Walter Schlosser wrote "Zuflucht Hanau", page 15-21 in the book "Zuflucht - Hanau. Tagungsschrift 32. Deutscher Hugenottentag Hanau 1981". He has the following information about the people from the Netherlands in refugium in England and Germany. 1522: Two augustinian munks in Antwerpen: Heinric Voes and Johannes Esch, were arrested in December 1522. They were centensed to dead as heretics and burned 1.th of July 1523 in Brüssel. 1547: The " Schmalkaldischen Bund" looses, and at the Parliament in Augsburg 1548 the conditions for protestants were harder. 1550: Karl V (Charles) on the top of his power. Edikt in Augsburg 29.th of April 1550 wants the church back to former conditions. The heretics were juged to strongly by the emperors sister. Many evangelian christians went in refugium to England, where king Edward VI was ruling in the years 1547-53. He was interested in reformation. 1555: Then the long war of freedom against Philip II of Spane started (1555-98) in the Netherlands. There were about 30.000 refugees mainly in the south and southeast of England. Under Maria Tudor (1553-1558), called the catholic or the blody, many protestant refugees went away from England. In 1554 a group of English refugees had come to Frankfurt a. M. together with the Scotch reformator John Knox. The next group of people from the Netherlands leaving England came to Frankfurt a. M. in 1555. This group of boat refugees with Johannis à Lasco were dismissed in Denmark, were they wanted to be in refugium 15.09.1553. They were denied to settle as well in Elsinore (Helsingør) as Copenhagen (København) in October 1553. I March 1554 they were shortly accepted in Emden., where Johannis à Lasco, had been active before. In summer 1555 they travelled to Frankfurt. 1555-56: Problems in Frankfurt between the Lutheranians and Calvinists - even though Calvin in 1556 tried to make peace between the two parts - lead to denial of religios freedom in 1561. 1562: It is supposed that 18.000 people from Fandern and Wallon were living in England. In 1562 a big group of reformed people were livning in Frankenthal and other places in Palatinate (Pfalz). 1566: In 1566 the war of freedom in the Netherlands, and the duke of Alba (1567-73) was assisting the Statholder. Many more refugees left and went to Germany. Backhouse, Marcel: "The Flemish and Walloon communities at Sandwich during the reign of Elizabeth I (1561-1603)". Brussel 1995. (90 6569 640 7 US4-A1934). These people were early in England. This book is interesting for me - and perhaps also for you - because it mentions the Flemish and Walloon Communities with a lot of interesting details. "Although some Walloons had settled in Sandwich before 1566 a separate French-speaking community was not established until the second half of the 1560s. Most Walloons in Sandwich came from French Flanders and Hainaut" and "The vast majority of the Flemish and Dutch-speaking community originated from the Westkwartier of Flanders". "The six-teenth-century Walloons came from Artois, Hainaut, Walloon Flanders and the Pays de l'Alleu; Tournai, Armentières and Valenciennes were the major Walloon towns." A table at page 29 mentions some places of origin: Alleu, Amiens, Antwerp, Armentières, Artois, Bailleul, Bergues-Saint-Winoc, Comines, Haringe, Hondschoote, La Gorgue, Laventie, Mesen, Monain, Riningelst, Richebourg, Sailly, Steenswerck, Tournai, Warneton, Wervik, Westkwartier, Wormhout. "Around Midsummer 1575 Antoine Lescailleet, the minister of the Walloon Church at Sandwich, led a flock of one hundred Walloon families from the Cingue Port to their new settlement in Canterbury." So all the frenchspeaking people was transferred to Canterbury." This book mentions, that between 1565-1625 a lot of Sandwich strangers left this town: 1565 56 persons went to Norwich, 1565 1 person went to Wesel, Germany, bef. 1593 5 persons went to London, 1571 13 persons went to Dover, 1571-1593 8 persons went to Colchester, 1565-1582 5 persons returned to Flandern (and did not return), 1572-1614 few persons went to Amsterdam, Arnemuiden, Delft, Dordrecht, Zeeland, The Hague, Harderwijk, Holland, Middelburg, Rotterdam and Schiedam, but far the largest group went to Leiden. "We identified no less than 289 Sandwich Strangers who settled in the city between 1576 and 1625. They joined the Flemings who immigrated directly into Leiden from