate and he was also responsible for paying rates for every one of his tenants with land worth less than 4 pounds. That involved many thousands, and after years of Famine many millions of impoverished and sickly tenants had to be dealt with. It did not matter to the tax collectors whether a landlord's tenants were unable to pay their rents, the landlord was still required to pay the rates, a proportion of which maintained the local workhouses where the destitute were admitted when they had absolutely no other means of supporting themselves; during this period even the workhouses were facing bankruptcy. For the landlords, fewer tenants meant a lower potential income but it also meant lower rates. The answer was to clear the estates. Paying the Atlantic fares was much cheaper than paying too much towards the workhouse, and the passage to Canada was far cheaper than to America. Many Irish left from Liverpool. In his reports, Dr. George Douglas, Grosse Isle, described the "Naomi" from Liverpool in 1847 as a "plague-ship," with its "filth and dirt in the hold creating an effluvium as to make it difficult to breathe." A passenger about the "Naomi" was six-year-old Daniel Kelly, one of the 600 orphans that were eventually adopted by local families living around Quebec, genealogists only being able to trace the descendants of just two of them, per author Ms. O'Gallagher. Daniel's father, Bernard Kelly, died in Ireland shortly before his intended departure for Canada, so his wife Mary emigrated with his brother, (Daniel's uncle), having left their village of Lissenduffy in Co. Roscommon. Daniel's uncle died on the voyage and his mother in the island's quarantine centre. A childless couple, Francis Tighe and his wife farmed outside the village of St. Croix de Lotbiniere, 30 miles west of Quebec City. They were French Canadians in their mid-50s, and they adopted Daniel Kelly and gave him their family name, raising him as their son. When Daniel Tighe was 28, his adoptive parents swore a will with the local notary and he was granted title to the farm where he grew up. In later years the family name was changed from Tighe to Tye, and Daniel married, raised a family, and eventually Daniel's grandchild was born, Leo Tye. All three generations lived together in the family farmhouse. Leo, who is now well into his 80s and speaks only French remembers his grandfather Daniel and a few of the stories he told with sketchy details of surviving as a Famine emigrant. Perhaps you can locate a copy of Marianna O'Gallagher's book, "Gateway to Canada." Edward Laxton's book, "The Famine Ships," contains fascinating descriptions of famine-era passengers' often harrowing voyages.

Worth repeating -- For extensive data on worldwide immigration to North America (USA/Canada) look for the 15+ volume set "Passenger and Immigration Lists 1538-1900," Detroit/Gale Research (1981- ) at your local genealogical library. Entries for this ongoing series were painstakingly extracted on a source-by-source basis from ship passenger lists, etc. Material is alphabetical by surname, and you will need to check each volume for your ancestor's name. Mr. FILBY also produced reference books specifically dealing with Italian and German immigration to the United States. Broderbund/Banner Blue (www.genealogy.com) has issued the first 15 volumes of "PILI"on a single CD (item number 354). Click on Shop/Data on CD ROM. I believe this data is available at that website by subscription, as well.

SNIPPET: Per the 2004 issue of the yearly "Leitrim Guardian" magazine -- "Maureen Mulvey O'LEARY had a dream. So did her father, Tom. Maureen's dream was to teach Irish dancing lessons for a living. Tom's dream was to go back to Ireland open up his own pub. Through hard work and determination they both made their dreams come true. Maureen, the eldest of Tom and Anne MULVEY's seven children grew up in Toronto. When she was young her family moved back to Leitrim where Tom had been born and raised and opened MULVEY's pub. Maureen became very involved in Comhaltas Eireann in her hometown, Drumshanbo. Although she was only a teenager she managed to attend and dance at all the meetings and sessions. She recalls - 'The sessions were held in a different pub each month and even though I was a publican's daughter I still went to whatever pub the session was in and often worked behind their counter to give them a hand if it got busy,' . In 1974 at age 19, Maureen returned to Toronto. 'I started teaching the dancing. I was on the committee of the Irish Centre branch, which is now the Sean Gorman branch. I am currently the Membership Chairperson of the branch. I am also on the Canadian Regional Board and am the Public Relations Officer. I love all that do with Comhaltas.' In 1984 Maureen married Desmond O'LEARY from Wexford. 'Once my daughter Colleen was born it helped me to settle here in Canada.' Before long I was giving workshops in Kingston and Guelph, then Montreal, Ottawa, Nova Scotia, San Francisco, Washington, etc.' People of every nationality attend Maureen's ceilis. The average age is mid-30s. 'Last year I gave a workshop back home at the Joe MOONEY Summer school (Drumshanbo). On asking what her greatest accomplishment was she answered, 'Colleen.' She, like her mother and grandmother before her is now an accomplished step dancer. By making her dream of becoming an Irish dancing instructor come true, Maureen (Mulvey) O'LEARY has been instrumental in creating Irish communities throughout North America where none had existed before. Maureen has not gone unrecognized in the Irish community in Toronto. In November 2002, she was nominated into the Canadian Comhaltas Hall of Fame in recognition of a lifetime of service and dedication to the Irish culture and community. She received an award from the Irish Canadian Aid and Cultural Society for the extensive work she has done in the community. In 1976, the Four Provinces Club recognized her outstanding contribution to their first Annual Gaelic Festival. The St. Patrick's Day Parade Association gave her an award for her participation as Chair of the Leitrim Association in the St. Patrick's Day Parade Society in Toronto. The City of Toronto recognized her participation in Irish dancing at an international Folk Festival."

