Hi all, The only good thing about a disk crash is that you sometimes find things you had forgotten about. I have been asked often about the training of CAS and MAS students. The enclosed is a copy of a record I found in the Punjab Archives in Lahore during my research time there. This report would eventually end up in London. Some may find it of interest. Jack Lahore, 6th August 1878 From T.E.B. Brown, Esquire, Principal, Lahore Medical School, To The Officiating Secretary to Government, Punjab I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your office memo No. 2716, dated 29th July, and of its enclosures, relating to the mode of education of Medical Pupils at the Lahore Medical School and the standard which each student has to pass for the public service, and in compliance with this to forward the following report. Report on the Education of Native Medical Pupils at the Lahore Medical School. The new Medical Pupils join the Lahore Medical School on the 1st of May in each year, and they are then expected to have already received instruction in dispensing and dressing wounds in the Military Hospitals or Civil Dispensaries to which they have been attached during the previous year, and also to have acquired some knowledge of drugs and their properties, and of rudimentary Anatomy. After they reach the School they receive separate daily lectures on the anatomy of the bones and ligaments, and also on Materia Medica of the mineral drugs with the rudiments of Chemistry. These lectures are continued throughout the months of May, June and July, and are accompanied with viva voce examinations, in each of which marks from 0 to 4 are awarded to each student according to his proficiency; those who answer correctly most questions receive the highest number of marks. The examinations are conducted by each Native medical teacher in his own subject, and the results are added up every month and shown to the Principal of the School. Care is taken to make the lectures as practical as possible, by showing to the students the actual objects described, such as the bones and the drugs, and the lectures are further illustrated by drawings and models. At the end of July a general examination is held on all the lectures which have been delivered during the past three months; 100 marks are assigned to the answers given in this examination, and the number gained by each student is added to the number of weekly marks, the maximum of which is usually 48, and the stipends are altered according to the total marks obtained. During August and September the vacation occurs, and the students return to their homes but come back to the Medical School on 1st October for the winter session. During the first winter session the same subjects, Anatomy and Materia Medica, are taught in two separate courses of daily lectures with weekly examinations, just as during the summer months; but the course on Anatomy includes the rudiments of Physiology and description of all the organs and tissues of the body, and is illustrated by actual dissections of the dead body, performed by the students themselves under the superintendence of the lecturer. In this way a practical knowledge of the tissues and organs of the body is obtained more fully than by drawings and models. The lectures on Materia Medica also are supplemented by practice in dispensing in the Mayo Hospital, and the students are taught to recognise all the important drugs by their external qualities from a separate collection. At the end of March a general examination is held on all the subjects taught during the winter by the Native teachers, and the results are as before, communicated to the Principal, the maximum marks being usually 100 for the final and 96 for the weekly examination. During the second year the students attend a repetition of the same course of lectures, and on the same subjects; but they are expected to answer the questions at the weekly and final examinations much more accurately, and to dissect more frequently and completely, and to learn the different preparations of the Indian Pharmacopoeia more accurately. In addition, the students also receive during their second year a complete course of lectures of the science and practice of medicine, with weekly examinations as in the former subjects. They also receive a course of lectures on Surgery, and they are taught practically to bandage and to perform the minor surgical operations by the lecturer on surgery during the summer. And during the vacation a number of them are employed in dispensing medicines and dressing patients in the Mayo Hospital. The examinations are, as before, held every week and also at the end of each session, and the marks are awarded in the same way as during the first year. During the third year the students are employed in the practical work of the hospital, attending both the out and the in-door patients. They accompany the Professors, who instruct them in the mode of recognising and treating disease practically, and they write down the prescriptions given either in Urdu or English; they also perform the minor operations, such as drawing teeth, lancing gums and bandaging on the out-patients, and they take it in turns to remain at the hospital day and night and to attend to any urgent cases under the direction of the House Surgeon. They likewise receive practical instruction in the common major operations, which they learn to perform on the dead body during their third summer session, and they attend the weekly examinations that are held on the subjects of Anatomy and Materia Medica with the 1st and 2nd years' men, and on Medicine and Surgery with those of the second year, so that they are compelled to read over again all their lecture notes. Marks are assigned at these weekly examinations precisely as in former years. In addition to this, the students are taught to prepare the returns of the hospital by taking the different classes of out and in-patients and drawing up monthly returns in the prescribed method, and also by taking account of the diets ordered for each of the in-patients. At the end of the third winter session, the final examination as to the fitness of each Medical Pupil to pass into the public service is held, and this differs from the former examination, in the examination being performed by the English Professors and not by the Native teachers of this class. At first each Professor examines each student in one branch of medical science separately, giving a number of questions and assigning 200 marks as the maximum to be obtained by answering all the questions. Unless the student answers correctly more than three-quarters of the questions in every subject, he is not allowed to pass. After this a general examination is held on each subject by all the Professors cojointly with the Deputy Surgeon-General of the Circle, in which any student who has answered imperfectly in any branch of Medical Science is examined practically in that branch until all the officers present agree as to the fitness of the pupil to pass or otherwise. Care is taken to make all these examinations as practical as possible, by requiring the students to recognise the various objects presented to them, such as drugs, human bones and surgical instruments, and also to bandage the limbs of persons; and unless each student answers in a manner which satisfies all the officers present, he is not allowed to pass. Subsequently an examination of each student as to his freedom from any disqualifying disease is held, and he is then admitted into the service of Government. No. 2930, dated Lahore, 16th August 1878 From J. G. Cordery, Esquire, Officiating Secretary to Government, Punjab, To the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India, Home Department In reply to your No. 10-356, dated 9th ultimo, I am desired to forward, for the information of the Government of India, copy of a letter from the Principal, Lahore Medical School, No. 521, dated 6th instant, and enclosures, reporting on the mode of examination and standard of qualifications required from Medical Pupils at the Lahore Medical School before they are passed out into Government Service.

