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    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation
    2. Arvind Kolhatkar
    3. David, I think it reads: <Our salaams. Bahut acha hai. Tume xxxxxx hona chaiye.> I could not decipher the second word in the second line. It appears to be an English word. The rest of it easy enough. It says: >Our greetings. Very good. You should be xxxxx.> Arvind Kolhatkar, Toronto, March 04, 2008.

    03/04/2008 03:31:05
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Heritage Gallery of Signal and Communications at Poda...
    2. In a message dated 02/03/2008 04:24:05 GMT Standard Time, phyllis.danko@verizon.net writes: For those with India Railway interests. A short video of a new museum at Podanur, Tamil Nadu Thank you for this. And please, can anyone help me . In the early 1940's, could this building have been the South Indian Railway Officers quarters allocated to the DTS (District Traffic Superintendent)? It is reminiscent of our home in Podanur during the three years my father was posted in Podanur as DTS. I don't remember the front 'half walls', but rather, balustrades and a large open verandah into the main part of the house. I recall there was at least one simlar house next door for the District Engineer. Facing our home, and to its right one could walk to the Railway Colony and Railwaty Institute. As all this was over 60 years ago, my memory could well being playing tricks! Thank you for any help. Joan Brown

    03/04/2008 03:04:21
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation
    2. Nadeem Omar
    3. You can post it to me. best, no On Tue, Mar 4, 2008 at 9:02 AM, David Railton <railton.david@btinternet.com> wrote: > Megan, > > The letters are not distinct enough for someone who does not know the > language to transcribe but I would guess that someone familiar with it > could > make sense of it. > > David > > -----Original Message----- > From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com > [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of megan mills > Sent: 04 March 2008 11:47 > To: india-british-raj@rootsweb.com > Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation > > > Hi, David > > if in Romanised Urdu why not transcribe for the List. > > > cheers, > Megan> From: railton.david@btinternet.com> To: > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ@rootsweb.com> Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2008 11:05:17 +0000> > Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation> > I have a postcard of a > tennis club group probably taken in the 1920s in> Bangalore. It has a few > words written on it which I guess are in Urdu (but> not in Urdu script). > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

    03/04/2008 02:41:12
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation
    2. Arvind Kolhatkar
    3. David, Can you send a scanned picture of the card to me off-list? I can try my hand at translating it. Arvind Kolhatkar, Toronto, March 04. 1008.

    03/04/2008 12:49:03
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation
    2. megan mills
    3. Hi, David if in Romanised Urdu why not transcribe for the List. cheers, Megan> From: railton.david@btinternet.com> To: INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ@rootsweb.com> Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2008 11:05:17 +0000> Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Urdu translation> > I have a postcard of a tennis club group probably taken in the 1920s in> Bangalore. It has a few words written on it which I guess are in Urdu (but> not in Urdu script). If there is anyone on the list who could translate for> me I can attach the postcard to an email. > > I don't believe that what is written in particularly significant; it is> curiosity alone that prompts me to ask. My guess is that it says something> like "Greetings. Having a nice time in sunny Bangalore. Wish you were here"!> > David> > > -------------------------------> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message> >

    03/03/2008 11:46:45
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards?
    2. Mandeep Singh Bajwa
    3. 'Bays' not 'Boys'. Proper name The Queen's Bays. One of the great regiments of the British Army. Mandeep On 02/03/2008, David Railton <railton.david@btinternet.com> wrote: > > Thanks Rupert, can you tell me if this was a British or India army > regiment? > What I am interested in is if this soldier is likely to have enlisted in > UK > or India. > > David > > -----Original Message----- > From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com > [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of Butler - > business and family > Sent: 02 March 2008 16:29 > To: india-british-raj@rootsweb.com > Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? > > Dear David > > It's nearly exactly right - the Queen's BAYS (2nd Dragoon Guards) is all > the > difference ! > > Rupert Butler > > -----Original Message----- > From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com > [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com]On Behalf Of David Railton > Sent: 02 March 2008 14:25 > To: INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ > Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? > > > A marriage record shows the groom as a private in this regiment at > Cornwallis Barracks, Bangalore in 1921. The 'Boys' in the name of the > regiment does not seem right to me. Can anyone please confirm if it is or > suggest an alternative? British or Indian Army? > > David > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: > 01/03/2008 > 17:41 > > No virus found in this outgoing message. > Checked by AVG Free Edition. > Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: > 01/03/2008 > 17:41 > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message >