SNIPPET: If your Scottish or Irish ancestors migrated to America in the 19th century, there is a good chance that they did not come directly from the British Isles, but from Canada. They may have first crossed the Atlantic as members of a government-sponsored settlement group. Two such groups settled in the Ottawa Valley in the 1820s. Several thousand Scots, known collectively as the Lanark Society Settlers, came there in 1820 and 1821, while Irish immigrants, the Peter Robinson Settlers, arrived in 1823 and 1825. Many of them settled in the same part of Upper Canada. Although there was no previous connection between the two groups, their reasons for migrating were similar - poverty and unemployment headed the list. In the case of the Irish, those ills were compounded by religious discrimination. Although many of the harsh penal laws which restricted the rights of Roman Catholics and some Protestant groups had been rescinded, some were still in effect until 1829. After the Napoleonic Wars, there was widespread economic distress in the British Isles. This ended in 1815, but when prices fell as cheap grain, meat, and consumer goods were imported from abroad, it negatively affected the livelihood of farm laborers and craftsmen. Thousands of discharged war veterans also swelled the ranks of the unemployed. In Scotland the weavers were hit particularly hard; the demand for army blankets and uniforms had dwindled, and other woolen goods became a glut on the market because people had less purchasing power. Ireland's woes were compounded by a failure of the potato crop caused by a disease known as potato curl (different from the fungus responsible for the terrible famine years of the 1840s), in 1821; this was a disaster in a country where poorer classes subsisted on potatoes and buttermilk. The British government was under pressure to do something to alleviate the situation. Emigration seemed to be the answer, provided sufficient inducement could be offered to make it attractive to people who had seldom traveled more than a few miles from home The emigration solution proposed by the British government was not entirely altruistic. The 1812 War between the U. S. and the Canadas had been concluded by treaty in 1814, but there was a lingering fear that hostilities could break out again. For some years afterward the British Army had manned forts and garrisons in Upper and Lower Canada, but they were too costly to maintain. The plan was to replace them with settlements filled with men loyal to the Crown, who could form militia units to be called into service in case of need. In Scotland, hundreds of families, many of them unemployed weavers, formed themselves into more than 40 emigration societies preparing to move to Upper Canada. Some were from Glasgow, others from the surrounding countryside. Few of the weavers had worked in factories; most had worked in their own homes, using rented looms. In Canada, these families were known as "the Lanark Society Settlers," although there was no emigration society of that name. That was a blanket terms for members of emigration societies who settled at New Lanark. The actual groups had many different names, such as Springbank, Muslin Street, Glasgow Union Wrights, and the Lesmahagow Society. Each adult male was allocated 100 acres of land which he could own outright for a registration fee of ten pounds and after performing set duties, including clearing a certain acreage of land and building a dwelling house. Tools, seeds, and basic household goods were supplied, and each family received a financial loan in several installments. This money had to be spent in specified ways and was meant to be repaid later. Many of these loans were eventually forgiven because it was years before profits were able to be made from the land. Cost of the transatlantic passage was three pounds for an adult, less for a child, but only a few of the emigrants could afford to pay their own way. Others were asisted by funds raised by public subscription. The first group of families left in 1820, traveling on the ships, "Commerce," "Prompt" and "Brock." Others followed in 1821, on the the "Commerce, " "David of London," Earl of Buckinghamshire," and "George Canning." After a gruelling march from Quebec City, traveling by boat, wagon, and on foot, they were given land in the adjoining townships of Dalhousie, Lanark, North Sherbrooke, and Ramsay, in what is now Lanark County, a short distance from Ottawa. Meanwhile, a response was sent from Britain's Dept. of Colonial Affarirs to Sir John Beverly ROBINSON, Attny. Gen. for Upper Canada, asking him to find a knowledgeable person to travel to Ireland to recruit families there. Sir John chose his brother, Peter ROBINSON, a member of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada representing York (now Toronto). Robinson went to the south of Ireland, where he set up recruiting stations with the assistance of the local magistrates and clergy. While the scheme was meant for the relief of the poor, a handful of tradespeople, such as blacksmiths, carpenters, shoemakers, and coopers, were included as being necessary to the backwoods settlements. Only people of "good character" were offered the chance to participate, but it was later discovered that a few men of dubious reputation were given glowing reference by magistrates who saw this as a great way to rid their districts of notorious troublemakers. Once ROBINSON had allayed the fears of the people, the response was enormous. For those who were struggling, the prospect of 100 acres of free land for every male over 19 was overwhelming. Free passage, free rations for a year, tools, and basic household goods provided a further inducement. In the spring of 1823, the first group of settlers left Cork Harbor for a two-month voyage on board the ships "Hebe" and "Stakesby." Some of his people found land in Lanark and Ramsay, while others located in the nearby townships of Beckwith, Pakenham, Huntley, and Goulbourn. The last two were later incorporated into Carleton Co. Two years later ROBINSON returned to Ireland and brought out a much larger group, traveling on the ships "Albion," "Amity," Brunswick, " "Elizabeth, " "Fortitude," "John Barry," "Regulus," "Resolution," and "Star.O" Most were taken to a group of townships in another part of Ontario, surrounding the town of Peterborough, which they named in ROBINSON's honor. Many of the families who came as Lanark Society and Peter Robinson settlers were joined by relatives as time went on, although these later arrivals had to pay their own way. Additional Scots came in the 1820s and 1830's, while the great Famine of the 1840's brought numerous people from Ireland. . Ninety percent of the Peter Robinson settlers were Roman Catholic, while the Scots were primarily Presbyterian. During the 19th century, a large number of these new Canadians migrated to the U.S. -- Excerpts, Carol McCuaig's article, "Ancestry" magazine Sept/Oct 1996

Some Regional Naming Practices were: Austin (for Augustine) was common in the Catholic peasantry in Connaught but was uncommon elsewhere. Bernard and Sylvester in Cavan Dominick was common amongst Catholics in Mayo and Galway Hyacinth in Galway Ignatius and Xaverius were common amongst Catholics in Mayo and Galway Florence was used as a boys name amongst the Catholics in Cork Jasper and Horatio had a vogue in Cork Lancelot in Monaghan Lettice was widespread amongst Protestant families in Cavan. Moses, usually a name used by Protestants was a popular Catholic name in Wexford. Catholics in 19thC sometimes gave male children second name of Mary or Maria, and even rarely Anne.