The topic "The apathy and greed of Colonial rulers had a hand (directly or through inaction) in many famines" Mike Davis' book touches a sensitive issue however, no matter how eloquently he advocates fault, he certainly does not balance the onus of responsibility to this tragedy. Agreed some of the British were responsible for these famines but one needs to to understand that equal inaction by the Indians and the system of 'zemandari' contibuted to this inevitable. The official returns since the beginning of that century put the figure at 12.5 million. That of course ommitted several famines. However, an agreed figure between Indian and European researches capped at 18 million. Who is to be blamed for this tragedy - both and not just one single civilization To understand the start of these famines, one needs to go back to Lord Cornwallis' rule. To his credit it must be stated that his intent was to reform the abuse of licensed plunder that was in effect in the ranks of the East India Company. After the successful victory against Tipoo Sultan, in which by the way he had the asistance of the Maharattas and the Nizam he attempted to reorganize the administration in Bengal. His achievement of the Permanent Land Settlement in Bengal in 1793 brought in a whole new breed of Indian aristocracy known as the 'Zemindars' The revenue collectors with whom Cornwallis reached this settlement created a landed aristocracy of the most oppresive kind. The Zemindars were entrusted to collect the fixed revenue for the East india Company however, it also them a right to treat all below them as mere labourers subject to their will. This Zemindari system or oppression is still enacted in Bollywood. Year round ploughing of the land with no fallow time and no decent bullocks brought agriculture to a process of exhaustion. Because of their abject poverty and their plight to eat or sell every bit the land produced nothing was returned to the soil in proportion to what was taken away. That included the cattle manure which was used as fuel. The never ending demands and methods by this new aristocracy on the agricultural population compounded by a breed of usurers who took advantage and charged interest on loans ranging from 20 to 60 percent contributed to the inevitable. These were not El Nino cursed victims but a product of financial famines. Men, women and children could not get food because they could not buy it. It may be noted that in 1877 the Guaranteed Indian Railways posted a profit for the first time transporting food to famine stricken areas. It did not do any good as the average person could not afford to buy it. The direct abuse on the agricultural class impacted the whole country and loss of life. It was well put by a British Colonel at that time whom I quote" In India we all know very well that when the agricultural class is weak the weakness of all the other sections of the community is the inevitable consequence" The British did listen to natives. However, the Zemindari and the usurer community dictated the medium of communication. People tend to forget that It was not the Queen or the Pariament or the Governor General that ruled India. It was the district officers, judges, collectors, public works, police and managers of the railways that were the true rulers. They formed an enormous foreign bureaucracy however, with the usual defects incident to any bureaucracy. A characteristic not favourable to breaking rules; opposing out of the box solutions.Just like any current bureaucracy be it India or abroad. Every person for themselves essaying to hold on to what they have in hand Besides be it British or Indian it must be noted that India at that time was the 'El Dorado' of the time attracting unscrupulous adventurers from both sides that contibuted to more than just famines. Because of so little time since India's independence it will probably take another generation before any fair survey can be made on Colonial Indo-British ties. The Railways that was created back then, broke the bank of the poor Indian, but the fruits are now enjoyed by the second largest population. Public Works which was a monster that demanded more in those times and the reason for heavy taxation is now a handover that places India in and advanced stage compared to the other British colonies. For every Lord Dalhousie, there is a Warren Hastings or a Mountstuart Elphinstone. On and ending note and in praise for my community the Anglo-Indian I can say that one can truly notice a common starting point for both civilizations. When it came to discharging their responsibilities they did not abandon the British trust or their Indian resolve to final a accomplishment. Richard Rozario ( Toronto)

