Though this relates to Canada, there is much here on India during the Raj era. Snipped from MILITARY DEPENDENCE AND POLITICAL INDEPENDENCE: THE CASE OF CANADA. By Richard A. Preston. Full text at -- http://warandgame.blogspot.com/2008/04/military-dependence-and-political.html ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India Friday, April 11, 2008 QUOTE: Air Marshal and historian of air power, Sir John Slessor, pointed out in an introduction of Gutteridges' Armed Forces in New States that British colonies always depended on external support to meet threats from a major power. [see: William Gutteridge, Armed Forces in New States (London, etc.: Oxford University Press, 1962)] A Viceroy of India in the early 1920's went further still. He states that without out-side help the Indian Army, including native regiments, could not even contain widespread domestic disturbances should they occur. [see: Judith M. Brown, "War and the Colonial Relationship: Britain, India and the War of 1914-1918" in M.R.D. Foot (ed.), War and Society: Historical p. 89] The historian of the Indian Army and of its contribution to development believes that this had a wider connotation. "All colonial relationships have much in common, but perhaps the most fundamental feature they share is a dependent relationship between foreign conqueror and the native... In exchange for a secure place in the new system established for the foreigner, the native will respond not with gratitude but with obedience." [see: Stephen P. Cohen, The Indian Army; Its Contribution to the Development of a Nation (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971), pp. 49] Relative weakness had created and maintained the colonial relationship of military dependence; and colonial acquiescence was an important element in the imperial-colonial relationship of military dependence. UNQUOTE

Dear Listers, I recollect that there has been some controversy as to whether his famous quotation, generally attributed to Mallory, is indeed his. I have read it attributed to Eric Shipton, another famous British climber. Upon searching the internet I came across in Google Books 'Brewer's Famous Quotations' by Nigel Rees. Page 309 in it sets out the controversy in detail and mentions a correspondent of NYT in 1923 as a possible source. It also mentions that this very famous quote was used by Kennedy while justifying the expedition to the moon. There it was attributed to Mallory. Arvind Kolhatkar, Toronto, April 11, 2008

Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar wrote: > An excellent backgrounder piece on the peculiar English character > - something which most non-English fail to understand. > > ** Why do it? Because it's there ** > > One type of explorer (like the man who crossed Britain free by bus) > is peculiarly English. > <snip> > > > >From The Times April 11, 2008 > http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/ben_macintyre/article3724105.ece Harshawardhan - It is pleasing to see that during my enforced absence from the list the high standard of your snippets from "other sources" has been maintained, if not actually risen. This article is indeed a very worth while read and goes, I would submit, a long way to show how this peculiar British trait bore a major part in the 'Expanse of Empire'. Of course other factors were involved, including greed and a quest for glory, but a major part was the desire to both seek out the unknown and to a desire to 'improve the lot' of the indigenous populations. I would endorse your thoughts that this article well merits a read in its entirety; it may help some, to whom the very word 'Empire' acts as does a red rag to a bull, understand some of the complex motivations involved. I found the quote from Mallory particularly moving, for it was the Everest expedition that ended in his death that my connection led. Yours Aye Andrew Sellon

Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar wrote: > <snip> > > It touches upon the way in which imperialist / expansionist policies underlay > the entire project - the way in which map making by the Survey of India > went hand in hand with the measurement of the Great Indian Arc of the > Meridian by the Great Trigonometric Survey of India. In a sense the history > of Cartography was linked up to both the history of science as well as to the > ideology of British India. Harshawardhan - Thanks for the resume, a film to look forward to, (I must get round to reading the book, something I have meant to do for years). Should any lister have a special interest in the Survey, I would love to find out if there is a listing of British personnel who were involved. Supposedly I had a RENNY relative who was a member of the Survey, In a senior position at the time Col. Everest left. I can not even identify which of the many military RENNEYs who served in India it might have been, not knowing his first name. Were the majority of them Engineers or perhaps Artillery-men? Having had a relative (on another side of the family) who led a pre-WW II expedition to attempt to climb the mountain named after colonel I would like to make the connection. Yours Aye Andrew Sellon