    03/02/2008 05:31:15
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards?
    2. Butler - business and family
    3. Dear David The Queens Bays 2nd Dragoon Guards (2DG) were one of the earlier cavalry regiments of the British army, I would expect formed in the late 17th century. I have spent a little time on the internet trying to find a nice link for you. Unfortunately an excellent time line www.regiments.org has been suspended for the moment. This would have allowed you to see all the predecessor units (including 2DG - and their postings) of what is the present British army. 2DG was amalgamated with 1st Queens Dragoon Guards in 1959. The so-called joint history website seems only to be interested in that senior regiment's background. In passing I found a note that 2DG went to Palestine in July 1919 and to India in December 1920 and that one squadron was involved in the Moplah Rebellion which was centred around Calicut about 200 miles southwest of Bangalore in the second half of 1921. Your soldier would almost certainly have enlisted in UK. I think historically there were only transfers from British regiments to the Indian Empire establishment, almost never the other way round - except of course in 1947. The modern QDG recruits in Wales, but I cannot see whether or not that was true in 1920. Rupert Butler -----Original Message----- From: David Railton [mailto:railton.david@btinternet.com] Sent: 02 March 2008 17:34 To: india-british-raj@rootsweb.com; pems.butler@btinternet.com Subject: RE: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? Thanks Rupert, can you tell me if this was a British or India army regiment? What I am interested in is if this soldier is likely to have enlisted in UK or India. David -----Original Message----- From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of Butler - business and family Sent: 02 March 2008 16:29 To: india-british-raj@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? Dear David It's nearly exactly right - the Queen's BAYS (2nd Dragoon Guards) is all the difference ! Rupert Butler -----Original Message----- From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com]On Behalf Of David Railton Sent: 02 March 2008 14:25 To: INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? A marriage record shows the groom as a private in this regiment at Cornwallis Barracks, Bangalore in 1921. The 'Boys' in the name of the regiment does not seem right to me. Can anyone please confirm if it is or suggest an alternative? British or Indian Army? David ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41

    03/02/2008 05:12:34
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Kasauli cemetery
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. The following is snipped from http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030215/windows/above.htm ** I think the word 'honour' in the quoted portion is a typo - a misprint. It should be 'humour'. ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India Quote: Saturday, February 15, 2003 Love in times of war Khushwant Singh IN Kasauli there is an old British cemetery dating back to the 1840s when the English built a line of cantonments on the Shivalik ranges to billet troops in the event of a war which seemed imminent against the Sikh kingdom. This cemetery is a good way down the hill from the military hospital, few people bother to visit it. In my younger days, I went there thrice to see which was the oldest grave. I could not find it as many marble tombstones had been stolen and the inscriptions on others became illegible. Even in broad daylight pine and yew trees cast eerie shadows; the place looked haunted. However, I found one epitaph on a grave which I found to be a good example of the sort of macabre honour** (sic) only the British have. I memorised the lines: Halt stranger, do not go by, As you are now, so once was I; Prepare therefore to follow me, As I am, so will you be. Later I discovered this epitaph was by no means unique: it had been used elsewhere and is found in many quotations books. I was reminded of it because of a novel I've just finished reading, A Twisted Cue by Rohit Handa (Ravi Dayal). It begins with its chief character, an Anglo-Indian officer in the Indian Army, trying to discover the identity of his English forefathers who had fought campaigns against Tipu Sultan and the Marathas. The cemetery yielded no clues; nor did the author notice the epitaph I had quoted. Perhaps by then it had been stolen or obliterated by the passage of years. [snip] Unquote

    03/02/2008 12:25:37
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards?
    2. David Railton
    3. Thanks Rupert, can you tell me if this was a British or India army regiment? What I am interested in is if this soldier is likely to have enlisted in UK or India. David -----Original Message----- From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com] On Behalf Of Butler - business and family Sent: 02 March 2008 16:29 To: india-british-raj@rootsweb.com Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? Dear David It's nearly exactly right - the Queen's BAYS (2nd Dragoon Guards) is all the difference ! Rupert Butler -----Original Message----- From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com]On Behalf Of David Railton Sent: 02 March 2008 14:25 To: INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? A marriage record shows the groom as a private in this regiment at Cornwallis Barracks, Bangalore in 1921. The 'Boys' in the name of the regiment does not seem right to me. Can anyone please confirm if it is or suggest an alternative? British or Indian Army? David ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