Obit: Nigel Hankin http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml;jsessionid=EEWUZT11DEWBDQFIQMFSFFOAVCBQ0IV0?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/news/2008/01/09/db0902.xml or http://tinyurl.com/2c2928 ooroo If you don't hear the knock of opportunity - build a door. Anon.

Sunday, April 13, 2003 Book review Ghost Stories from the Raj edited by Ruskin Bond. Rupa & Co. Pages 170. Rs 250. Be it dilapidated dak bungalows, isolated graveyards, dense forests or simply a peepal tree, there is always a possibility for the appearance of a ghost, for "ghosts require no passports. They are universal beings" and can turn up wherever, whenever and in whatever form they like. Written during 1840-1940 - "a century of ghosts" as Bond puts it - these stories present a different India, a haunted India. Among the writers who figure prominently, are keen observers of Indian customs and folklore: Lieutenant-Colonel Sleeman, Alice Perrin and C.A. Kincaid. Where these stories reveal popular Indian beliefs, they also tell something of the colonial attitudes. On the one hand, there is arrogance, selfishness and insensitivity but on the other, there is love, compassion and the capacity to sacrifice. Amidst all this is the element of the unknown. [snip] http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030413/spectrum/book7.htm ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

January 10, 2008 Late Victorian Holocausts: The Indian Famines Quote: Severe famines killed many millions in India between 1700 and 1900. The apathy and greed of Colonial rulers had a hand (directly or through inaction) in many famines. Unquote Snipped From http://scienceblogs.com/thescian/2008/01/late_victorian_holocausts_the.php ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Erm, excuse me - But weren't there terrible famines in India long before the advent of the 'colonial' rulers'? And I don't think many 'rich' Indians - like Ma\harajahs - did much to alleviate the suffering of their poorer brothers and sisters. Hazel Craig