Those who have read John Keay's Great Arc of India will appreciate this more. Those who haven't, should make a beeline to the nearest bookshop or library, ASAP. It's a wonderful book. And now they are going to turn it into a movie: http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080046434 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India TRACING THE ARC: A film by Pankaj Butalia Thursday, April 10, 2008 New Delhi - It is among the lesser known facts of the history of science that one of the major scientific projects of the Nineteenth Century took place in India. This project was the measurement of the Great Indian Arc of the Meridian undertaken in 1802. It was the longest measurement of the Earth's surface ever to be attempted. It began at the turn of the Century lasted almost fifty years covered over 1600 miles cost more lives than are lost in wars and involved complex mathematical equations which would have given modern computers minor headaches. This project was undertaken by The Survey of India and was subsequently put under the charge of a separate institution created for this purpose called the Great Trigonometric Survey of India (GTS) . Through exceedingly rigorous triangulation in inhospitable conditions, the project not only succeeded in mapping and measuring the Great Arc, but also made possible the first comprehensible and accurate mapping of India. In the sense, this made possible, for the first time, a scientific mapping of what had been called India. The survey also made possible the measurement of the Great Himalayas. It first claimed and then provided definitive proof that Mount Everest was indeed the highest peak in the world. It is a measure of the rigour and precision of the work that modern day satellite images confirm, almost to the inch, the work done by the GTS between 150-200 years ago. Though many British officers were involved in the triangulation project, it was Major William Lambton whose brainchild it actually was and who was responsible for the precision with which the work was carried out. In spite of the fact that what he was attempting was so exacting and difficult, he insisted on precision instruments, checking and counter-checking calculation after calculation, in the midst of high fever, torrential rains, attacks by wild animals and mutinous workers. From the inception of the project in 1802 till his death in 1823, Lambton worked ceaselessly at his triangulation, for which he received recognition not only in India but from the world's scientific community. George Everest took charge of the Great Trigonometric Survey after Lambton s death and decided that he would not only complete Lambton's project but also extend the scope of the triangulation to 400 miles beyond Agra to include Delhi and the mountains beyond the plains. For over two decades, Everest pursued Lambton's dream with a commitment that was remarkable. He completed the Arc in 1843 leading the President of London s Royal Geographical Society to declare that it was one of the most stupendous works in the whole history of science . The film Tracing The Arc deals with the period associated with both Lambton and Everest. It looks at what motivated the British to undertake such extensive mapping of India in the first place. To what extent were these maps necessary for expansion of the empire, and to what extent were these devices with which to access remote areas of India to see what they had to offer which was of commercial benefit to the East India Company are questions the film addresses. The film also attempts to understand the extent to which our perceptions of ourselves as Indians originates with a conception of the geographical space that links us, as well as of the manner in which it links us. It touches upon the way in which imperialist / expansionist policies underlay the entire project - the way in which map making by the Survey of India went hand in hand with the measurement of the Great Indian Arc of the Meridian by the Great Trigonometric Survey of India. In a sense the history of Cartography was linked up to both the history of science as well as to the ideology of British India. ========================