    03/02/2008 10:33:38
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards?
    2. Butler - business and family
    3. Dear David It's nearly exactly right - the Queen's BAYS (2nd Dragoon Guards) is all the difference ! Rupert Butler -----Original Message----- From: india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com [mailto:india-british-raj-bounces@rootsweb.com]On Behalf Of David Railton Sent: 02 March 2008 14:25 To: INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards? A marriage record shows the groom as a private in this regiment at Cornwallis Barracks, Bangalore in 1921. The 'Boys' in the name of the regiment does not seem right to me. Can anyone please confirm if it is or suggest an alternative? British or Indian Army? David ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41 No virus found in this outgoing message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.516 / Virus Database: 269.21.3/1306 - Release Date: 01/03/2008 17:41

    03/02/2008 09:29:26
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Queen's Boys 2nd Dragoon Guards?
    2. David Railton
    3. A marriage record shows the groom as a private in this regiment at Cornwallis Barracks, Bangalore in 1921. The 'Boys' in the name of the regiment does not seem right to me. Can anyone please confirm if it is or suggest an alternative? British or Indian Army? David

    03/02/2008 07:24:31
    1. Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Heritage Gallery of Signal and Communicationsat Podanur
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. Add an ''l'' to the last word and then go ... http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/1625/heritage-gallery.html ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India ----- Original Message ----- From: "Phyllis L. Danko" For those with India Railway interests. A short video of a new museum at Podanur, Tamil Nadu. http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/1625/heritage-gallery.htm

    03/02/2008 03:15:52
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Heritage Gallery of Signal and Communications at Podanur
    2. Phyllis L. Danko
    3. Hello Everyone, For those with India Railway interests. A short video of a new museum at Podanur, Tamil Nadu. http://videos.oneindia.in/watch/1625/heritage-gallery.htm "Coimbatore, Sep 29 : 2007 With a fascinating collection of vintage, obsolete and present day railway signalling gadgets, the Heritage Gallery of Signal and Telecommunication at Podanur on the outskirts of Coimbatore in Tamil Nadu depicts the saga of the Indian railways over the years. The gallery is a brainchild of V Shankar who was the Southern Railways Chief Signals and Telecommunication Engineer at Chennai during 2003-05 Enjoy, Phyllis