An online long excerpt from the book - ''Sex and the Family in Colonial India: The Making of Empire'' by Durba Ghosh Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85704-8 Quote: The image of a European man and a native woman living in familial harmony has long been an enduring vision of colonial societies. In early colonial British India, creolization, conjugality, and cooperation between men and women of different cultural backgrounds created the image of a golden age in which racial hierarchies and boundaries were unimportant. By many accounts, the ideal eighteenth-century East India Company man was one who learned local languages, participated in native customs, such as hooka-smoking, and lived intimately and had a family with a local woman. A collaborative Raj was phased out by a coercive Raj, and native female companions were replaced by the influx of white women from Europe. By 1857, when Indian soldiers rose up against their British masters and gave Britons cause to establish more rigid racial hierarchies, an age of many kinds of partnership between Britons and those they ruled on the Indian subcontinent came to an abrupt end. Sex and the Family in Colonial India goes beyond this conventional narrative about the progressive racializing of British colonialism on the Indian subcontinent to closely examine the familial dynamics of interracial sexual contact for native women and European men who participated in these relationships. (snip) Unquote http://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/57048/excerpt/9780521857048_excerpt.htm ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Snipped from http://www.salon.com/tech/htww/2008/01/09/ancient_indian_nanotechnology/index.html Quote: On June 11, 1795, a man named George Pearson gave an address to the Royal Society of London titled "Experiments and Observations to Investigate the Nature of a Kind of Steel, Manufactured at Bombay, and There Called Wootz: With Remarks on the Properties and Composition of the Different States of Iron." His lengthy treatise begins thus: Doctor Scott, of Bombay, in a letter to the President, acquaints him that he has sent over specimens of a substance known by the name of wootz; which is considered to be a kind of steel, and is in high esteem among the Indians. Dr. Scott mentions several of its properties, and requests that an inquiry may be instituted to obtain further knowledge of its nature. This gentleman informs the President, that wootz "admits of harder temper than any thing known in that part of India..." ...Notwithstanding the difficulty and labour in forging, Mr. Stodart from this trail was of the opinion, that wootz is superior for many purposes to any steel used in this country. He thought it would carry a finer, stronger, and more durable edge, and point. Hence it might be particularly valuable for lancets and other chirurgical instruments. The remainder of the presentation reports, in excruciating detail, the results of numerous experiments conducted on this mysterious substance by Pearson. He hammered the wootz, hacked it with "chizzels," melted it, poured acid on it, and compared it to every other form of iron or steel he had available. The report doesn't make for the most entertaining reading, except when seen as an example of the scientific method, as a clue to the underpinnings of the industrial revolution and the explosion of technology birthed in the United Kingdom. Such is the stuff that the Age of Enlightenment was built upon, not to mention Western mastery of the world. I do not know whether Tipu Sultan was wielding his Damascus sword when killed in battle by the British in 1799, just four years after Pearson's report to the Royal Society into the nature of "wootz." I do know that in the obsessive, single-minded, immensely curious experiments of Pearson and his colleagues we can see the roots of a global transformation far more earth- shattering than anything unleashed by Tamerlane or Diocletian or Alexander. But in the span of human history, a mere 200 years isn't all that long a stretch. Who knows what wonders wait to be fabricated by Indian scientists inspired by Robert Curl's reminders of their ancient prowess? The glories of Damascene steel may be nothing compared to the nanotechnological Taj Mahals of the future. Unquote ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

January 9, 2008 A report from Karachi, dated November 15 1947, that appeared in the December 13, 1947 issue of ''The Nation'' is reprinted fully at http://www.thenation.com/doc/19471213/pakistan Andrew Roth on Jinnah's New Republic ===== ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

** Why can't we swallow our pride and prescribe Kipling as standard reading for schoolchildren? ** asks Rrishi Raote, an Indian, while reviewing Charles Allen's KIPLING SAHIB - INDIA AND THE MAKING OF RUDYARD KIPLING. New Delhi January 10, 2008 http://www.business-standard.com/lifeleisure/storypage.php?leftnm=lmnu4&subLeft=6&autono=310218&tab=r ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Begging John's pardon - if this appears Off Topic. (Though I think not) Paul Scott's Raj Quartet revealed how sex doomed the British Empire. (See my previous mail.) Now here is a Tamil poet who blames cricket for the demise of the Raj. His lament is inspired by the latest row that has shaken the world of cricket. I bring his words to your notice because in a way he COULD be right, you know! The webpage first quotes the Tamil verse and then its loose English translation. http://radwaste.blogspot.com/2008/01/indian-cricket-poem-lament.html ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