Have you never heard of the term, "irony"?????? Cheers, Lynne. :)) ----- Original Message ----- From: "IdrisAttarwala" <iattarwala@sbcglobal.net> To: <india-british-raj@rootsweb.com> Sent: Thursday, April 10, 2008 4:02 PM Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Court sentences the prisoner ... > > > Lynne Hadley <lynnehadley1@bigpond.com> wrote: Yes indeed I do. > > Dear Lynne, > > I would certainly like to see the facts you have. > > Do you have any proof to the contrary? If so, I'd love to > hear it. > > Read Page 58, The Indian Mutiny, by Col. G. B. Malleson. > (books.google.com) > > While one soldier helped Lieutenant Baugh and Sergeant-Major Hewson > against Mangal Pandey, no one else came to their help. > > The 34th Bengal Native Infantry was disbanded and the all the soldiers who > were at Barrackpore were marched out with every show of disgrace as stated > in this book. > > There is certainly no mention of any sepoys who would have wanted to > carry out this sentence (execution of Mangal Pandey) themselves, as > mentioned by you. > > With the exception of one soldier, no one else seemed to be on the side of > the British at Barrackpore, so why would the sepoys want to carry out his > execution. > > > By the way, it wasn't a Hindu upraising really > > Every child in India knows it wasn't a Hindu uprising. > > Eagerly looking forward to your reply. > > Idris Attarwala > Fremont, CA > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "IdrisAttarwala" > To: > Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 3:15 PM > Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Court sentences the prisoner ... > > >> >> Lynne Hadley wrote: Methinks that perhaps there >> were a few sepoys who would have wanted to carry >> out this sentence themselves, Dear Lynne, >> >> Do you have any proof to back up what you have written or did you just >> make something up to belittle the start of the sepoy revolt. >> >> Thank you. >> Idris Attarwala >> Fremont, CA >> >> >> >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' >> without >> the quotes in the subject and the body of the message >> >> >> -- >> No virus found in this incoming message. >> Checked by AVG. >> Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.9/1365 - Release Date: 4/8/2008 >> 7:30 AM >> >> > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG. > Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.10/1367 - Release Date: 4/9/2008 > 7:10 AM > >

Thursday, April 10, 2008 Photography's Early History Revealed at the National Gallery of Art WASHINGTON, DC.- The first exhibition to explore photographs made from paper negatives-calotypes-in Great Britain in the 1840s and 1850s, Impressed by Light: British Photographs from Paper Negatives, 1840-1860, will be on view from February 3 through May 4, 2008, in the West Building photography galleries. The exhibition features 120 calotypes, many of which have never before been exhibited or published in the United States, made by about forty artists. Included are works by such masters as the process' inventor, William Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), Roger Fenton (1819- 1869), and David Octavius Hill (1802-1870) and Robert Adamson (1821-1848), as well as by dozens of previously unknown photographers. The calotype process introduced the ability to make multiple copies of a photograph, as compared to its initial competition, the one-of-a-kind daguerreotype. The exhibition is organized by the National Gallery of Art, Washington, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, in association with the Musée d'Orsay, Paris. The National Gallery of Art is the second venue for this exhibition, which premiered at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, September 24 through December 31, 2007. The exhibition travels to the Musée d'Orsay, Paris, May 26 through September 14, 2008. The exhibition is presented in four parts: (of which) ''Under an Indian Sky'' offers images of the exotic 19th-century British colonies of India and Burma. In their time, calotypes such as the stark Children's Graves, India (1848) by Alfred Huish (b. 1811- unknown), and John Murray's (1809-1898) panoramic The Taj Mahal from the Gateway (January-March 1864) brought the first photographic scenes from the far reaches of the British Empire to the West. http://www.artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=2&int_new=23825 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Lynne Hadley <lynnehadley1@bigpond.com> wrote: Yes indeed I do. Dear Lynne, I would certainly like to see the facts you have. Do you have any proof to the contrary? If so, I'd love to hear it. Read Page 58, The Indian Mutiny, by Col. G. B. Malleson. (books.google.com) While one soldier helped Lieutenant Baugh and Sergeant-Major Hewson against Mangal Pandey, no one else came to their help. The 34th Bengal Native Infantry was disbanded and the all the soldiers who were at Barrackpore were marched out with every show of disgrace as stated in this book. There is certainly no mention of any sepoys who would have wanted to carry out this sentence (execution of Mangal Pandey) themselves, as mentioned by you. With the exception of one soldier, no one else seemed to be on the side of the British at Barrackpore, so why would the sepoys want to carry out his execution. By the way, it wasn't a Hindu upraising really Every child in India knows it wasn't a Hindu uprising. Eagerly looking forward to your reply. Idris Attarwala Fremont, CA ----- Original Message ----- From: "IdrisAttarwala" To: Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 3:15 PM Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Court sentences the prisoner ... > > Lynne Hadley wrote: Methinks that perhaps there > were a few sepoys who would have wanted to carry > out this sentence themselves, Dear Lynne, > > Do you have any proof to back up what you have written or did you just > make something up to belittle the start of the sepoy revolt. > > Thank you. > Idris Attarwala > Fremont, CA > > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG. > Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.9/1365 - Release Date: 4/8/2008 > 7:30 AM > > ------------------------------- To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