SNIPPET: Readers of Dublin's "Ireland of the Welcomes" magazine shared their feelings about the Emerald Isle in the Jan-Feb 2007 issue: Barbara PEPPO, Westfield, IL: "I am now 75 years young. I do not expect to ever reach your shores and the home of my ancestors on both sides of the family (who hailed from Kinsale and Dublin). However, your wonderful magazine takes me back each time I read it. I can almost taste and smell the wonderful rocky cliffs and moss. I still long to go, but as long as your magazine keeps coming, at least for a while I can pretend I am there ..." Don and Emma ELLIS, of St. Albans, WV: "Emma and I have subscribed to IOTW for several years. When we first visited Ireland with the Friendship Force, Michael and Sheila BYRNE were our hosts. More recently we spent 21 days in Ireland in 2004, using your 'Byways Rather than Highways' section of your magazine as our guide, travelling along the minor roads where the scenery was fantastic. Your articles gave us directions and a sense of anticipation to the 'back roads' Ireland. We were able to see the Ireland we remembered from our first visit there in 1981. The bed and breakfast facilities were great, and the proprietors were most helpful in advising us on what to see in each area we visited. We began our trip by basing ourselves in Swords and travelling around the north and northwest, then we moved to a new base southwest of Dublin. Then we began our trek of the perimeter of Ireland, culminating in Buncrana, Co. Donegal. Emma's father had been on a ship which was torpedoed off the north coast during WW-I, and they were picked up and brought to Buncrana. The train station from which he was carried back with his surviving Company was still standing, although it is now used as a restaurant and pub. The local library still has copies of the newspapers published at the time of his ship sinking. Keep the articles coming."

JUNE Broom out the floor now, lay the fender by, And plant this bee-sucked bough of woodbine there, And let the window down. The butterfly Floats in upon the sunbeam, and the fair Tanned face of June, the nomad gipsy, laughs Above her widespread wares, the while she tells The farmers' fortunes in the fields, and quaffs The water from the spider-peopled wells. The hedges are all drowned in green grass seas, And bobbing poppies, flare like Elmo's light, While siren-like the pollen-stained bees Drone in the clover depths. And up the height The cuckoo's voice is hoarse and broke with joy. And on the lowland crops the crows make raid, Nor fear the clappers of the farmer's boy, Who sleeps, like drunken Noah, in the shade. And loop this red rose in that hazel ring That snares your little ear, for June is short And we must joy in it and dance and sing, And from her bounty draw her rosy worth. Ay! soon the swallows will be flying south, The wind wheel north to gather in the snow, Even the roses spilt on youth's red mouth Will soon blow down the road all roses go. -- Francis Ledwidge was born in Slane, Co. Meath. He was a farm labourer and, later, secretary of the local farm labourer's union. Lord Dunsany encouraged him in his early writing and also, it would seem, into joining Dunsany's own regiment in the First World War. Ledwidge was killed in Belgium.

SNIPPET: Oliver GOLDSMITH of Longford was a physician turned prolific writer, editor, and poet. His essay on Turlough CAROLAN (1670-1738) is said to be the earliest mention of the blind harpist. Per the author -- "Of all the bards this country ever produced, the last and the greatest was Carolan the blind. He was at once a poet, a musician, a composer, and sung his own verses to his harp. The original natives never mention his name without rapture; both his poetry and music they have by heart; and even some of the English themselves who have been transplanted here, find his music extremely pleasing .... Whenever any of the original natives of distinction were assembled at feasting or revelling, Carolan was generally there, where he was always ready with his harp, to celebrate their praises. He seemed by nature formed for his profession; for as he was born blind, so also he possessed of a most astonishing memory, and a facetious turn of thinking, which gave his entertainers infinite satisfaction. Being once at the house of an Irish nobleman, where there was a musician present, who was eminent in the profession, Carolan immediately challenged him to a trial of skill. To carry the jest forward, his lordship persuaded the musician to accept the challenge, and he accordingly played over on his fiddle the fifth concerto of Vivialdi. Carolan, immediately taking his harp, played over the whole piece after him, without missing a note, though he had never heard it before: which produced some surprise but their astonishment increased, when he assured them he could make a concerto in the same taste himself, which he instantly composed, and that with such spirit and elegance, that it may compare (for we have it still) with the finest compositions of Italy ... " A painting by Francis BINDON, "Carolan the Harper, oil on copper, 18th century, can be found in the National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin.

SNIPPET: Turlough O'CAROLAN, a blind, itinerant musician spent most of his lifetime visiting the gentry in the ancient province of Connach. Although based in the Cos. Roscommon and Leitrim, he was also a frequent traveller to Sligo, Longford, Galway and Westmeath. At a time when Irish life was bleak, he brought music and news to an otherwise entertainment-starved society and was held in high esteem by the Irish aristocracy. O'CAROLAN, known as "the last of the Irish Bards," was born in Nobber, Co. Meath in 1671, but for much of his early life he resided at Alderford estate near the village of Ballyfarnon in Roscommon. Alderford was the home of his primary patrons, the MacDERMOTT ROE family who had him trained as a harper after he lost his sight to smallpox around the year 1688. Ballyfarnon lies under the shadow of Kilronan mountain, in the coal and iron-rich Arigna Mountains. These are the same mountains which drew O'CAROLAN's father Sean, an iron worker, to the region. The scenic Arigna Drive traces a winding and narrow path above the village and offers dramatic views of Lough Allen, the first lake of the Shannon River. The tiny, tidy village of Keadue, Roscommon, has hosted annual O'Carolan festivals in August. For a week, traditional music, ceili dances, harp concerts and competitions have drawn crowds that fill the village of 100 to overflowing. At the edge of the village lies his grave in Kilronan Abbey Church yard. So many visitors have stopped to pay their respects to Ireland's beloved composer that a sign on the road points toward his gravestone. Clonalis House, Castlerea, Roscommon, is home to the O'CONOR family who are the custodians of the O'CAROLAN harp, which has been carefully preserved. The present house was built in the 19th century and there are many interesting documents relating to the O'CONOR family who number two High Kings in their dynasty.

