Madison SMOCK (aka Martin Madison SMOCK) is listed in the USC 1880 Hardin Co., IL age 48, b. AR with both parents born in IL. Madison or Matt, as he was called, was raised in IL, served in the CW in an IL Regiment, married in IL, and died in IL. His birth in AR appears to be a result of his parents leaving IL going to AR before 1836 (Madison's birth) and then returning Madison to Hardin Co., IL. Three SMOCKs of IL went to AR between 1830 and 1840 are Barnet (Barney), Casper, and Alfred. Casper does not appear again, Alfred returned by 1832 when he married Sarah WILKINSON, Barney was married before he left for AR and he returned with children by 1840. Neither Alfred or Barney show an unidentified male child age 4 in their households in 1840. This suggests that Casper apparently was the father of Madison. It would appear that Casper did return to IL with Madison, but died before the 1840 census or returned after 1840 and died before 1850. This scenario is unproved, but does provide an approach to finding the facts. Best regards, Hugh