Turbarius means swordsmen or pikemen. ***************************************************************** "The Irish observe divers[e] degrees, according to each man is regarded; the basest sort amongst them are little young wags, called Daltins, these are lackeys, and are serviceable to the grooms or horseboys, who are a degree above the Daltins. Of the third degree is the Kern, who is an ordinary soldier, using for weapon his sword and target, and sometimes his piece, being commonly so good marksmen as they will come within a score of a great castle; Kern signifieth, as noblemen of great judgment informed me, a shower of hell, because they are taken for no better than Rakehells, or the Devil's blaguards. The fourth degree is the Galloglass, using a kind of pollard for his weapon; these men are commonly wayward, rather by profession than by nature; grim of countenance, tall of stature, big of limb, burly of body, well and strongly timbered, chiefly feeding on beef, pork and butter. The fifth degree is to be a horseman, which is the chiefest next the Lord and Captain; these horsemen, when they have no stay of their own, gad and range from house to house, like errant Knights of the Round Table, and they never dismount 'till they ride into the hall and as far as the table. There is among them a brotherhood of Karrowes, that proffer to play cards all the year long, and make it their only occupation; they play away mantle and all to the bare skin, and then truss themselves in straw or leaves; they wait for passengers on the highway, invite them to game upon the green, and ask no more than companions to make them sport; for default of other stuff they pawn their glibs, their fingers and toes, which they lose or redeem at the courtesy of the winner. One office in the house of a nobleman is a tale-teller, who bringeth his lord asleep, with tales, frivolous and vain, whereunto the number give sooth and credit." Page 298 footnote from the Calendar of Patent and Close Rolls from Henry VIII to Elizabeth I.