SNIPPET: "The Emergency" -- In neutral Ireland, this was the name given to the period of WWII, 1939-1945. Despite pressure from Britain and, when it had declared war, the United States, Ireland also maintained formal diplomatic relations with Germany and Japan. As in previous centuries, Irish volunteers fought both for Britain and for Britain's enemies; and many crossed the Irish Sea to England, to earn money in the war economy that could not be earned in Ireland. The flow of emigration of course came to a complete halt. Ireland suffered as a result of the German blockade of the British Isles, and there were shortages of every important commodity. These were borne with typical wry humor and a tendency to blame the government. "By the year 1942...it was illegal to sell flour without a licence. As far as we knew there were no ships which were prepared to risk the mine-swept seas to bring us wheat. So the Government made an order that the millers were to get 100% flour from the wheat. The result was black or brown bread... "Bless them all, bless them all, The long and the short and the tall; Bless de Valera and Sean McEntee For giving us the black bread and the half-ounce of tea. but we're saying goodbye to them all, As back to the barracks we crawl, If we don't get cocoa we're going to go loco, So cheer up, me lads, bless 'em all." -- Eamonn MacThomais, "The Labour and The Royal" Market day, 1940 - Despite wartime shortages, life in the Irish Free State went on much as normal. In 1940, stalwart members of the Irish army stood guard at Maryborough (now Portlaoise) railroad station. In 1941, heavy German air-raids in Belfast. Damage from German bombs in Dublin killed 30 people. -- Excerpts, "Through Irish Eyes" & "A Short History of Ireland"

SNIPPET: James Francis DORSEY and Thomas Francis DORSEY, Jr. were born in Shenandoah, PA and died within months of each other. The DORSEY brothers were popular musicians and orchestra leaders in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. They were taught music by their father who started out as a coal miner, but later became leader of the Elmore Band in Shenandoah and then a music teacher. Jimmy (1904-1957) and Tommy (1905-1956) formed the Dorsey Brothers Orchestra in 1934, but they parted a year later because of difference in style. Their Theme Song was "Sandman." The brothers had different temperaments, as well - Jimmy was easy going with a gentle soul and Tommy was more aggressive and short-tempered. Each brother led his own band until 1953 when they formed one band called the 'Fabulous Dorseys.' Jimmy played the clarinet and also the saxophone. Tommy's trombone playing and excellent arrangements won him him the title 'Sentimental Gentleman of Swing.' The brothers, composers and dance band leaders, were charismatic leaders of the swing craze that gripped the bit-band era before and after WW-II. Performing both together and separately (following a well-publicized disagreement over song tempo) for over 40 years, they sold a combined total of 110 million records. they also appeared frequently on TV and in several movies. Their bands included such luminaries as Bing CROSBY, Frank SINATRA, and Glenn MILLER, and they wrote hits like, "I'm Getting Sentimental Over You,' and "Boogie Woogie." Another star launched by the DORSEYs was Helen O'CONNELL (1920-93), who joined the band while still a teenager and went on to a life-long career in show business. .

