I looked at the census for Thomas Riley in 1860 and it definitely looks like he's 33 years old. Then I looked for Thomas Riley in 1870 and there is one in Warren County, Hale Twp. who is 43 years old, married to Bridget, born Ireland, and they apparently married about 1861 or 1862 because they have a son, John, who is 8 in 1870. There are 5 more children listed. Don't you think it's probable that this is Mary's son? They appear again in 1880, adding 3 more children. This is in Warren County, Sumner. I think Sumner may be a town name, not the township. It's likely that if Thomas married Bridget, Mary opted to live with her daughter in Iowa. In 1900, Bridget is a widow, she immigrated in 1856, she was born May 1840, and she's living with the following children: William, born June 1866, age 33 farmer Bell(?), daughter, born August 1878, age 22 (maybe this is Agnes B. in the 1880 census?) Chester, born November 1875, age 24, farm laborer If you go along with this train of thought, you might spend your time better by trying to find them, Mary, Thomas and William on a ship's passenger list. Seems I remember all three were born in Ireland, so subtract William's 13 from 1860 and you get 1847, so you'd be looking for their arrival in the US between 1847 and 1860. Have you looked for land purchases by Thomas in the Illinois State Archives? Those records have helped me a lot. Also, the daughter she went to live with in Iowa, was she born in Ireland? Then you could add her to the immigrants you are looking for. Hope this helps. Joan in Illinois