    03/01/2008 04:22:35
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Fourbeck Bridge (Madras)
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2008/01/07/stories/2008010750250400.htm The Fourbeck Bridge Monday, Jan 07, 2008 by S. MUTHIAH I was delighted to recently find that some bloggers have become interested in Madras's heritage and that one even suggested to another that he pass on a bit of information to "S. Muthiah at The Hindu's Madras Miscellany" for further inputs. The subject of this correspondence was what I might call Fourbeck's Bridge - which today must be incorporated into the channel- crossing that exists on Mount Road between Nandanam and Saidapet. The interest in the bridge appears to have started with one blogger answering a question about how many bridges there are between T. Nagar-Teynampet and Little Mount. Two's the answer, the Maraimalai Adigal Bridge, with its genesis in the bridge Petrus Uscan funded in the mid-18th Century, and the Fourbeck Bridge which no one can even notice today. The Fourbeck Bridge is on Mount Road, by the hostel opposite the Veterinary Hospital. As early as 1772, citizens led by free merchant Andrew Ross offered to build "a Bridge over the Brook at Mamelon". This, in fact, was the Surplus Channel of the Long Tank which once existed all along the western edge of Mount Road, starting at Saidapet and curving along Nungambakkam High Road. The Bridge was eventually built in 1786 according to the instructions left in Adrian Fourbeck's will. Fourbeck, who was born "in the East" in 1712, became a member of the Gunroom Crew in Fort St George as soon as he was old enough. He was discharged on a disability pension of Pagodas 1-14-0 in 1740. He then teamed with Samuel Troutback and became a success in business. He died in 1783 and his Executors Thomas Pelling, John de Fries and Peter Bodin ensured that the terms of his will were honoured. The bridge was built under the direction of Lt. Col. Patrick Ross, the Chief (Government) Engineer of Madras at the time. Across from the hostel mentioned above and the road leading to Lushington Gardens, one of the last surviving classical garden houses in the city, is a walled-in garden in whose tree-shaded gloom little can been seen. But look hard enough and you will find a four-sided pedestal with the remains of an obelisk atop it. The panels on the four sides bear the same message, English, Latin, Persian and Tamil versions each occupying a side and stating, among much else, "This bridge, erected as a public benefit from a legacy bestowed by Adrian Fourbeck, a merchant of Madras, is a monument . (to) the good citizen's munificent liberality." The memorial, visible to almost no one today, is one of the few dating to the British period that is on the list of protected monuments of the Tamil Nadu Government's Department of Archaeology. ======================== ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    03/01/2008 08:10:46
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Agra-Lahore portion of the Grand Trunk Road
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. First-Hand study of the Architectural remains along the Agra-Lahore highway. Strictly speaking, this new book (described below) deals with pre-British-Raj era. However, the Agra-Lahore portion of the Grand Trunk Road mentioned in it played such a vital role in the lives of the Britons in India that I think I can be excused for telling you about it. (Remember Kipling's Kim?) Many of those architectural remains are still extant today. So the 19th-century Sahibs also must have seen them and probably mentioned not a few in their narratives ... Review of ''LAND TRANSPORT IN MUGHAL INDIA - Agra-Lahore Mughal Highway and its Architectural Remains'' by : Subash Parihar; Aryan Books International, Pooja Apartments, 4B, Ansari Raod, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002. Rs. 2950. Book reviewed by JEAN DELOCHE Tuesday, Feb 26, 2008 http://www.hindu.com/br/2008/02/26/stories/2008022650041400.htm ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/27/2008 07:07:47
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Sindh and Hind
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. ''A glimpse of our past'' by Naveed Tajammal Tuesday, February 26, 2008 http://thepost.com.pk/OpinionNews.aspx?dtlid=146617&catid=11 *quote*: Historically, Sindh and Hind have always been two entities. It is true that under British imperialism we were part of one entity called the British India. What we forget here is that we were cut off from the Mughal Empire in 1739 and ceased to be part of what later became the British India. The treaty was drafted on May 1, 1739 and was later signed at the Shalimar Gardens Dehli known as Paiman-i-Shalimar and also as Ahd-nama. The munshi who drafted it was Mirza Mohammad Mahdi Khan. *unquote* ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/26/2008 05:58:12
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Prince of Wales' Railway Journeys in India, 1875-1876
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. The Prince of Wales' Railway Journeys in India, 1875-1876 "THE PRINCE OF WALES' TOUR OF INDIA -- A DIARY IN INDIA" William Howard Russell Honorary Private Secretary to His Royal Highness, The Prince Of Wales SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE LONDON, 1877 Excerpted and Edited by B. M. S. BISHT, Retired General Manager, North-East Frontier Railway, 18th June, 2007. http://www.irfca.org/articles/clips/prince-of-wales.html ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/25/2008 12:05:41
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The scent of shikar
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. >From http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030406/spectrum/main3.htm The scent of shikar Sunday, April 6, 2003 QUOTE: Over years of colonial rule, shikar grew into an institution, acquiring a cult of high status for the British assured of the natives servility. It meant an exclusive sport, a face-to-face encounter with the world's exotic wildlife, an experience of romantic thrill in jungle, a taste of power and pride-all coupled together in reality-a tamasha of glorified, organised animal slaughter. Charles Allen opined, "... (shootings) were an essential part of rituals of state, necessary displays of power by princes, made largely impotent by Pax Britannica." The English combined political guile and escape from daftar's drudgery with shooting and entertainment. "Come and stay with us in India and we will arrange for you to shoot tigers from the back of elephants from the back of tigers," Lord Curzon remarked to a friend giving an alternative to England's boring fox hunting. UNQUOTE ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/25/2008 11:28:54
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The elephant experience
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. Review of ''The Great Indian Elephant Book: An Anthology of Writings on Elephants in the Raj'', edited by Dhriti K. Lahiri-Choudhury; Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1999; pages 459, Rs. 595. ======== June 10 - 23, 2000 http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1712/17120780.htm ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/25/2008 11:28:27
    1. [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Lions: Conservation in Princely India
    2. Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar
    3. Paper on - Junagadh State and its Lions: Conservation in Princely India, 1879-1947 Abstract: Conservation in Princely India, during the British period, was brought on by several causes and responses. The Junagadh State's efforts at conservation were arguably the earliest in the Indian Empire for protecting a species for its own sake. State control of hunting is an old Indian royal tradition, which Junagadh never gave up. However, princely hunting closely linked to reasons of state, had to nevertheless involve its opposite - a strategy for conservation in order to ensure the survival of those hunted. Junagadh state pioneered the 'counting' of large fauna in the sub-continent. The last Nawab laid claim to total ownership of lions, as does the state government of Gujarat today. This paper traces these and related developments leading up to the independence of India and briefly lays the historical foundation of present day conservation efforts. http://www.conservationandsociety.org/cs_4_4_2-522.pdf ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

    02/25/2008 11:28:22