PRIME MINISTER CHURCHILL'S BROADCAST ON "FIVE YEARS OF WAR" May 13, 1945 British Speeches of the Day. It was five years ago on Thursday last that His Majesty the King commissioned me to form a National Government of all parties to carry on our affairs. Five years is a long time in human life, especially when there is no remission for good conduct. However, aided-by loyal and capable colleagues and sustained by the entire British nation at home and all our fighting men abroad, and with the unswerving cooperation of the Dominions far across the oceans and of our Empire in every quarter of the globe, it became clear last week that things had worked out pretty well and that the British Commonwealth and Empire stands more united and more effectively powerful than at any time in its long romantic history. Certainly we were in a far better state to cope with the problems and perils of the future than we were five years ago. For a while our prime enemy, our mighty enemy, Germany, overran almost all Europe. France, who bore such a frightful strain in the last great war was beaten to the ground and took some time to recover. The Low Countries, fighting to the best of their strength, were subjugated. Norway was overrun. Mussolini's Italy stabbed us in the back when we were, as he thought, at our last gasp. But for ourselves, our lot, I mean the British Commonwealth and Empire, we were absolutely alone. In July, August, and September, 1940, forty or fifty squadrons of British fighter aircraft broke the teeth of the German air fleet at odds of seven or eight to one in the Battle of Britain. Never before in the history of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few. The name of Air Chief Marshal Lord Dowding will ever be linked with this splendid event. But conjoined with the Royal Air Force lay the Royal Navy, ever ready to tear to pieces the barges, gathered from the canals of Holland and Belgium, in which an invading army could alone have been transported. I was never one to believe that the invasion of Britain would be an easy task. With the autumn storms, the immediate danger of invasion in 1940 had passed. Then began the blitz, when Hitler said he would rub out our cities. This was borne without a word of complaint or the slightest signs of flinching, while a very large number of people-honor to them all-proved that London could take it and so could the other ravaged centers. But the dawn of 1941 revealed us still in jeopardy. The hostile aircraft could fly across the approaches to our island, where 46,000,000 people had to import half their daily bread and all the materials they need for peace or war, from Brest to Norway in a single flight or back again, observing all the movements of our shipping in and out of the Clyde and Mersey and directing upon our convoys the large and increasing numbers of U-boats with which the enemy bespattered the Atlantic-the survivors or successors of which are now being collected in British harbors. The sense of envelopment, which might at any moment turn to strangulation, lay heavy upon us. We had only the northwestern approach between Ulster and Scotland through which to bring in the means of life and to send out the forces of war. Owing to the action of Mr. de Valera, so much at variance with the temper and instinct of thousands of southern Irishmen, who hastened to the battlefront to prove their ancient valor, the approaches which the southern Irish ports and airfields could so easily have guarded were closed by the hostile aircraft and U-boats. This was indeed a deadly moment in our life, and if it had not been for the loyalty and friendship of Northern Ireland we should have been forced to come to close quarters with Mr. de Valera or perish forever from the earth. However, with a restraint and poise to which, I say, history will find few parallels, we never laid a violent hand upon them, which at times would have been quite easy and quite natural, and left the de Valera Government to frolic with the German and later with the Japanese representatives to their heart's content. When I think of these days I think also of other episodes and personalities. I do not forget Lieutenant-Commander Esmonde, V.C., D.S.O., Lance-Corporal Keneally, V.C., Captain Fegen, V.C., and other Irish heroes that-I could easily recite, and all bitterness by Britain for the Irish race dies in my heart. I can only pray that in years which I shall not see the shame will be forgotten and the glories will endure, and that the peoples of the British Isles and of the British Commonwealth of Nations will walk together in mutual comprehension and forgiveness. My friends, we will not forget the devotion of our merchant seamen, the vast, inventive, adaptive, all-embracing and, in the end, all-controlling power of the Royal Navy, with its ever more potent new ally, the air, which have kept the life-line open. We were able to breathe; we were able to live; we were able to strike. Dire deeds we had to do. The destruction or capture of the French fleet which, had it ever passed into German hands would, together with the Italian fleet, have perhaps enabled the German Navy to face us on the high seas. The dispatch to Wavell all round the Cape at our darkest hour, of tanks-practically all we had in the island-enabled us as far back as November, 1940, to defend Egypt against invasion and hurl back with the loss of a quarter of a million captives the Italian armies at whose tail Mussolini had planned a ride into Cairo or Alexandria. Great anxiety was felt by President Roosevelt, and indeed by thinking men throughout the United States, about what would happen to us in the early part of 1941. This great President felt to the depth of his being that the destruction of Britain would not only be a fearful event in itself, but that it would expose to mortal danger the vast and as yet largely unarmed potentialities and future destiny of the United States. He feared greatly that we should be invaded in that spring of 1941, and no doubt he had behind him military advice as good as any in the world, and he sent his recent Presidential opponent, Mr. Wendell Willkie, to me with a letter in which he had written in his own hand the famous lines of Longfellow, which I quoted in the House of Commons the other day: Sail on, O Ship of State! Sail on, O Union strong and great! Humanity with all its fears, With all the hopes of future years, Is hanging breathless on thy fate! We were in a fairly tough condition by the early months of 1941 and felt very much better about ourselves than in the months immediately after the collapse of France. Our Dunkirk army and field force troops in Britain, almost a million strong, were nearly all equipped or re-equipped. We had ferried over the Atlantic a million rifles and a thousand cannon from the United States, with all their ammunition, since the previous June. In our munition works, which were becoming very powerful, men and women had worked at their machines till they dropped senseless with fatigue. Nearly one million of men, growing to two millions at the peak, working all day had been formed into the Home Guard, armed at least with rifles and armed also with the spirit "Conquer or Die." Later in 1941, when we were still all alone, we sacrificed, to some extent unwillingly, our conquests of the winter in Cyrenaica and Libya in order to stand by Greece, and Greece will never forget how much we gave, albeit unavailingly, of the little we had. We did this for honor. We repressed the German-instigated rising in Iraq. We defended Palestine. With the assistance of General de Gaulle's indomitable Free French we cleared Syria and the Lebanon of Vichyites and of German intrigue. And then in June, 1941, another tremendous world event occurred. You have no doubt noticed in your reading of British history that we have sometimes had to hold out all alone, or to be the mainspring of coalitions, against a Continental tyrant or dictator for quite a long time-against the Spanish Armada, against the might of Louis XIV, when we led Europe for nearly twenty-five years under William III and Marlborough and 130 years ago, when Pitt, Wellington, and Nelson broke Napoleon, not without the assistance of the heroic Russians of 1812. In all these world wars our island kept the lead of Europe or else held out alone. And if you hold out alone long enough there always comes a time when the tyrant makes some ghastly mistake which alters the whole balance of the struggle. On June 22, 1941, Hitler, master as he thought himself of all Europe, nay indeed soon to be, he thought, master of the world, treacherously, without warning, without the slightest provocation, hurled himself on Russia and came face to face with Marshal Stalin and the numberless millions of the Russian people. And then at the end of the year Japan struck her felon blow at the United States at Pearl Harbor, and at the same time attacked us in Malaya and at Singapore. Thereupon Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the republic of the United States. Years have passed since then. Indeed every year seems to me almost a decade. But never since the United States entered the war have I had the slightest doubt but that we should be saved and that we had only to do our duty in order to win. We have played our part in all this process by which the evildoers have been overthrown. I hope I do not speak vain or boastful words. But from Alamein in October, 1942, through the Anglo-American invasion of North Africa, of Sicily and of-Italy, with the capture of Rome, we marched many miles and never knew defeat. And then last year, after two years' patient preparation and marvelous devices of amphibious warfare-in my view our scientists are not surpassed by any nation, specially when their thought is applied to naval matters-last year on June 6 we seized a carefully selected little toe of German-occupied France and poured millions in from this island and from across the Atlantic until the Seine, the Somme, and the Rhine all fell behind the advancing Anglo-American spearheads. France was liberated. She produced a fine Army of gallant men to aid her own liberation. Germany lay open. And now from the other side, from the East, the mighty military achievements of the Russian people, always holding many more German troops on their front than we could do, rolled forward to meet us in the heart and center of Germany. At the same time in Italy Field-Marshal Alexander's Army of so many nations, the largest part of which was British or British Empire, struck their final blow and compelled more than 1,000,000 enemy troops to surrender. This Fifteenth Army Group, as we call it, are now deep in Austria joining their right hand with the Russians and their left with the United States Armies under General Eisenhower's command. It happened that in three days we received the news of the unlamented departures of Mussolini and Hitler, and in three days also surrenders were made to Field-Marshal Alexander and Field-Marshal Montgomery of over 2,500,000 soldiers of this terrible warlike German Army. I shall make it clear at this moment that we have never failed to recognize the immense superiority of the power used by the United States in the rescue of France and the defeat of Germany. For our part we have had in action about one-third as many men as the Americans, but we have taken our full share of the fighting, as the scale of our losses shows. Our Navy has borne incomparably the heavier burden in the Atlantic Ocean, in the narrow seas and Arctic convoys to Russia, while the United States Navy has used its massive strength mainly against Japan. It is right and natural that we should extol the virtues and glorious services of our own most famous commanders, Alexander and Montgomery, neither of whom was ever defeated since they began together at Alamein, both of whom had conducted in Africa, in Italy, in Normandy and in Germany battles of the first magnitude and of decisive consequences. At the same time we know how great is our debt to the combining and unifying of the command and high strategic direction of General Eisenhower. Here is the moment when I must pay my personal tribute to the British Chiefs of the Staff with whom I have worked in the closest intimacy throughout these hard years. There have been very few changes in this powerful and capable body of men who, sinking all Service differences and judging the problems of the war as a whole, have worked together in the closest harmony with each other. In Field-Marshal Brooke, Admiral Pound, Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Marshal of the R.A.F. Portal a power was formed who deserved the highest honor in the direction of the whole British war strategy and its agreement with that of our Allies. It may well be said that never have the forces of two nations fought side by side and intermingled into line of battle with so much unity, comradeship, and brotherhood as in the great Anglo-American army. Some people say, "Well, what would you expect, if both nations speak the same language and have the same outlook upon life with all its hope and glory." Others may say, "It would be an ill day for all the world and for the pair of them if they did not go on working together and marching together and sailing together and flying together wherever something has to be done for the sake of freedom and fair play all over the world." There was one final danger from which the collapse of Germany has saved us. In London and the southeastern counties we have suffered for a year from various forms of flying bombs and rockets and our Air Force and our Ack-Ack Batteries have done wonders against them. In particular the Air Force, turned on in good time on what then seemed very slight and doubtful evidence, vastly hampered and vastly delayed all German preparations. But it was only when our Armies cleaned up the coast and overran all the points of discharge, and when the Americans captured vast stores of rockets of all kinds near Leipzig, and when the preparations being made on the coasts of France and Holland could be examined in detail, that we knew how grave was the peril, not only from rockets and flying bombs but from multiple long-range artillery. Only just in time did the Allied Armies blast the viper in his nest. Otherwise the autumn of 1944, to say nothing of 1945, might well have seen London as shattered as Berlin. For the same period the Germans had prepared a new U-boat fleet and novel tactics which, though we should have eventually destroyed them, might well have carried anti-U-boat warfare back to the high peak days of 1942. Therefore we must rejoice and give thanks not only for our preservation when we were all alone but for our timely deliverance from new suffering, new perils not easily to be measured. I wish I could tell you tonight that all our toils and troubles were over. Then indeed I could end my five years' service happily, and if you thought you had had enough of me and that I ought to be put out to grass, I assure you I would take it with the best of grace. But, on the contrary, I must warn you, as I did when I began this five years' task-and no one knew then that it would last so long-that there is still a lot to do and that you must be prepared for further efforts of mind and body and further sacrifices to great causes if you are not to fall back into the rut of inertia, the confusion of aim, and the craven fear of being great. You must not weaken in any way in your alert and vigilant frame of mind, and though holiday rejoicing is necessary to the human spirit, yet it must add to the strength and resilience with which every man and woman turns again to the work they have to do, and also to the outlook and watch they have to keep on public affairs. On the continent of Europe we have yet to make sure that the simple and honorable purposes for which we entered the war are not brushed aside or overlooked in the months following our success, and that the words freedom, democracy, and liberation are not distorted from their true meaning as we have understood them. There would be little use in punishing the Hitlerites for their crimes if law and justice did not rule, and if totalitarian or police governments were to take the place of the German invaders. We seek nothing for ourselves. But we must make sure that those causes which we fought for find recognition at the peace table in facts as well as words, and above all we must labor that the world organization which the United Nations are creating at San Francisco, does not become an idle name; does not become a shield for the strong and a mockery for the weak. It is the victors who must search their hearts in their glowing hours and be worthy by their nobility of the immense forces that they wield. We must never forget that beyond all lurks Japan, harassed and failing but still a people of a hundred millions, for whose warriors death has few terrors. I cannot tell you tonight how much time or what exertions will be required to compel them to make amends for their odious treachery and cruelty. We have received-like China so long undaunted-we have received horrible injuries from them ourselves, and we are bound by the ties of honor and fraternal loyalty to the United States to fight this great war at the other end of the world at their side without flagging or failing. We must remember that Australia, New Zealand, and Canada were and are all directly menaced by this evil Power. They came to our aid in our dark times, and we must not leave unfinished any task which concerns their safety and their future. I told you hard things at the beginning of these last five years; you did not shrink, and I should be unworthy of your confidence and generosity if I did not still cry, "Forward, unflinching, unswerving, indomitable, till the whole task is done and the whole world is safe and clean."