The following is published in the January/February 2008 issue of the Atlantic Monthly. Full text only for subscribers, and snippet view for the rest. ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India From http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200801/hitchens-scott Quote: Paul Scott's Raj Quartet reveals how sex doomed the British Empire. by Christopher Hitchens Books Atlantic Monthly Victoria's Secret There are not as many theories about the fall of the British Empire as there once were about the eclipse of its Roman predecessor, but one of the micro theories has always appealed to me more than any of the macro explanations. And it concerns India. For the first century or so of British dominion over the subcontinent, the men of the East India Company more or less took their chances. They made and lost reputations, and established or overthrew regional domains, and their massive speculations led to gain or ruin or (as in the instance of Warren Hastings) both. Meanwhile, they were encouraged to pick up the custom of the country, acquire a bit of the lingo, and develop a taste for "native" food, but-this in a bit of a whisper-be very careful about the local women. Things in that sensitive quarter could be arranged, but only with the most exquisite discretion. Thus the British developed a sort of modus vivendi that lasted until the trauma of 1857: the first Indian armed insurrection (still known as "the Mutiny" because it occurred among those the British had themselves trained and organized). Then came the stern rectitude of direct rule from London, replacing the improvised jollities and deal-making of "John Company," as the old racket had come to be affectionately known. And in the wake of this came the dreaded memsahib: the wife and companion and helpmeet of the officer, the district commissioner, the civil servant, and the judge. She was unlikely to tolerate the pretty housemaid or the indulgent cook. Worse, she was herself in need of protection against even a misdirected or insolent native glance. To protect white womanhood, the British erected a wall between themselves and those they ruled. They marked off cantonments, rigidly inscribing them on the map. They built country clubs and Anglican churches where ladies could go, under strict escort, and be unmolested. They invented a telling term-chi-chi-to define, and to explain away, the number of children and indeed adults who looked as if they might have had English fathers and Indian mothers or (even more troubling) the reverse. Gradually, the British withdrew into a private and costive and repressed universe where eventually they could say, as the angry policeman Ronald Merrick does in The Day of the Scorpion, the second volume of Paul Scott's Raj Quartet: "We don't rule this country any more. We preside over it." In this anecdotal theory, the decline of the British Raj can be attributed to the subtle influence of the female, to the male need to protect her (and thus fence her in), and to the related male need to fight for her honor and to punish with exceptional severity anybody who seems to impugn it. And so we may note with interest that it took one English homosexual, and one English bisexual, to unravel the erotic ambiguities of empire. "After all," says the district collector Turton in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India, "it's our women who make everything more difficult out here." And Paul Scott accepted that he had little choice but to follow the track that Forster had laid down. Unquote

Hi Guys, Guys, to all of you out there, who are waiting for replies to emails sent to me, please accept my apologies.........I'm not ignoring you!! Nor have I died or been abducted by aliens!! :)) The galley copy of the book has arrived from the publisher, and I am snowed under making corrections........racing a deadline. I promise to reply to yr emails as soon as this work is done. It's a painful, tedius process, but on the bright side, it means that we are nearly there.....at last!! :)) Cheers, guys. Lynne. :)) Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, chocolate in one hand, martini in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming "WOO HOO what a ride!"