I bought Michael Wood's book on the subject which I found extremely disappointing. Molly Sarstedt-Hamilton, Townsville, Australia Researching - Sarstedt/Hitchcock/Osborne/Cullen/Pringle/Vargas/Hamilton/Slark/Samworth/Fury/Short/Lawcock/Smith Beautiful autumn weather at present

Yes indeed I do. Do you have any proof to the contrary? If so, I'd love to hear it. By the way, it wasn't a Hindu upraising really.......it was instigated by those who wanted to see the Mughal empire re-established. Am I educating you???? Cheers, Lynne. :)) ----- Original Message ----- From: "IdrisAttarwala" <iattarwala@sbcglobal.net> To: <india-british-raj@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, April 09, 2008 3:15 PM Subject: Re: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Court sentences the prisoner ... > > Lynne Hadley <lynnehadley1@bigpond.com> wrote: Methinks that perhaps there > were a few sepoys who would have wanted to carry > out this sentence themselves, Dear Lynne, > > Do you have any proof to back up what you have written or did you just > make something up to belittle the start of the sepoy revolt. > > Thank you. > Idris Attarwala > Fremont, CA > > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG. > Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.9/1365 - Release Date: 4/8/2008 > 7:30 AM > >

----- Original Message ----- From: "Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar" <bosham@gmail.com> Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] 'The Story of India' on Discovery Channel > 'The Story of India' on Discovery Channel > Thank you very much for alerting us to what promises to be a great programme. I guess we in Australia will need to check April's programme guide to see if the date you have coincides with our own. Wishes Sally