SNIPPET: In the Nov-Dec 2000 issue of Dublin's "Ireland of the Welcomes" magazine, Peter ROBINSON, who lives with his wife in Florida, describes their arrival with Irish friend, Mary, at a Sunday night ceili (pron. 'kay lee') on a late-Spring night in NW Ireland, some 25 miles from the nearest small city ... "'Nora, Kathleen, so grand to see you. These are my good friends from the States. Peter and Carolyn are staying in the wee cottage on Boa Island.' Mary looked over the crowd for Liam, the best fiddle player this side of Lough Erne. His music could really heat up the night as it had for most weekend nights during the last 55 years, or so. He wasn't in sight. No matter, James Duffy and his son Richard, were doing a beautiful duet. Richard, 14, was singing a youthful tune accompanied with his guitar and by his father on the piano. 'Jim, my friends from America would like to hear some traditional Irish country music and I would like to get some of these people up to dance.' 'Alright Mary, Richie, let's play the Castlederg whirl.' For the next three hours, Mary proceeded to demonstrate what a ceili is all about. Pure enjoyment of the company of friends in dancing, singing, laughing and just good talk and concern of each other. The music brought it all together. Carolyn and I were included in the evening's delight as if we were long lost relatives -- a warm, family kind of feeling I haven't experienced since my father took me and my brother Leo to our first Irish dance in Providence, Rhode Island, where they played the accordion and people danced a jig, or the many nights my aunts and uncles would come to our house and Pa would play the violin or tin whistle or harmonica, while someone else would sit at the upright piano on the same small round stool Leo and I used to try and get each other dizzy on. Liam then showed up and let his fiddle capture and enrich the joy of the assembled hearts. Carolyn and I danced new but somehow familiar dances. By closing, friend Mary O'Donnell had talked to, danced with, sang with, hugged, smiled at, and generally lit up the faces of almost all the people at the pub." Peter concludes -- "So, Ireland is less of a place but more the people, the kind and gentle speakers of grand greetings, the sometimes erratic drivers of the wide cow paths they call highways; the friendly B&B proprietors, the man and his wife who live to serve dinner graciously in their home-restaurant on top of the promontory overlooking Connemara lakes and mountains; the couple who invited us into their small motor caravan (a tiny European version of a motorhome) for some tea, the reclusive owner of the first class hotel on a cliff on the NE coast in view of Scotland, who allowed his dog to escort his guests through the halls and down the lane for a tour of the Glen and the young man in the small fishing village of Dingle who did not laugh at our attempts to speak Irish with him but rather spent an eternity trying to help us order lunch in his native tongue. All these people freely furnished us friendship, turf for the fireplace in our family's ancestral cottage and welcome in their homes and hearts."