January 8, 2008 Review of Angela V. John's book -- ''War, Journalism and the Shaping of the Twentieth Century: The Life and Times of Henry V. Nevinson'' [London: I. B. Tauris, 2006. 246 pp. Index. $45.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-84511-081-9] Reviewed for Jhistory by E. M. Palmegiano, Department of History, Saint Peter's College Snipped from http://warandgame.wordpress.com/2008/01/08/war-journalism-and-the-shaping-of-the-twentieth-century-the-life-and-times-of-henry-v-nevinson/ Quote - Henry Nevinson was, according to Angela John, a prolific writer, an ardent proponent of human rights, and a champion of national self-determination as well as an egoist, an adulterer, and an imperialist. John calls him the last Victorian war correspondent, a man his peers crowned their "king". Notwithstanding these labels and the book's title, the text devotes more space to his endeavors as a foreign correspondent than to his military reporting. Nevinson's early commentaries on Russia ran about the same time as those on India. In 1907 he went to the subcontinent for the _Manchester Guardian_, _Glasgow Herald_, and _Daily Chronicle_ in order to study "unrest". His "Letters" to the _Nation_ were fodder for another book, published in 1908. To prepare for this trip, John notes, Nevinson interviewed John Morley, secretary of state for India, but she fails to link Morley's journalistic background with his understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Raj governance and pressinfluence. Likewise, the chapter on India cites rather than analyzes, in terms of character and audience, the Indian and Anglo-Indian gazettes of Nevinson's acquaintance and frequently does not indicate his connection to them. For example, the reader discovers only from endnotes that he wrote for the _Indian Review_. Additionally, John has little to say about Indian editors except for Surendranath Banerjeawith (_Bengalee_), whose skill impressed Nevinson. Instead, she delineates his perceptions of the Indian National Congress. One explanation for this imbalance, as in the chapter on Gallipoli, is John's dependence on Nevinson's diaries. While his reactions justify her emphases, his responses reveal more about the man than the reporter. -- Unquote =================================== ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Hi guys, > > Guys, I'm trying to locate Cecil Skinner who I believe lives here in Oz. > I would be very interested to hear from anybody who might be able to help > me with this, off-list? Thanks, guys. Cheers, Lynne. :)) Life should NOT be a journey to the grave with the intention of arriving safely in an attractive and well preserved body, but rather to skid in sideways, chocolate in one hand, martini in the other, body thoroughly used up, totally worn out and screaming "WOO HOO what a ride!"

G'day Lynne, On 08/01/2008, at 11:06 AM, Lynne Hadley wrote: Hi guys, > > Guys, I'm trying to locate Cecil Skinner who I believe lives here in > Oz. > I would be very interested to hear from anybody who might be able > to help > me with this, off-list? Thanks, guys. Cheers, Lynne. :)) Not exactly a common name (with that forename). You could try the National Electoral Office. The records are all on computer these days. Just take it State by State. ooroo If you don't hear the knock of opportunity - build a door. Anon.

Thanks for that Harshoo. Being a Calcutta girl I really did appreciate the stories. Molly Sarstedt-Hamilton, Townsville, Australia On a beautiful summers day Researching - Sarstedt/Hitchcock/Osborne/Cullen/Pringle/Vargas/Hamilton/Slark/Samworth/Fury/Short/Lawcock/Smith