the south". I don't know much about Huguenots in England, but some of my ancestors came from Hainaut, Pays de l'Allou, La Gourge, Laventie and are later in Mannheim, Pfalz, Brandenburg. A few in Middelburg and Leiden. Perhaps some of them went to England for a short time, and then returned to Holland/Germany. The Walloons came to Sandwich about 1567 and at the same time "The French-speaking Reformed Community and their Church in Southampton" was formed. A book of that name is written by Andrew Spicer. London 1997. Some refugees from Hainaut were from the mining towns of le Borinage: Wasmes, Warquignies and other places southwest of Mons in Hainaut. Other small towns in this area: Jemappes, Pâturages, Colfontaine, Frameries, Hornu, Cuesmes, la Bouverie. The people living here were frenchspeeking probably Walloons, and some of them might be refugees from northern France. Some years ago I got this list from anohter researcher (Pierre H. Roussel): DEMOOR - DESMARAIS. DELAERE - DESPATURES. DELBECQUE - DUCOURANT. VANDAELE - DUVAL, DELVALLEE. VANDENBERGHE - DUMONT. VANECKE - DUCHENE. VERLYNDE - DUTILLEUL. VANDEVELDE - DESCAMPS. VANDERMEULEN - DUMOULIN. VANHOUTTE - DUBOIS. VANDEWEGHE - DUCHEMIN. VANBELLE - DEBAILLEUL. VANRYSSEL - DELILLE. Sorry I am not able to help about the records and archives relating these. But I hope someone can give more helpfull information on that. Hanne Thorup Koudal Denmark

Thank you for the interesting information from Marcel Backhouses' book regarding the Walloons in Sandwich. The earliest BUBBA (BUBBER/BUBBERS) in Sandwich was most likely the grandfather of Abraham Bubber who is supposed to have left Rotterdam about 1579. David and John BUBBA who were likely sons of the this first emigrant were market gardeners in Sandwich in the early 1600s according to their Wills. Many members of this family remained in Sandwich and nearby parishes until the 1700s when some moved to Canterbury and some ended up in London. Janis London, Ontario, Canada ----- Original Message ----- From: "Hanne Thorup Koudal" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, February 02, 2004 6:39 AM Subject: Re: [HWE] Time Line > Backhouse, Marcel: "The Flemish and Walloon communities at Sandwich during > the reign of Elizabeth I (1561-1603)". Brussel 1995. (90 6569 640 7 > US4-A1934). These people were early in England. > > This book is interesting for me - and perhaps also for you - because it > mentions the Flemish and Walloon Communities with a lot of interesting > details. "Although some Walloons had settled in Sandwich before 1566 a > separate French-speaking community was not established until the second half > of the 1560s. Most Walloons in Sandwich came from French Flanders and > Hainaut" and "The vast majority of the Flemish and Dutch-speaking community > originated from the Westkwartier of Flanders". "The six-teenth-century > Walloons came from Artois, Hainaut, Walloon Flanders and the Pays de > l'Alleu; Tournai, Armentières and Valenciennes were the major Walloon > towns." A table at page 29 mentions some places of origin: Alleu, Amiens, > Antwerp, Armentières, Artois, Bailleul, Bergues-Saint-Winoc, Comines, > Haringe, Hondschoote, La Gorgue, Laventie, Mesen, Monain, Riningelst, > Richebourg, Sailly, Steenswerck, Tournai, Warneton, Wervik, Westkwartier, > Wormhout. "Around Midsummer 1575 Antoine Lescailleet, the minister of the > Walloon Church at Sandwich, led a flock of one hundred Walloon families from > the Cingue Port to their new settlement in Canterbury." So all the > frenchspeaking people was transferred to Canterbury." This book mentions, > that between 1565-1625 a lot of Sandwich strangers left this town: 1565 56 > persons went to Norwich, 1565 1 person went to Wesel, Germany, bef. 1593 5 > persons went to London, 1571 13 persons went to Dover, 1571-1593 8 persons > went to Colchester, 1565-1582 5 persons returned to Flandern (and did not > return), 1572-1614 few persons went to Amsterdam, Arnemuiden, Delft, > Dordrecht, Zeeland, The Hague, Harderwijk, Holland, Middelburg, Rotterdam > and Schiedam, but far the largest group went to Leiden. "We identified no > less than 289 Sandwich Strangers who settled in the city between 1576 and > 1625. They joined the Flemings who immigrated directly into Leiden from the > south". > Hanne Thorup Koudal > > Denmark > > ______________________________