THE BRIDGE TO AMERICA On board the rotting coffin ships they fingered icons, beads, invoked the Sacred Heart of Christ, my Sligo forbears, proud in rags, with mouths of crooked teeth, the meek who dared inherit earth. Unswayed by intimations scrawled across prophetic winds they hailed the solitude of stars. At last a landfall came in view, a dark expanse of coast, this brooding New Hibernia. I picture them on rundown wharfs, the greenhorns striking out for Canaans all across the land. Pretenders to the whirlwind night, the vast unchosen staked their claims, the meek who dared inherit earth. -- T. S. Kerrigan

SNIPPET: Of the" Northern Ireland Children's Project," Mary McALEESE, President of Ireland, states: "I commend the vital work of Children's Project at this critical time in our history and I hope that they can continue to work towards a healthy and prosperous society where diversity of tradition and culture are embraced." NICP, an American-based not-for-profit organization is concerned about the future of the young people who have long been victims of civil strife. Dedicated staff bring Protestant and Catholic children together through weekend visits and a summer camp at Fellowship House, a beautiful eight-bedroom home in the coastal town of Ballycastle. They also transport the young people to weeknight activities at the community center in Belfast for swimming, volleyball, soccer and just socializing. With the help of trained facilitators, they conduct a series of conflict resolution sessions where the children learn to better understand one another and gain trust. A study on the long-term effect of the program by Belfast's Queens University concluded the children who had completed the project were clearly more tolerant, more self-confident and successful in their work career and personal lives. Irish Children's Fund, Inc., is a not-for-profit organization that fosters understanding between Protestant and Catholic youngsters in the troubled areas of Belfast. Both non-political and interdenominational, ICF has enriched the lives of over 3,000 children since its founding in 1982. As part of the ICF's reconcilitation program, 150 twelve-year-olds from Belfast's segregated neighborhoods are selected each year to spend a five-week summer holiday in the United States. Represented in equal numbers, many of these Protestant and Catholic children bear the scars of deep historical hatred. Hosted by American families, the youngsters participate in ao wide range of recreational activities, including a summer camp that uses team games to build trust and encourage cooperation. When they return to Belfast, the reconciliation progress continues with get-togethers and a summer camp. Years later, the children return to the United States to take part in a voluntary work program and renew the relationships they have developed.

Hi Jean, Thank you again for you dedication for providing us with wonderful bits of Irish history. Many American baby boys of Irish descent were named Thomas Francis Meagher after Thomas Francis Meagher . My Uncle who was born in Anaconda, Montana in 1907 was named Thomas Francis Meagher Smith. Several years ago I was looking up Smiths in Florida phone directories and could not believe how many Smiths had named their sons Thomas Francis Meagher Smith. Beannachtai, Margaret (Máiread) ----- Original Message ----- From: "Jean R." <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Wednesday, February 21, 2007 4:54 PM Subject: [IGW] Thomas F. MEAGHER (1823-67) - Waterford City's FavoriteSon/Founder Union's "Irish Brigade" (ACW) > SNIPPET: Born to a conservative Waterford merchant and mayor, Thomas > Francis MEAGHER joined Daniel O'CONNELL's nonviolent movement to repeal > the Act of Union with Britain. Impatient with the slow-moving peace > process, he joined the radical Young Irelander movement and became an > inspiring speaker. His attack on Daniel O'CONNELL's peace resolutions in > 1846 earned him the title 'Meagher of the Sword." He went to France in > 1848 and came back with the first Irish tricolor flag - a gift from the > French representing the Catholics (green), the Protestants (orange), and > peaceful co-existence between them (white). Involved in a failed > uprising, MEAGHER was sentenced to death, but he managed to get his > sentence commuted to life in prison in Tasmania, Australia. MEAGHER > escaped in 1852 and sailed to America. He became a journalist in NY, > studied law and eventually became a lawyer, founded the "Irish News" in > 1856. After he made a trip to Nicaragua to study the feasibility of bu! > ilding a canal across the isthmus, the American Civil War broke out. > Famous for his oratory, he issued an inspiring call to the American Irish > to fight for the Union, linking the effort to the cause of Irish freedom: > "The Republic, that gave us asylum and an honorable career -- that is the > mainstay of human freedom the world over -- is threatened with disruption. > It is the duty of every liberty-loving citizen to prevent such a calamity > at all hazards. Above all, it is the duty of us Irish citizens, who > aspired to establish a similar form of government in our native land. It > is not only our duty to America, but to in Ireland." MEAGHER was made a > general and raised a regiment of Irish immigrants that he famously led > into battle for the Union. He hoped that the Irish Brigade's > distinguished performance would raise the low standing of the Irish in > American eyes and provide experienced recruits to a future Fenian uprising > in Ireland. The Brigade engaged in some of the ! > most savage hand-to-hand fighting of the war. While these battles gai > ned the nation's respect, they also resulted in horrific casualty rates. > After the war, he became the first governor of the MT territory. Not long > afterward, the 44-year-old MEAGHER fell off a riverboat at night and > drowned in the Missouri. His body was never found. > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > [email protected] with the word 'unsubscribe' without the > quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