How the moustache won an empire 11th October 2007 The British Empire was the greatest and most diverse the world has ever seen. At its height, it was seven times the size of the Roman Empire, its Navy ruled the oceans and a quarter of the earth was painted red on the map. Military victories, trade expansion and a talent for bureaucracy all played a part - but so did the humble moustache. As Britain's influence stretched across the globe, the moustaches worn by our fighting men and leaders flourished, but by the time of the postcolonial humiliation of Suez in 1956, the prime minister of the day, Anthony Eden, sported an apologetic, hardly noticeable growth. The rise and fall of the Empire was reflected in the waxing - literally, sometimes - and waning of the hair on generations of stiff upper lips. The impetus for the fashion came from two sources. It began during the Napoleonic Wars of 1799 to 1815 when some British officers began to emulate fighting Frenchmen, whose moustaches were said to be "appurtenances of terror". At about the same time, Britons, who by then formed the dominant caste in India, adopted the customs of the country, smoking hookahs, drinking a locally distilled spirit called arrack, wearing pyjamas and growing moustaches. By the 1830s this sort of behaviour was condemned as "going native" and the British were discouraged from adopting such ways. But some Indian habits remained - the British continued to eat curry, kedgeree and mulligatawny soup. And the moustache became imperative because it was seen as a potent symbol of virility. As one contemporary noted, Indians looked upon "the bare faces of the English with amazement and contempt", regarding as na-mard (unmanly) countenances emasculated by the razor. British soldiers, in particular, could not afford to appear less masculine and aggressive than their Indian comrades in the Army. They had to assert the supremacy of the imperial race. So began what became known as "the moustache movement". It scored an early victory in 1831 when the 16th Lancers hailed with delight an order permitting them to wear moustaches. But the battle for this war-like appendage was far from won. [SNIP] Full text - and some lovely photos - at http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=486942&in_page_id=1770 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Book Review by A.G. NOORANI Scandals were closely linked to the project of empire-building. ''The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain'' by Nicholas B. Dirks; Beliknap Press of Harvard University Press; pages 387, $27,95 PROF. Nicholas B. Dirks, Professor of Anthropology and History and Dean of the Faculty at Columbia University, is a historian of India, principally southern India. During the years when President Bill Clinton was being impeached, he began thinking seriously about the impeachment of Warren Hastings led by Edmund Burke. The interest acquired another dimension when President George W. Bush exploited 9/11 to attack Iraq and acquire "an imperial presence in the Gulf". No weapons of mass destruction were found in Iraq. It has been ruined and is now a mere geographical expression. The parallels became increasingly close as he pursued his studies. He felt that he was writing the history, not just of the 18th century, but of the present as well. "The aim of the present book has been to understand how the well-known scandals of the East India Company in the eighteenth century became either forgotten or subsumed within the larger and more compelling imperial narrative of an exhausted land that virtually invited the British to conquer it. Historians of India have frequently observed that the social, political, cultural and economic buoyancy of India in the eighteenth century was not just forgotten but suppressed by a narrative in which the decay of India became the primary reason for the case, and inevitability, of European conquest. These same historians have documented with increasingly detailed and robust arguments the extent to which the sub-continent was far from decadent in the decades before imperial conquest. But while most historians have also been well aware of the scandals of early empire, the implications of these scandals, either for the impoverishment of India's own history or for the history of Britain itself in the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, have been little noted of late." After the Battle of Plassey in 1757, the British were set on a trajectory not only of conquest but of rewriting history too. "In the scandals of empire we see not just the basis for the creation of British imperialism, but also the origins of modern understandings of corruption, sovereignty, public virtue, the market economy, the bureaucratic state, history, and even tradition, the final repository of scandal for empire." To this day, very few British writers are willing to accept fully the enormity of the outrages perpetrated by the Raj. Scandal is inseparably linked to empire-building, alike in the 18th and 19th centuries and now. "Empire was always a scandal for those who were colonized. It is less well known that empire began as a scandal even for those who were colonizers." The East India Company's men used their ill-gotten wealth to corrupt British public life and buy seats in Parliament. "What was supposed to have been a trading company with an eastern monopoly vested by Parliament had become a rogue state waging war, administering justice, minting coin, and collecting revenue over Indian territory." Burke's eloquent denunciations did not lead him to suggest Britain's withdrawal from India. They tried, instead, to rivet British control over India, the author holds. Scandals were not an aberration. It was British historiography which laid the seeds of communal writing of history and of Somnath and Ayodhya. Prof. Dirks exposes with erudition its falsehoods and the scandals that created and sustained the empire and offers a close analysis of those times and relates the events to the ones of today. If history can ever serve as a lesson for our present and future, "the history of empire as recounted here should remind us that no imperial ambition can ever be unencumbered by scandal. Indeed, scandal is what empire is all about." [snipped] http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/stories/20080425250808000.htm http://www.flonnet.com/fl2508/stories/20080425250808000.htm ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Partition 2007 (R) Set in India during the rule of the British Colonial Empire, ''Partition'' tells the story of the forbidden love between a Sikh soldier and an Islamic teenager. Starring: Jimi Mistry, Neve Campbell Director: Vic Sarin Country: Canada, South Africa, United Kingdom Rated R for some violent and disturbing images. Romance, Drama, Foreign (115 Minutes) http://www.hollywoodvideo.com/movies/movie.aspx?LF=RSS&MID=149335 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Tuesday - Apr 08, 2008 'The Story of India' on Discovery Channel Discovery Channel plans to journey into the most ancient surviving civilisation. The channel is premiering a six-part series, 'The Story of India', from April 16. Narrated by Michael Wood, the series would be aired on Wednesdays at 8 pm. Deepak Shourie, Managing director, Discovery Networks India, said, "'The Story of India' is a chronological history of India. It will reveal the wonders of India, the diversity and richness of its people, cultures and landscapes and the intense drama of its past, including some of the most momentous events in world history. Viewers will witness the intense journey of a nation which has over the centuries regenerated itself several times. The series is replete with wondrous revelations in quintessential Discovery style." The series will show geneticists from the University of Madurai testing the DNA of tribal villagers to get a clue about migration history. The programme will be shown in chronological order from the first civilization - Harappa and Mohenjodaro. It will also highlight the time of the Roman Empire, the opening of the Silk Route and the Spice Route that brought international trade to India. It will also show the Mughal rule and the British invasion, ending with the present state of India. http://www.televisionpoint.com/news2008/newsfullstory.php?id=1207642104 ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar Nagpur, India

