Hi, Another message from JR Deborah D B-S: Danke. Thanks for posting. I havn't found a connection between the PA Gradwohl's I'm pursuing and the NE & IO Gradwohl's. Ditto the Gradwohl's of Washington. The PA's appear to be Am.Rev. era immigrants, the NE & IO in the generations after the Civil War and bfr. WWI, and the WA group still later (Germany to Volga to US). "Probably" they all originate in the Palatine region. JRM