GREAT, Richard - - - Thanks so much - maybe that reference will tell one of our listers why a particular ancestor disappeared from view! It also gives us a grand picture of the-way-it-was. Everyone - these snippets we run into could be pure gold for someone, and we all benefit to a greater or lesser extent. Where found, please do put them on-list. Merci! Ginny listowner/admin, ILSTANNE-L