The India railroad site often has very interesting gems. I found this to be extremely useful. Jack -----Original Message----- From: irfca@yahoogroups.com [mailto:irfca@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of R. Sivaramakrishnan Sent: Monday, January 07, 2008 8:24 AM To: irfca@yahoogroups.com Subject: [IRFCA] Cambridge's Provincial Geographies of India (1913-23) on Internet Archive Just last month Internet Archive has made available online four volumes of the "Provincial Goegraphies of India", edited by T. H. Holland, F.R.S., and published by the Cambridge University Press in 1913-23. What a series! They are not just books on geography but veritable compendia giving information on the history, fauna and flora, the people and their cultures, administration and finances, gazetteer of cities and towns, besides the usual geographic materials like the terrain, its geology, climate, mineral resources, agriculture, etc., profusely illustrated with B&W photographs and bearing useful tables of data. Volume 1, by J. Douie (1916), deals with Panjaub, North-west Frontier Province and Kashmir and includes Delhi (Those days Delhi was considered along with undivided Punjab rather than the United Provinces). Railways are dealt with in pp. 128-131. As the map on p. 129 shows, the network was quite complete even by 1916. http://www.archive. <http://www.archive.org/details/provincialgeogra01holluoft> org/details/provincialgeogra01holluoft I viewed three of the volumes by FLIP BOOK format, but the second volume could be read only through FTP which, for some reason, does not function on my system. Volume 2, by L. S. S. Malley, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Sikkim (1917) http://www.archive. <http://www.archive.org/details/provincialgeogra02holluoft> org/details/provincialgeogra02holluoft Volume 3, E. Thurston, Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and the associated States (1913). The various main and branch lines of M&SM and SIR operating as of 1913 are enumerated (p. 186-188). There are photographs of Nilgiri railway (p. 188) and an upcountry railway station (p. 189), but of great interest are photographs of the Periyar dam during construction (p. 204), Dowleswaram barrage (p. 206) and Kistna Anicut (p. 208). Dowleswaram barrage was conceived and constructed by Cotton. http://www.archive. <http://www.archive.org/details/provincialgeogra03holluoft> org/details/provincialgeogra03holluoft Volume 4, by H. T. White, deals with Burma (1913-23) http://www.archive. <http://www.archive.org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft> org/details/provincialgeogra04holluoft The Burmese Railways, all metre gauge, are presented in pp. 166-169. There is a photograph of a railway station (p. 167) with a spacious platform and a train with wooden carriages, the likes of which I have seen on SIR in my childhood; and another "on the Southern Shan State Railway" (p. 168) with the line barely visible amidst thatched structures. Goteik viaduct is mentioned in p. 167. The concluding paragraph in p. 169 fascinates me: "Burmans take kindly to railway traveling and on average the whole population travels by rail twice a year. Except in the neighbourhood of Rangoon, trains do not run very frequently. In some places there is only one train a day in each direction; in others there are not more than two or three services a week. The easy-going Burman sits contentedly on theplatform for half the day awaiting the arrival of the fire-carriage (mi-yata)." That was written around 1923. My wife's grandfather, who had worked there in the late 1930's as the agent of a Tamil "banker", an euphemism for a money-lender, was often stranded in up-country places where a debtor had delayed interest payment; a strict vegetarian, he would starve watching local Burmese travellers cook and consume their non-vegetarian food on the platform as all waited patiently for hours for the arrival of the train. - R. Sivaramakrishnan. 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I came across this blog by chance. Nice contents, though not updated after 2005. ** Anglo-Indian Kedgeree by Frank Krishner Snippets of life from an Anglo-Indian point of view... stories... incidents.... biography...India through the eyes of someone who spans both cultures ** http://angloindia.rediffblogs.com/index.html#1135759585 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

I'm but a reporter - having no truck with this seller. If you are looking for some good, old, and rare books on India (among other subjects), visit this page. An expensive lot. But the images are worth looking at. http://search.ebay.co.uk/_W0QQfgtpZ1QQfrppZ25QQsassZchapatipaul Here is a sampling: EARLY RECORDS OF BRITISH INDIA A HISTORY OF THE SETTLEMENTS IN INDIA AS TOLD IN THE GOVERNMENT RECORDS, THE WORKS OF OLD TRAVELLERS & OTHER CONTEMPORARY DOCUMENTS FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD DOWN TO THE RISE OF BRITISH POWER IN INDIA BY J. TALBOYS WHEELER PUBLISHED BY W.NEWMAN & CO, CALCUTTA 1879 AN UNCOMMON BOOK FULL OF EXCELLENT READING ON THE BRITISH & INDIA price: £85.00 + postage http://cgi.ebay.co.uk/1879-RARE-BOOK-ON-THE-BRITISH-IN-INDIA-HISTORY-WARS-ETC_W0QQitemZ320195485001QQihZ011QQcategoryZ21537QQcmdZViewItem ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India