Nasirabad is in Rajasthan (Rajputana in those days), near Ajmer. Mandeep ----- Original Message ----- From: "John Feltham" <wulguru.wantok@gmail.com> To: "Raj" <INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Thursday, March 27, 2008 9:25 AM Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] Fwd: Hipkin > G'day folks, > > A new member looking for answers.... > > > > Begin forwarded message: > > From: "Collin" <collin@adam.com.au> > Date: 27 March 2008 1:17:43 AM > To: <INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-admin@rootsweb.com> > Subject: Hipkin > > Hello, > my name is Colin Renshaw and I am trying to find information on my > maternal Great Grandfather and hid family. His name was Dennis Frank > Hipkin and he served in the British Army in India around 1936 I think > they lived in Nasirabad (not sure). His wife's name was Grace Iris > Noreen Hipkin and she was an English teacher and I am told she tutored > the Maharaja's children in English. Dennis was a sergeant I think. > They had two daughters Pamela and Yvonne. > > Any information you could provide would be a step in the right > direction. > > Thank you for your time > Regards > Colin Renshaw > > > > > > > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message

Sally wrote: 'Thank you very much for alerting us to what promises to be a great programme. I guess.' This programme was shown in the UK last year. I found it to be disappointing. Michael Wood, who is a respected and charismatic historian, gives the impression of a utopian sub-continent - that is, until the British arrived. I'll say no more, except that my bp went sky high at the one-sidedness of the programme! Regards, Michael _________________________________________________________________ Win 100’s of Virgin Experience days with BigSnapSearch.com http://www.bigsnapsearch.com

Methinks that perhaps there were a few sepoys who would have wanted to carry out this sentence themselves, given that he jumped the gun re: the planned mutiny? Still, these documents are chilling reading, aren't they? Execution then and now, still seems to this little black duck, to be the most cold-blooded form of state-sanctioned murder. Cheers, Lynne. :)) ----- Original Message ----- From: "Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar" <bosham@gmail.com> To: <india-british-raj@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 08, 2008 5:26 PM Subject: [INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ] The Court sentences the prisoner ... > Image of the order sentencing Mangal Pandey to death : > > http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050814/spectrum/book10.htm > > ----- Harshawardhan_Bosham Nimkhedkar > Nagpur, India > > ------------------------------- > To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to > INDIA-BRITISH-RAJ-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without > the quotes in the subject and the body of the message > > > -- > No virus found in this incoming message. > Checked by AVG. > Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.8/1363 - Release Date: 4/7/2008 > 8:56 AM > >

Dear Listers, I have checked the Discovery Civilization website. This program is not in the Canadian schedule in the near future. I believe it would be the same for the US. Arvind Kolhatkar, April 09, 2008