SNIPPET: Born to a conservative Waterford merchant and mayor, Thomas Francis MEAGHER joined Daniel O'CONNELL's nonviolent movement to repeal the Act of Union with Britain. Impatient with the slow-moving peace process, he joined the radical Young Irelander movement and became an inspiring speaker. His attack on Daniel O'CONNELL's peace resolutions in 1846 earned him the title 'Meagher of the Sword." He went to France in 1848 and came back with the first Irish tricolor flag - a gift from the French representing the Catholics (green), the Protestants (orange), and peaceful co-existence between them (white). Involved in a failed uprising, MEAGHER was sentenced to death, but he managed to get his sentence commuted to life in prison in Tasmania, Australia. MEAGHER escaped in 1852 and sailed to America. He became a journalist in NY, studied law and eventually became a lawyer, founded the "Irish News" in 1856. After he made a trip to Nicaragua to study the feasibility of building a canal across the isthmus, the American Civil War broke out. Famous for his oratory, he issued an inspiring call to the American Irish to fight for the Union, linking the effort to the cause of Irish freedom: "The Republic, that gave us asylum and an honorable career -- that is the mainstay of human freedom the world over -- is threatened with disruption. It is the duty of every liberty-loving citizen to prevent such a calamity at all hazards. Above all, it is the duty of us Irish citizens, who aspired to establish a similar form of government in our native land. It is not only our duty to America, but to in Ireland." MEAGHER was made a general and raised a regiment of Irish immigrants that he famously led into battle for the Union. He hoped that the Irish Brigade's distinguished performance would raise the low standing of the Irish in American eyes and provide experienced recruits to a future Fenian uprising in Ireland. The Brigade engaged in some of the most savage hand-to-hand fighting of the war. While these battles gained the nation's respect, they also resulted in horrific casualty rates. After the war, he became the first governor of the MT territory. Not long afterward, the 44-year-old MEAGHER fell off a riverboat at night and drowned in the Missouri. His body was never found.

HISTORY: Walt WHITMAN 1819-1892) was born in West Hills, Long Island, NY, and grew up in Brooklyn. He was an American poet who sang the praises of the United States and democracy, and received literary acclaim from English writers long before American critics recognized him as a great poet. WHITMAN's love of America grew from his faith that Americans might reach new worldly and spiritual heights. He wrote: "The chief reason for the being of the United States of America is to bring about the common good will of all mankind, the solidarity of the world." Although he had only a few years of formal schooling, he took a series of jobs - reporter, editor, printer, schoolteacher, carpenter. As a preface to his collection of poems, "Leaves of Grass," he wrote: "The United States themselves are essentially the greatest poem." "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" tells of a little boy observing a mockingbird. The bird is mourning its mate, which was lost in a storm at sea. The bird's song teaches the boy the meaning of death and makes him decide to become a poet. The theme of the poem is that death is part of the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth. WHITMAN wrote "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" on the death of Abraham LINCOLN. WHITMAN said that each spring the blooming lilac would remind him not only of the death of LINCOLN, but also of the eternal return to life. He felt that poets eventually would lead men's souls back to God. WHITMAN worked as a printer and journalist in the NYC area. He wrote articles on political questions, civic affairs, and the arts. He loved mixing in crowds and attended debates, the theater, concerts, lectures, and political meetings. He often rode on stagecoaches and ferries just to talk with the drivers, boatmen, and passengers. He enjoyed a picnic as much as an opera. During the Civil War, WHITMAN was a volunteer assistant in the military hospitals in Washington, D. C. After the war he worked in several governmental departments until he suffered a stroke in 1873. He spent the rest of his life in Camden, NJ, where he continued to write poems and articles. He entertained such visitors as Oscar WILDE and Thomas EAKINS, until his death in 1892. UNSEEN BUDS Unseen buds, infinite, hidden well, Under the snow and ice, under the darkness, in every square or cubic inch, Germinal, exquisite, in delicate lace, microscopic, unborn, Like babes in wombs, latent, folded, compact, sleeping; Billions of billions, and trillions of trillons of them waiting, Urging slowly, surely forward, forming endless, And waiting ever more, forever more behind. MIRACLES Why, who makes much of a miracle? As to me I know of nothing else but miracles, Whether I walk the streets of Manhattan, Or dart my sight over the roofs of houses toward the sky, Or wade with naked feet along the beach just in the edge of the water, Or stand under trees in the woods, Or talk by day with any one I love, or sleep in the bed at night with any one I love, Or sit at table at dinner with the rest, Or look at strangers opposite me riding in the car, Or watch honey-bees busy around the hive of a summer forenoon, Or animals feeding in the fields, Or birds, or the wonderfulness of insects in the air, Or the wonderfulness of the sundown, or of stars shining so quiet and bright, Or the exquisite delicate thin curve of the new moon in spring! These with the rest, one and all, are to me miracles, The whole referring, yet each distinct and in its place. To me every hour of the light and dark is a miracle, Every cubic inch of space is a miracle, Every square yard of the surface of the earth is spread with the same, Every foot of the interior swarms with the same. To me the sea is a continual miracle, The fishes that swim -- the rocks -- the motion of the waves -- the ships with men in them, What stranger miracles are there? SPARKLES FROM THE WHEEL Where the city's ceaseless crowd moves on the livelong day, Withdrawn I join a group of children watching, I pause aside with them. By the curb towards the edge of the flagging, A knife-grinder works at his wheel sharpening a great knife, Bending over he carefully holds it to the stone, by foot and knee, With measur'd tread he turns rapidly, as he presses with light but firm hand, Forth issue then in copious golden jets. Sparkles from the wheel. The scene and all its belongings, how they seize and affect me, The sad sharp-chinn'd old man with worn clothes and broad shoulder-band of leather, Myself effusing and fluid, a phantom curiously floating, now here absorb'd and arrested, The group, (an unminded point set in a vast surrounding.) The attentive, quiet children, the loud, proud, restive base of the streets, The low hoarse purr of the whirling stone, the light-press'd blade, Diffusing, dropping, sideways-darting, in tiny showers of gold. Sparkles from the wheel.